Final Review pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define “fitness”

A

Measuring how much an individual’s genotype is present in the next generation. Increase reproductive chances = increase fitness

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2
Q

Typological thinking vs. population thinking

A
Typological = creation
Population = evolution
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3
Q

Describe the evidence that species are changing and that they are all related

A

fossils, extinction, transitional features, homology

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4
Q

Name two common misconceptions of evolution and why they are misconceptions

A

Perfection: Natural selection is not goal oriented. Not all traits can be developed, even if they’re adaptive. Limited by genetic, historical, or environmental constraints.
Complexity: Traits can actually be lost over time (vestigial). Mutations occur by chance and loss of traits can be adaptive.
Within organisms: Individuals acclimate, populations adapt

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5
Q

Why does history matter in evolution and historical traits?

A

Because all traits come from previously existing traits. Ex. vagus nerve in aorta of human and giraffe.

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6
Q

Describe how hox genes regulate animal development and their evolutionary significance

A
  • Ant/post genes
  • Rapid diversity. Don’t need a whole new genome each time
  • Decide when/where to activate certain genes
  • Leads to an arms race between predators and prey
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7
Q

Explain the significance of the bilaterian development tool kit

A
  • rapid evolution
  • increased diversity
  • very specialized development
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8
Q

Convergent evolution vs. Coevolution

A

Convergent: same plants in different places
Coevolution: bees and flowers

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9
Q

Identify and describe at least two of the four major gymnosperm groups

A

Cycads
Ginkgo
Conifers
Gnetophytes

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10
Q

Compare and contrast the xylem vessels of angiosperms and the tracheids of gymnosperms

A
G-TAX
Xylem: A
-more efficient
-open ends
-water flow is more direct
-more prone to cavitation

Tracheids: G

  • closed ends/semi-closed ends
  • flow of water is more indirect
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11
Q

Xylem transports water…

A

From the source to the loss point

I.e. Soil to leaves

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12
Q

Phloem transports water…

A

From the source to the sink

I.e. leaves to growing parts/storage organs

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