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Pharm Final > final review need to knows > Flashcards

final review need to knows Flashcards

1
Q

how can we stop emesis

A
  1. neural transmission to ears

2. the chemoreceptors in the stomach

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2
Q

when thinking about the inner ears that to drug classes can work in the inner ear route

A
  1. scopolamine (the patch)

2. antihistamine = benedryl

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3
Q

what would we use if we were anticipating N/V such as seen with a cancer patient

A

benzodiazepines

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4
Q

what emesis drug do you want to be careful with due to QT prolongation

A

ondansetron

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5
Q

what is more effective an antihistamine (benedryl) or a drug like scopolamine

A

scopolamine

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6
Q

how is scopolamine most effective

A

prophylactically

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7
Q

Substance P (Apretitant) is used as a N/V drug, what would want to teach out patient about the drug

A

makes oral contraceptives lesss effective

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8
Q

what glucocorticoid can help with N/V

A

dexamethasone

one time dose

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9
Q

what pathway does ondansetron affect

A

CTZ pathway

a serotonin antagonist

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10
Q

what affects the medication dosing of a neonate

A

immature BBB, kidneys, and CYP450 systems

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11
Q

what is the main drug used as an anti fungal

A

amphotericin B

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12
Q

how does amphotericiin B work

A

by binding to the fungal cell membrane it is then able to destroy it

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13
Q

what drug is an A1 receptor agonist that then causes relflex bradycardia

A

phenylephrine

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14
Q

why are PBP important

A

they bind the antibiotic and drug that allows for the disruption of the cell wall

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15
Q

what drugs use the PBP

A

pencillins

cephlasporins

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16
Q

what is the connection between MRSA and PBP

A

it is a staph aureus infection that is resistant to all beta lactic antibiotics
the PBP has a low affinity for antibiotics

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17
Q

what is the antidote for a Tylenol overdose (remember this is acetominabphin)

A

acetylcysteine

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18
Q

can Tylenol cause platelet aggregation

A

No! Tylenol will not suppress platelet aggregation

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19
Q

why do we not want to use COX inhibitors for long time

A

can lead to ulcers and bleeding

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20
Q

what is the drug for T4?

A

levothyroixine

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21
Q

if someone is hyper-thyroid (too much T3 and T4)

A

then they are sensitive to heat and have tachycardia

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22
Q

what are glucosamine and chondroitin

A

they are supplements used that are like collagen

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23
Q

what are the adverse effects of glucosamine and chondroitin

A

nausea / heartburn and possible bleeding risk

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24
Q

what is saw palmetto

A

a supplement
used in terms of BPH
with an unclear MOA

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25
Q

when would you prescribe progestin only OC

A

thinking about thromboembolic events

thinking about if the patient is breastfeeding

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26
Q

what drugs am I going to use to halt labor

A

terbutaline
indomethacin
nifedipine
magnesium sulfate

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27
Q

what type of drug is nifedipine

A

a CCB
di - CCB
so this means it only affects the smooth muscle

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28
Q

what type of drug is terbutaline

A

a beta 2 agonist = relaxes the uterus

29
Q

what are the s/s of propofol infusion syndrome

A

can lead to metabolic acidosis, cardiac failure, renal failure, rhabdomyolysis

fatal possibly!!!

30
Q

what is rhabdomyolysis

A

muscle breakdown that leads to toxic protein in the blood

31
Q

what is alosetron

A

a drug used for IBS in women

32
Q

what drug is used for cerrvical ripening?

A

prostaglandin

33
Q

what drugs are used for PP hemorrhage

A

piton
hemabate = no asthma !!!
methergine = no HTN ppl!!!
cyctotec = rectally

34
Q

what route of testosterone replacement therapy are hepatotoxic

A

PO

35
Q

what vitamin does warfarin deal with

A

vitamin k

36
Q

can you give warfarin to a pregnant women

A

NO

37
Q

can you give heparin to a pregnant women

A

YES

38
Q

what is the nonselective COX inhibitor

A

aspirin

39
Q

what are the AE of loop diuretics

A 
dehydration 
hypokalemia 
hypoatremia 
ototoxicity 
HTN
40
Q

if you have too much sugar = thinking about DKA or hyperglycemia what fluid type would you infuse

A

hypotonic = want to pull it out

41
Q

when can you use colchicine

A

thinking about gout treatment

short and long term

42
Q

what do you do if your patient develops a dry cough when on an ACE inhibitor

A

ARB

43
Q

what is meant by small Vd

A

drug is mostly in the vasculature and it is not widely distributed

44
Q

list the anti-emetics that block the CTZ

A

serotonin antagonists
substance P
dopamine antagonists
Benzes

45
Q

what is meant by large Vd

A

the drug is distributed outside of the vasculature

46
Q

what are the adverse effects of cephalosporins

A

they work similarly to pencilling so can have allergic rxn

disulfiram like reaction –> avoid alcohol!!!!

47
Q

how is Vd going to be impacted

A

think capillary systems
polarity of molecules
protein binding

48
Q

what would a CYP450 drug do to drug metabolism

A

increase drug toxicity

think grapefruit juice

49
Q

TI means

A

therapeutic index
usually takes 4 half life to meet
if no time ? bolus dose

50
Q

what are examples of osmotic laxatives

A

softens and enlarges the feces
any magnesium drug
miralax
lactulose

51
Q

what do we know about ester

A
  • higher risk of allergic rxn

-

52
Q

local anesthetics what does toxicity normally look like

A

contraindications = allergic rxn
then usually CNS and CV
you get excited and then you get depressed

53
Q

Amides

A

hepatic enzymes
lidocaine
topical anesthetic

54
Q

overuse of lidocaine?

A

can lead to systemic effects

55
Q

iv anestehtics

A

ketamine
propofol
benzo

56
Q

what is special about Benzos

A

ceiling effect = cuts it off certain point

57
Q

what is special about ketamine

A

hallucinogenic

58
Q

what is special about propofol

A 
infusion syndrome = happens from a long term high dose
monitor CK labs 
hypotension 
Bradycardia 
CNS depression
59
Q

chronic opioid use what do I never build tolerance too

A

constipation

meiosis

60
Q

what is naloxone

A

short half life

opioid antagonists

61
Q

methadone

A

long half life
need to check their heart before administration
helps with withdrawal from opioids

62
Q

meperidine special considerations

A

releases toxic metabolite
only can give for 48 hours
need to monitor

63
Q

what is different about codeine

A

need specific gene to metabolize into morphine

cough suppressant

64
Q

when giving halperidol what do you need to monitor

A

a sedative
first generation antipsychotic
need to check QT

65
Q

Parkinsons disease = what going on

A

dopamine

66
Q

Two major AE of L- Dopa

A

orthostatic hypotension

dyskineaseas

67
Q

What about Alziemhers

A

ACH is too low = preserve what you have left

what neurons will these work on = healthy ones

68
Q

what about MS and txn

A

immunomodulators and immunosuppressants used for treatment

immunomodulators perfered

69
Q

Live vaccine

A

varicella
roto (PO)
MMR
polio (PO)

Pharm Final (2 decks)

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