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Final review flash Flashcards

Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Musculoskeletal

1
Q
  1. What is a nitrate (nitroglycerin):
A
  • Vasodilator
  • Decrease BP
  • Chest pain
  • Side effect: headache
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2
Q
  1. Spironolactone:
A
  • Potassium sparing diuretic
  • Used for heart failure patients
  • Causes hypercalcemia
  • Watch potassium and kidney function
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3
Q
  1. Patient teaching on antihypertensive
A
  • Change positions slowly
  • Dangle before getting out of bed
  • Decrease sodium intake
  • Watch blood pressure
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4
Q
  1. Which medications help lower blood pressure:
A
  • Diuretics and antihypertensive medications
    o Prescribed at the same time
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5
Q
  1. What’s warfarin:
A
  • Blood thinner
  • Assess for signs of bleeding
  • Labs: Pt, INR
  • Antidote: Vitamin K
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6
Q
  1. Symptoms of digoxin toxicity:
A
  • Blurred vision
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Check dig levels
  • Increase potassium increases dig toxicity
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7
Q
  1. Why check BNP:
A
  • Heart failure
  • > 200= HF
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8
Q
  1. Signs of Heart failure:
A
  • Fluid overload
  • Edema
  • Crackles
  • SOB
  • JVD
  • Ascites
  • Orthopnea
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9
Q
  1. Parts of the EKG waveforms:
A
  • Atrial contraction: P wave
  • Vent contraction: QRS complex
  • Vent repolarization: T wave
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10
Q
  1. Patient has T wave changes:
A
  • Electrolyte panel
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Heart attack
    • Priority patient*
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11
Q
  1. What are concerning assessment findings after fluid has been drained:
A
  • Fluid volume shifts
  • Fluid is drained too quickly
  • Watch decreased in Blood pressure and increase in heart rate
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12
Q
  1. Auscultating patient with heart mummer:
A
  • Valve issue
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13
Q
  1. Patient is down or coded:
A
  • Assess the patient
  • Check pulse
  • Make sure it’s VFib before you shock
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14
Q

Rheumatoid carditis:

A
  • Strep in the past
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15
Q
  1. Risk factors for heart failure:
A
  • Most common: Hypertension
  • African American males
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Family history of heart disease
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16
Q
  1. Defib safety:
A
  • Pads in the right spot
  • Clear before shocking
  • Safe area and a dry area
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17
Q
  1. Patient cardiac Cath education:
A
  • Npo
  • What the procedure is
  • Allergies: iodine
  • Expect lying flat for long time
  • Watch for signs of bleeding
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18
Q
  1. Tell tell sign for triple A’s:
A
  • Pulsating mass in the abdomen
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19
Q
  1. Loop diuretic labs:
A
  • Potassium
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20
Q
  1. Medications with MI:
A
  • Aspirin and clopidogrel
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21
Q
  1. Difference between Heparin and Lovenox:
A
  • Hep: appt, pt
  • Lovenox: don’t have to get lab work as often
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22
Q
  1. Thrombolytic therapy TPA:
A
  • Don’t give to trauma patients they are already bleeding or at great risk for bleeding
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23
Q
  1. What do you take iron with:
A
  • Take with vitamin C
  • Do not take with dairy
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24
Q
  1. Hypertension lifestyle changes:
A
  • Diet and exercise
  • Decrease sodium
  • Smoking cessation
  • Decrease alcohol
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25
Q
  1. Side effects of chemo and radiation:
A
  • Burns
  • Immunocompromised
  • Anemia and decrease platelet count
  • Weak and tired
  • Nausea and vomiting
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26
Q
  1. Signs of bleeding:
A
  • Blood in urine
  • Petechiae
  • Blood when brushing teeth
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27
Q
  1. Diet restrictions on warfarin:
A
  • Do not eat leafy greens because it has vitamin K in it
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28
Q
  1. Warfarin and Eliquis:
A
  • Warfarin tons of lab draw
  • Warfarin doesn’t play well with other medications
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29
Q
  1. Assessment findings for acute MI:
A
  • Pale
  • Diaphoretic
  • Anxious
  • SOB
  • Nausea
  • Cheat pain
  • Pulseless
30
Q
  1. Priority:
31
Q
  1. Heparin Dosage
32
Q
  1. Lymphoma biggest sign:
A
  • Swollen lymph nodes
33
Q
  1. Sickle cell anemia:
A
  • Pain
  • Oxygen: priority
  • Hydration
  • Increase infection and dehydration
34
Q
  1. Blood transfusions:
A
  • Consent
  • Check and screen
  • Vitals
  • Stay with the patient for the first 15 minutes
35
Q
  1. Signs of transfusion circulator associated infection:
A
  • Shortness of breath
  • CHF patients
  • Increase heart rate and decrease o2
  • Stop transfusion
  • Call doctor
36
Q
  1. Chest pain labs:
A
  • Heparin
  • d Dimer
  • BNP
37
Q
  1. Why don’t you use creatine kinase for chest pain:
A
  • Works on muscles in general, doesn’t target just the heart muscle
38
Q
  1. COPD teaching:
A
  • Hydration
  • O2 safety
  • No smoking
  • Watch o2 cord, fall prevention
  • Skin protection
  • Storage
39
Q
  1. COPD meds:
A
  • albuterol inhaler
  • steroids
  • Patients need to have:
    o First action plan
    o Maintenance plan
40
Q
  1. Epinephrine:
A
  • Vasoconstrictor
  • Bronchodilator
41
Q
  1. Education when taking an albuterol inhaler:
A
  • Rinse mouth with water after each use
42
Q
  1. Who is at an increased risk for respiratory disorders:
A
  • Patients with asthma
  • Allergies
  • Family history of COPD or cystic fibrosis
43
Q
  1. Who is at risk for respiratory issues:
A
  • Occupation
  • Where they live
  • Do they smoke, if so, how many
  • Social activities
44
Q
  1. Who is at risk for aspiration:
A
  • Swallowing difficulty patients
  • Cancer patients
  • Quadriplegic
45
Q
  1. Nasal fracture:
A
  • Assess the airway for obstruction and excessive bleeding
46
Q
  1. Chest tubes:
A
  • Sterile water: if becomes dislodged from tower
  • Gauze and tape on three sides: dislodged from patient
47
Q
  1. Signs and symptoms of lung cancer:
A
  • Blood-tinged sputum
  • Unplanned weight loss
  • SOB
  • Persistent cough
  • Hoarseness in voice
48
Q

Patient has thick secretions they can’t clear

A
  • Hydration
  • Mucinex
  • Humidifier on o2
  • Percussion therapy
49
Q
  1. Dosage
50
Q
  1. ABG
A

ph: 7.35(A)-7.45(B)
PaC02: 35(B)-45(A)
HC03: 22(A)-26(B)

51
Q
  1. What does a patient look like when they are struggling to breathe:
A
  • Cyanotic
  • Using accessory muscles
  • Nasal flaring
52
Q
  1. Allergic to penicillin:
A
  • Also don’t give cephalosporin
53
Q
  1. Side effects with mycins:
A
  • Ototoxicity
  • Renal problems
  • Measure peaks and troth levels
54
Q
  1. Rifampin TB medication:
A
  • Everything turns orange
  • Do not wear contacts
55
Q
  1. What to consider with a new trach or laryngectomy patient:
A
  • Communication methods
56
Q
  1. COPD classic position:
A
  • Tripod position
57
Q
  1. Trach care and suctioning signs of decline
A
  • DE stating o2
  • Increase heart rate
  • You need to stop and hyper oxygenate the patient
58
Q
  1. Risk factors for sleep apnea:
A
  • Obesity
  • Thick neck
  • Uvula and adenoids enlargement
59
Q
  1. Complications of new trach or chest tube patients:
A
  • Subcutaneous emphysema
60
Q
  1. Allopurinol:
A
  • Used for gout
  • Annual eye exam
61
Q
  1. Pain medications cause:
A
  • Respiratory depression
62
Q
  1. Tylenol watch for what:
A
  • Liver
  • You will need to check the pts liver enzymes
63
Q
  1. Plantar fasciitis:
A
  • Pain in the bottom of the feet due to overuse
64
Q
  1. Risk factors with osteoporosis:
A
  • Low vitamin D
  • Low calcium
  • Post menopausal women
  • Steroids long term uses
  • Inactivity
  • Caffeine
  • Alcohol
  • Smoking
65
Q
  1. Amputation patients when reporting pain:
A
  • Assess the patient first
66
Q
  1. How to walk with a cane:
A
  • Use on your strong side
67
Q
  1. Femur fracture:
A
  • Fatty embolism
    o Chest pain
    o Petechiae
    o ABC’s
68
Q
  1. Where is gout usually found:
A
  • In the big toe
69
Q
  1. Osteomyelitis:
A
  • Antibiotics are long term
  • PICC are usually placed
70
Q
  1. MRI safety:
A
  • No implanted devices

Level 3 final (1 decks)

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