final review need to knows

Question 1

how can we stop emesis

Answer 1

1. neural transmission to ears

2. the chemoreceptors in the stomach

Question 2

when thinking about the inner ears that to drug classes can work in the inner ear route

Answer 2

1. scopolamine (the patch)

2. antihistamine = benedryl

Question 3

what would we use if we were anticipating N/V such as seen with a cancer patient

Answer 3

benzodiazepines

Question 4

what emesis drug do you want to be careful with due to QT prolongation

Answer 4

ondansetron

Question 5

what is more effective an antihistamine (benedryl) or a drug like scopolamine

Answer 5

scopolamine

Question 6

how is scopolamine most effective

Answer 6

prophylactically

Question 7

Substance P (Apretitant) is used as a N/V drug, what would want to teach out patient about the drug

Answer 7

makes oral contraceptives lesss effective

Question 8

what glucocorticoid can help with N/V

Answer 8

dexamethasone

one time dose

Question 9

what pathway does ondansetron affect

Answer 9

CTZ pathway

a serotonin antagonist

Question 10

what affects the medication dosing of a neonate

Answer 10

immature BBB, kidneys, and CYP450 systems

Question 11

what is the main drug used as an anti fungal

Answer 11

amphotericin B

Question 12

how does amphotericiin B work

Answer 12

by binding to the fungal cell membrane it is then able to destroy it

Question 13

what drug is an A1 receptor agonist that then causes relflex bradycardia

Answer 13

phenylephrine

Question 14

why are PBP important

Answer 14

they bind the antibiotic and drug that allows for the disruption of the cell wall

Question 15

what drugs use the PBP

Answer 15

pencillins

cephlasporins

Question 16

what is the connection between MRSA and PBP

Answer 16

it is a staph aureus infection that is resistant to all beta lactic antibiotics
the PBP has a low affinity for antibiotics

Question 17

what is the antidote for a Tylenol overdose (remember this is acetominabphin)

Answer 17

acetylcysteine

Question 18

can Tylenol cause platelet aggregation

Answer 18

No! Tylenol will not suppress platelet aggregation

Question 19

why do we not want to use COX inhibitors for long time

Answer 19

can lead to ulcers and bleeding

Question 20

what is the drug for T4?

Answer 20

levothyroixine

Question 21

if someone is hyper-thyroid (too much T3 and T4)

Answer 21

then they are sensitive to heat and have tachycardia

Question 22

what are glucosamine and chondroitin

Answer 22

they are supplements used that are like collagen

Question 23

what are the adverse effects of glucosamine and chondroitin

Answer 23

nausea / heartburn and possible bleeding risk

Question 24

what is saw palmetto

Answer 24

a supplement
used in terms of BPH
with an unclear MOA

Question 25

when would you prescribe progestin only OC

Answer 25

thinking about thromboembolic events | thinking about if the patient is breastfeeding

Question 26

what drugs am I going to use to halt labor

Answer 26

terbutaline indomethacin nifedipine magnesium sulfate

Question 27

what type of drug is nifedipine

Answer 27

a CCB di - CCB so this means it only affects the smooth muscle

Question 28

what type of drug is terbutaline

Answer 28

a beta 2 agonist = relaxes the uterus

Question 29

what are the s/s of propofol infusion syndrome

Answer 29

can lead to metabolic acidosis, cardiac failure, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis fatal possibly!!!

Question 30

what is rhabdomyolysis

Answer 30

muscle breakdown that leads to toxic protein in the blood

Question 31

what is alosetron

Answer 31

a drug used for IBS in women

Question 32

what drug is used for cerrvical ripening?

Answer 32

prostaglandin

Question 33

what drugs are used for PP hemorrhage

Answer 33

piton hemabate = no asthma !!! methergine = no HTN ppl!!! cyctotec = rectally

Question 34

what route of testosterone replacement therapy are hepatotoxic

Answer 34

PO

Question 35

what vitamin does warfarin deal with

Answer 35

vitamin k

Question 36

can you give warfarin to a pregnant women

Answer 36

NO

Question 37

can you give heparin to a pregnant women

Answer 37

YES

Question 38

what is the nonselective COX inhibitor

Answer 38

aspirin

Question 39

what are the AE of loop diuretics

Answer 39

``` dehydration hypokalemia hypoatremia ototoxicity HTN ```

Question 40

if you have too much sugar = thinking about DKA or hyperglycemia what fluid type would you infuse

Answer 40

hypotonic = want to pull it out

Question 41

when can you use colchicine

Answer 41

thinking about gout treatment | short and long term

Question 42

what do you do if your patient develops a dry cough when on an ACE inhibitor

Answer 42

ARB

Question 43

what is meant by small Vd

Answer 43

drug is mostly in the vasculature and it is not widely distributed

Question 44

list the anti-emetics that block the CTZ

Answer 44

serotonin antagonists substance P dopamine antagonists Benzes

Question 45

what is meant by large Vd

Answer 45

the drug is distributed outside of the vasculature

Question 46

what are the adverse effects of cephalosporins

Answer 46

they work similarly to pencilling so can have allergic rxn disulfiram like reaction --> avoid alcohol!!!!

Question 47

how is Vd going to be impacted

Answer 47

think capillary systems polarity of molecules protein binding

Question 48

what would a CYP450 drug do to drug metabolism

Answer 48

increase drug toxicity | think grapefruit juice

Question 49

TI means

Answer 49

therapeutic index usually takes 4 half life to meet if no time ? bolus dose

Question 50

what are examples of osmotic laxatives

Answer 50

softens and enlarges the feces any magnesium drug miralax lactulose

Question 51

what do we know about ester

Answer 51

- higher risk of allergic rxn | -

Question 52

local anesthetics what does toxicity normally look like

Answer 52

contraindications = allergic rxn then usually CNS and CV you get excited and then you get depressed

Question 53

Amides

Answer 53

hepatic enzymes lidocaine topical anesthetic

Question 54

overuse of lidocaine?

Answer 54

can lead to systemic effects

Question 55

iv anestehtics

Answer 55

ketamine propofol benzo

Question 56

what is special about Benzos

Answer 56

ceiling effect = cuts it off certain point

Question 57

what is special about ketamine

Answer 57

hallucinogenic

Question 58

what is special about propofol

Answer 58

``` infusion syndrome = happens from a long term high dose monitor CK labs hypotension Bradycardia CNS depression ```

Question 59

chronic opioid use what do I never build tolerance too

Answer 59

constipation | meiosis

Question 60

what is naloxone

Answer 60

short half life | opioid antagonists

Question 61

methadone

Answer 61

long half life need to check their heart before administration helps with withdrawal from opioids

Question 62

meperidine special considerations

Answer 62

releases toxic metabolite only can give for 48 hours need to monitor

Question 63

what is different about codeine

Answer 63

need specific gene to metabolize into morphine | cough suppressant

Question 64

when giving halperidol what do you need to monitor

Answer 64

a sedative first generation antipsychotic need to check QT

Question 65

Parkinsons disease = what going on

Answer 65

dopamine

Question 66

Two major AE of L- Dopa

Answer 66

orthostatic hypotension | dyskineaseas

Question 67

What about Alziemhers

Answer 67

ACH is too low = preserve what you have left | what neurons will these work on = healthy ones

Question 68

what about MS and txn

Answer 68

immunomodulators and immunosuppressants used for treatment immunomodulators perfered

Question 69

Live vaccine

Answer 69

varicella roto (PO) MMR polio (PO)