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Political Science 1001 Final > Final Review Questions > Flashcards

Final Review Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is Oedipus? Jocasta? Laius? Theseus?

A

son of Jocasta and Laius. He was given up by his parents because of a prophecy and was given a pierced foot; Queen of Thebes, Oedipus’ mom and wife; king of Thebes, Oedipus’ father; king of Athens that helps Oepdius

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2
Q

What is pollution? Or, why must Oedipus assume responsibility for things he did not know?

A

Just because you didn’t know doesn’t mean you are exempt from responsibility. You have to accept your own actions and the consequences of those actions. He doesn’t kill himself because he doesn’t wish to escape punishment.

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3
Q

In the play Oedipus Rex, what is the relationship between truth, freedom, identity and responsibility?

A

Oedipus is searching for the killer of King Laius. This in turn is a search for identity, freedom and destiny. Oedipus in the play searches for the truth. Freedom is necessary for the search for the truth. The search for the truth is the search for identity. When he finds out he didn’t avoid his fate, he is responsible for his actions. The search for truth has consequences

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4
Q

What does it mean to say that freedom is recognition of necessity?

A

Responsibility can be burdensome, but we are fated creatures.
What do you do with the freedoms that you have? Take what’s given, grasp it, and deal with it, openly, freely, and responsibly

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5
Q

In the final analysis, what advice about freedom, fate, and the gods is Sophocles giving in Oedipus Rex?

A

He is saying 4 things:

  1. Be like Oedipus by striving for excellence in a world of constraint
  2. Rebel against the limitations of the gods (fate) and acceptance of the limitations of the gods (fate).
  3. Bravely accept the consequences of one’s actions
  4. Reverence and Humility
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6
Q

What does it mean to defend freedom on the basis of natural rights?

A

Natural rights defense is defense based on the rights of the natural form of human dignity; “Certain unalienable rights.” The State is supposed to protect us through these inalienable rights. To secure those rights, governments are created. Our defense of natural rights is given to us by nature, God, etc

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7
Q

What does it mean to defend freedom on the basis of utility?

A

Utility are rights given and made by man; by a being who can sense, touch, etc.

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8
Q

According to Adrienne Rich, what does a woman need to know to be free?

A

She needs knowledge of her own history, of her much-politicized female body, of the creative genius of women of the past, the skills, crafts, techniques, and visions possessed by women in other times and cultures, and how they have been rendered anonymous, censored, interrupted, and devalued

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9
Q

Whose freedom is Sojourner Truth advocating?

A

She is advocating women’s freedoms; more specifically, she was advocating black women’s freedoms

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10
Q

According to John Stuart Mill, what is the greatest danger to freedom in a democratic society?

A

The greatest danger to freedom is public opinion; public opinion is a form of social tyranny.

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11
Q

According to Mill, what is the domain of consciousness, or those freedoms that are most precious?

A

The domain of consciousness is inside every individual and essentially untouchable; it is the realm that government or anyone else shouldn’t limit, control, or influence
Includes: liberty of conscience, freedom of thought and feeling, freedom of opinion and sentiments, freedom of expression, freedom of tastes and pursuits, freedom to unite (most important in the domain of consciousness)

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12
Q

According to Mill, what utility does freedom have for the pursuit of truth?

A

If you value truth, then you must value freedom; freedom has utility for the pursuit of truth.
(Freedom allows people to search for truth)

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13
Q

According to Mill, what utility does freedom have for the development of individuality?

A

Individuality has these faculties:

  1. Observation
  2. Reasoning and judgment to foresee
  3. Activity to gather materials
  4. Discrimination to desire
  5. Firmness and self-control to maintain that choice.

to be your own person you take on the issue of self-government and freedom

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14
Q

According to Mill, what utility does freedom have for the development of a progressive society?

A

Progressive societies are societies that value individuals. If the traditions of a society are valued, then freedom is necessary to do that.

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15
Q

How does Sophocles portray Oedipus and the issue of guilt/innocence in Oedipus at Colonus?

A

He portrays Oedipus’s as bravely accepting the consequences for his actions.
Oedipus declares his innocence to the elders by retelling his history to them - Oedipus didn’t know and that there were insinuating circumstances

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16
Q

What does Theseus offer to Oedipus in Oedipus at Colonus? Why?

A
  1. Empathy (Taking someone else’s feelings into account)
  2. Hospitality
  3. Citizenship
  4. Protection
  5. Grace
    Theseus feels that Oedipus needs these things
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17
Q

What is the function/importance of a language of needs?

A

3 things:

  1. A decent and just society requires a language of the good that asks, “What do we need?”
  2. Not all of our needs can be met with conventional politics
  3. One of the fundamental weaknesses of U.S. culture is that we have an extravagant language of rights- not one of needs.
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18
Q

Who is Pericles and what are the main principles of his funeral oration?

A

Pericles was a statesman, orator, and general during the period where Athens and Greece were at its highest; the main principles of his funeral oration was excellence, public service/duty, reverence, respect for laws and authority, loves of beauty and connectedness, patriotism

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19
Q

What is Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? How doe it compare to Aristotle’s theory of the goods of life? * 2nd part not answered

A

Physiological needs - sleep, food, sex
Safety needs - sense of order, security, stability
Belongingness needs - need to be loved, need to belong
Esteem needs - sense of recognition, power, respect
Self-actualization - the individual who is created, self-assured, loved, capable of loving, best suited; now has the best opportunity of becoming who he/she wants to

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20
Q

What does Pericles have to say about citizenship?

A

citizenship is comprised of the value of excellence, public service, reverence for the city, respecting the law and authorities, military training, lovers of beauty, deliberation, and the willingness to die for the city

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21
Q

What is Socrates’ vocation?

A

go around the city and refute what the oracle said - that Socrates was the wisest man alive

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22
Q

What are the formal charges against Socrates?

A

The notion that a certain kind of wisdom is a certain kind of admission of ignorance; Do not claim to know that which you do not know

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23
Q

What are the informal charges against Socrates?

A

1) student of all things in sky and below the Earth
2) makes worse argument the strongest
3) teaches others 1) and 2)
* Socrates calls these “shadows” or public opinion

24
Q

What is Socratic ignorance?

A

notion that a certain kind of wisdom is a certain kind of admission of ignorance; Do not claim to know that which you do not know

25
Q

What is Socrates’ daimon?

A

his conscience; a divine voice; a sign from the gods

26
Q

What is the relationship, in Socrates, of philosophy, death and the heroic tradition?

A

That philosophy is more important than death; the heroic tradition is those who die for their causes - causes are involved with war, honor, and their homes - Socrates extends it this cause to include truth and philosophy

27
Q

What does Socrates mean by caring for the soul?

A

Avoid injustice, engage in constant self-examination, intellectual honesty, and sustained moral energy

28
Q

What are the characteristics of Socrates’ theory of citizenship?

A 
Caring for the soul
moral dissent/skepticism (nothing is beyond being questioned)
moral individualism
Socratic ignorance/humility
heroism 
love of his city.
29
Q

What are the essential characteristics of democracy?

A

k

30
Q

What is a discourse?

A

art of persuasive speech; it’s important to a democracy because one must be able to persuade people and make people clearly understand their point

31
Q

What does Hecuba have to learn about discourse in order to be effective?

A

Hecuba is disdainful about the whole idea of persuasive speech; she equates persuasive speech with Odysseus; those who abuse their friends and lull the mob will trick us; most political speakers are engaged in crowd-pleasing

32
Q

What is the role of self-interest, justice, and pathos in discourse? What does each require?

A

k

33
Q

What does Hecuba teach the Greeks about discourse?

A

proper ingredients to persuasion

  • -Justice - the importance of righteousness in speech, philosophical abstraction, value, and right conduct
  • -Pathos - the suffering we share as humans, memory, suffering/ the need for mercy, to identify with the human condition
  • -Self-interest - appealing because of future consequences, expectations on part of person to be persuaded; it is not in the interest of the strong to abuse the weak because “every dog will have its day”
34
Q

What is Orwell’s hypothesis about politics and the English language?

A

The nature of political speech and writing is the defense of the indefensible; political speech has to consist largely of euphemism, question-begging, and sheer cloudy vagueness

35
Q

What is social capital and why is Robert Putnam so concerned about it?

A

refers to features of organizations such as networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit

36
Q

In his discussion of the globalization of the world, Benjamin Barber lists four imperatives: the market imperative, the resource imperative, the information-technology imperative, and the ecological imperative. Which of the following statements about the market imperative is correct?

A

All national economies are now vulnerable to the inroads of larger, transnational markets within which trade is free, currencies are convertible, access to banking is open, and contracts are enforceable under law

37
Q

The statement Benjamin Barber makes about the information-technology imperative:

A

The information arm of international commerce’s sprawling body reaches out and touches distinct nations and parochial cultures, and gives them a common face chiseled in Hollywood, on Madison Avenue, and in Silicon Valley

38
Q

Benjamin Barber’s assertion about the forces of Jihad or the Lebanonization of the world:

A

The mood is that of Jihad: war not as an instrument of policy but as an emblem of identity, an expression of community, an end in itself. Even where there is no shooting war, there is fractiousness, secession, and the quest for ever smaller communities

39
Q

Benjamin Barber’s conclusion about the forces of globalization and tribalism:

A

Neither McWorld nor Jihad is remotely democratic in impulse. Neither needs democracy; neither promotes democracy

40
Q

Components of political consciousness, especially in the classical world:

A
  1. Reason
  2. Self-consciousness
  3. Deliberate
  4. Moral Order
41
Q

The principle of subjectivity:

A

A consciousness of self and of others.

42
Q

An emerging consciousness of others leads us to be concerned, in our political life, with what?

A

Obligations we have to others

43
Q

Tribal societies possess what characteristics?

A

Kinship
Instinct
Custom

44
Q

Individuated societies possess what characteristics?

A

Law
Reason
Cities

45
Q

The modern nation:

A

A people who possess a common culture and a conscious identity with that culture.

46
Q

Strengths of a tribal society:

A

express the social nature of human beings and provide protection & security.

47
Q

The questions raised by Greek tragedies include:

A
  1. What are the sources of war and violence?
  2. How has speech been perverted and private & public morality corrupted?
  3. What is the relationship between freedom and necessity?
  4. How has trust been betrayed?
48
Q

The tragic poet Aeschylus is best known for:

A
  1. Developing the use of costumes and a second speaking actor.
  2. Innovative use of the chorus and of visual effects.
  3. Exceptional language.
49
Q

What is hubris?

A

Pride

50
Q

I am the sole surviving son of the blood feast of the House of Atreus; I have become Clytaemnestra’s lover and a tyrant. Who am I?

A

Aegisthus

51
Q

For we are strong and skilled; we have authority; we hold memory of evil. Who are we?

A

The Furies

52
Q

Much of the Oresteia, particularly the first play, Agamemnon, is a search for an explanation of suffering. That kind of inquiry and/or explanation is called which of the following?

A

Theodicy

53
Q

Yet look upon this dead man; you would not cross him once when with no thought more than as if a beast had died, when his ranged pastures swarmed with the deep fleece of flocks, he slaughtered like a victim his own child, my pain grown into love, to charm away the winds of Thrace. Who am I?

A

Clytaemnestra

54
Q

Intimations of democracy that occur in the Oresteia:

A
  • Athena creates the aeropagus to judge the guilt or innocence of Orestes.
  • Athena uses persuasion to convince the furies of their rightful place in the new order.
55
Q

The hopeful intimations of civilized behavior that Aeschylus portrays in the character of Orestes are:

A
  • Orestes experiences a moment of hesitation before killing his mother.
  • Orestes needs to know that what he has done in the matricide was right.
  • Orestes ultimately accepts responsibility for the matricide
56
Q

Athena insists that the Furies have a rightful role in the new order, that fear has a rightful role. What are the components of that fear?

A
  • Internalized guilt.
  • Socialization, particularly in the household.
  • Fear of punishment.

Political Science 1001 Final (1 decks)

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