final review chapters 12-15 Flashcards
Nuremberg code
Policy adopted by the U.S department of defense in 1953 under which research subjects have to be informed that participation is voluntary and be provided with infraction about the nature, duration and purpose of the research ( happened after countless cases were slaves were part of experiment without consent )
life course perspective
a framework used to explain how health outcomes change over the life course
cumulative disadvantages perspective
a framework used to explain the increasing divergence between black and white health outcomes that focuses on how disadvantages accumulate over the life course(focuses on the fact that many health conditions are related to stressors that accumulate over the life course)
weathering hypothesis
a framework used to explain the increasing divergence between black and white health outcomes that focuses on how constant exposure to stress accelerates health decline for blacks (according to this perspective black Americans age more quickly than whites because of the social, economic and environmental conditions they face such as food quality, discrimination, financial stress, etc )
hispanic paradox
the observation that even tho latinos have on average a lower socioeconomic status than whites, they have comparable health compared to whites (a lot of this is based on hispanic immigrants rather than native born hispanic Americans, this can be because they still have Mexican customs in their head or just simply dont know unhealthy American customs, also the way they were raised Mexican immigrants were around Mexicans were as Mexican americas were with Americans took time to learn customs and even face more discrimination on a daily bases from an early age( immigrants tend to have worse health outcomes the longer they stay in the us))
acculturation
a process by which immigrants adopt the behaviors and preference of the host society (more acculturates latinos were more likely to go to the dr, get preventative care, screened for cancer and have health insurance) Overall the researchers found that acculturation has negative effects in terms of health behaviors but positive effects in terms of health care usage and access/
environmental racism
institutional polices and practices that differentially affect the health outcomes or living conditions of people and communities based on race or color( poc communities have less access to fresh produce, parks, jogging trails healthy foods and also more likely to live close to places that can directly damage their health such as toxic waste dumps, highly polluted freeways etc)
environmental justice
efforts to ensure the right to live in nontoxic neighborhoods regardless of race ( fight for the creation of parks and open spaces to clean up toxic waste producers… help blacks in the fight for lead screening, chicanos and filipino against the use of pesticides in agriculture and native Americans battle for fishing rights)
nativism
the presumed superiority of the native born citizens favoring allocation of resources to them over immigrants and promoting a fear of foreign cultures
oriental exclusion act
in 1924 legislation that expanded the Chinese exclusion act and prohibited most immigration from Asia to the United States (made to improve racial stock of the United States)
legal permanent resident
a foreign national who is granted the right to remain in the Unites States and who will be eligible for naturalization after a period of three to five Years
bracero program
a US government program that brought in temporary workers from Mexico between 1942 and 1964 (used to Meet labor shortages caused by wwII 4.6 million bracero came to work agriculture in the United States, people still came illegally to work in fields )
operation wetback
massive roundups of Mexicans by the US border patrol from 1950 to 1954 (one example of this was on July 30 1952 when 100 border patrol agents arrested 5000 Mexicans and deported them back to Mexico ….raids like these spread fear in Mexican communities )
McCarran Internal Security act
a 1950 US law designed to combat communism. It required members of the communist party in the United States to register with the federal government and it allowed for the decoration of foreign national who were members of the communist party
1965 Immigration and nationality act
legislation that put an end to the racially biased quotas set forth in the 1924 oriental exclusion act and the immigration act of 1924 it set a universal quota of 20,000 immigrants for every country in the world (had two main consequences, it increased immigration from Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean and it increased undocumented immigration from Mexico)
1986 immigration reform and control act (irca)
a series of immigration provisions that 1. offered a legalization option for undocumented workers living in the United States and 2. imposed sanctions on employers who hired undocumented workers (this later invoked racialized sentiments about Mexicans taking jobs from Americans, overusing welfare, and refusing to assimilate, despite evidence to the contrary)
prop 187
a ballot in California that would deny social services and educational opportunities to the undocumented (1990s, criminalized undocumented immigrants and radicalized undocumented immigrants as Mexican…in 1994 prop 187 was passed as 60 percent of cali voted in favor of however this bill was no implemented as it found to be unconstitutional in 1997 )
Personal Responsibly and work opportunity act (PRWORA)
1996 Legislation that denied government services and benefits to legally present migrants ( happened after the fail of prop 187, undocumented migrants were never even eligable for welfare services such as cash benefits Medicaid food stamps or public housing, these were just myths. this extended to legally present immigrants and it denied benefits to legally present migrants for at least the first five years of their stay in the United States)
anti- terrorism and effective health penalty act (AEDPA)
1996 legislation that amount other provisions limited judicial review of some deportation orders and required mandatory detention for many non citizens
illegal immigration reform and immigrant responsibility act (IIIRIRA)
a 1996 legislation under which legal permanent residents face mandatory deportation if they are convicted of aggravated felonies (these cases do not require judicial review..the people do not have the right to have a judge hear the specifics of the case, any legal permanent resident charged with a crime at any time during their stay and be subject to deportation)
racial justice
the creation of a society devoid of racial oppression, involves the eradication of white supremacy ( no correct answer looks different depending on values and perspective )
recognition
the first of Yamamotos four dimensions of racial justice : recognizing the harms created by racism (essential because it allowed us to reflect on the gravity of racial harms, permits everyone to see.
responsibly
the second of Yamamotos four dimensions of racial justice: acknowledging that someone is responsible for the harms inflicted on racal groups ( often comes up with regard to slavery, who was responsible? individual slaveowners? their descendants? all whites? us government?)
reconstruction
the thirst of Yamamotos four dimensions of racial justice: acting on the knowledge that harm has been inflicted on racial groups (once you recognize that harm has been done and figure out who should be held responsible, it is necessary to take action)
