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Pharmacology > Final Review Blocks 1-3 > Flashcards

Final Review Blocks 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Mixed Agonist (Adrenergic)

  • A1, A2, and B1
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2
Q

Epinephrine

A

Mixed Agonist (Adrenergic)

  • A1, A2, B1, B2
  • low doses = B1 and B2, high doses = A1
  • treat acute anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest
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3
Q

Cocaine

A

NET, DAT, SERT Inhibitor (Adrenergic)

  • vasoconstriction, MI, stroke, death
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4
Q

Methylphenidate

A

NET, DAT Inhibitor (Adrenergic)

  • ADHD and narcolepsy tx
  • anorexia, jitters, poor growth, priapism
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5
Q

Atomoxetine

A

NET Inhibitor (Adrenergic)

  • ADHD tx
  • low abuse potential because non-stimulant
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6
Q

Ephedrine / Pseudoephedrine

A

Indirect Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic)

  • increase BP and HR
  • don’t use with MAOi
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7
Q

Amphetamine / Methamphetamine

A

Indirect Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic)

  • 1st line for ADHD in low doses
  • jitters, poor growth, anorexia, addictive
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8
Q

Phenylephrine

A

A1 Agonist (Adrenergic)

  • vasoconstriction
  • used for decongestant, hemorrhoids, mydriasis
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9
Q

Clonidine

A

A2 Agonist (Adrenergic)

  • treat HTN, ADHD, neuropathic pain
  • causes hypotension, sedation, dry mouth
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10
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Nonselective Alpha Antagonist (Adrenergic)

  • non-competitive and irreversible
  • A1 and A2 antagonist
  • pheochromocytoma tx
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11
Q

Phentolamine

A

Nonselective Alpha Antagonist (Adrenergic)

  • competitive and reversible
  • A1 and A2 antagonist
  • pheochromocytoma tx
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12
Q

Prazosin

A

A1 Antagonist (Adrenergic)

  • decreases peripheral vascular resistance
  • treats HTN, BPH, Raynaud’s
  • “first dose phenomenon” = hypotension and syncope with first dose
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13
Q

Tamsulosin

A

A1 Antagonist (Adrenergic)

  • decreases peripheral vascular resistance, more selective for prostatic urethra
  • treats BPH primarily
  • “first dose phenomenon” = hypotension and syncope with first dose
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14
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1 Agonist (Adrenergic)

  • cardiac stimulation and renin release
  • used for cardiac failure
  • dysrhythmias
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15
Q

Albuterol

A

B2 Agonist (Adrenergic)

  • Short acting
  • Asthma and COPD tx
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16
Q

Terbutaline

A

B2 Agonist (Adrenergic)

  • Short acting
  • Asthma and COPD tx
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17
Q

Salmeterol

A

B2 Agonist (Adrenergic)

  • long acting
  • persistent asthma and COPD
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18
Q

Mirabegron

A

B3 Agonist (Adrenergic)

  • OAB tx
  • slow onset, can cause HTN
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19
Q

Esmolol

A

B1 Selective Antagonist (Adrenergic)

  • tx for HTN, angina, arrhythmia, ischemia
  • also used for intraoperative HTN
  • rebound HTN = taper dose
  • bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, CNS effects
  • short half life
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20
Q

Metoprolol

A

B1 Selective Antagonist (Adrenergic)

  • tx for HTN, angina, arrhythmia, ischemia
  • also used for intraoperative HTN
  • rebound HTN = taper dose
  • bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, CNS effects
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21
Q

Propanolol

A

B1/B2 Nonselective Antagonist (Adrenergic)

  • tx for HTN, angina, arrhythmia, ischemia
  • migraine prophylaxis
  • caution with asthma due to B2 effects
  • rebound HTN = taper dose
  • bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, CNS effects
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22
Q

Timolol

A

B1/B2 Nonselective Antagonist (Adrenergic)

  • decreases aqueous humor production and reduces intraocular pressure
  • bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, CNS effects
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23
Q

Labetalol

A

A/B Nonselective Antagonist (Adrenergic)

  • Mostly B1 and B2 antagonism with some A1
  • HTN tx and for Hypertensive Emergency
  • rebound HTN = taper dose
  • bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, CNS effects
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24
Q

Carvedilol

A

A/B Nonselective Antagonist (Adrenergic)

  • 10:1 B1 and B2 to A1 antagonism
  • HTN, HF
  • rebound HTN = taper dose
  • bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, CNS effects
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25
Q

Methacholine

A

Muscarinic Agonist (Cholinergic)

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26
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic Agonist (Cholinergic)

  • open angle glaucoma tx
  • DUMBBELS
  • sweating
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27
Q

Bethanecol

A

Muscarinic Agonist (Cholinergic)

  • GI stimulation / inactive bowel
  • urinary retention tx
  • DUMBBELS and sweating
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28
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic Antagonist (Cholinergic)

  • mydriasis tx
  • antidote for muscarinic toxicity, can cross BBB
  • DUMBBELS and sweating
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29
Q

Scopolamine

A

Muscarinic Antagonist (Cholinergic)

  • motion sickness tx
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30
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic Antagonist (Cholinergic)

  • asthma and COPD tx
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31
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Muscarinic Antagonist (Cholinergic)

  • used prep to decrease secretions and gastric acidity
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32
Q

Darifenacin

A

Muscarinic Antagonist (Cholinergic)

  • M3 selective antagonist
  • treats OAB
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33
Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic Antagonist (Cholinergic)

  • PSNS symptoms, including confusion
  • AVOID IN ELDERLY AND COGNITIVELY IMPAIRED
  • can treat Parkinson’s and extrapyramidal symptoms
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34
Q

Nicotine

A

Nicotinic Agent (Cholinergic)

  • used for smoking cessation
  • can develop tolerance or dependence
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35
Q

Varenicline

A

Nicotinic Agent (Cholinergic)

  • partial agonist for smoking cessation
  • can cause depression and suicidal ideation
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36
Q

Rocuronium

A

Nicotinic NMJ Antagonist (Cholinergic)

  • skeletal muscle relaxer, useful in intubation
  • prolonged paralysis can occur
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37
Q

Succinylcholine

A

Depolarizing NMJ Blockade (Cholinergic)

  • activates nicotinic receptor before blocking it
  • skeletal muscle relaxation during anesthesia, useful for intubation
  • muscle soreness (potential hyperkalemia), malignant hypothermia
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38
Q

Donepezil

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Cholinergic)

  • used for Alzheimer’s, improves cognition
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39
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Cholinergic)

  • reversible carbamate substrate
  • does NOT cross BBB
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40
Q

Neostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Cholinergic)

  • reversible carbamate substrate
  • does NOT cross BBB
  • causes contraction of denervated skeletal muscle
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41
Q

Physostigmine

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Cholinergic)

  • Readily crosses the BBB
  • DUMBBELS side effects
  • can treat atropine overdose
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42
Q

Edrophonium

A

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor (Cholinergic)

  • reversible substrate
  • very short acting, used for myasthenia gravis
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43
Q

Pralidoxome (2-PAM)

A

Acetylcholinesterase Poisoning Antidote (Cholinergic)

  • does not cross BBB
  • treats organophosphate toxicity, reverses NMJ blockade paralysis
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44
Q

Atropine

A

Acetylcholinesterase Poisoning Antidote (Cholinergic)

  • Crosses BBB
  • treats organophosphate toxicity, reverses NMJ blockade paralysis
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45
Q

Sarin

A

Toxic Organophosphate (Cholinergic)

  • nerve gas
  • DUMBBELS
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46
Q

Malathion

A

Toxic Organophosphate (Cholinergic)

  • insecticide
  • DUMBBELS
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47
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant

  • NET / SERT inhibitor
  • also blocks muscarinic, A1, A2
  • Causes coma, cardio toxicity, convulsions (3 Cs)
  • sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome with MAOi
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48
Q

Nortriptyline

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant

  • Primarily NET inhibitor
  • also blocks muscarinic, A1, A2
  • Causes coma, cardio toxicity, convulsions (3 Cs)
  • sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome with MAOi
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49
Q

Imipramine

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant

  • NET / SERT inhibitor
  • also blocks muscarinic, A1, A2
  • Causes coma, cardio toxicity, convulsions (3 Cs)
  • sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome with MAOi
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50
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI

  • can cause GI issues, CNS issues, sexual dysfunction
  • can precipitate mania in bipolar pt
  • SSRI withdrawal: FLUSH
  • risk of serotonin syndrome with MAOi
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51
Q

Citalopram

A

SSRI

  • can cause GI issues, CNS issues, sexual dysfunction
  • can precipitate mania in bipolar pt
  • SSRI withdrawal: FLUSH
  • risk of serotonin syndrome with MAOi
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52
Q

Fluoxetine

A

SSRI

  • can cause GI issues, CNS issues, sexual dysfunction
  • can precipitate mania in bipolar pt
  • SSRI withdrawal: FLUSH
  • risk of serotonin syndrome with MAOi
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53
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI

  • can cause GI issues, CNS issues, sexual dysfunction
  • can precipitate mania in bipolar pt
  • SSRI withdrawal: FLUSH
  • risk of serotonin syndrome with MAOi
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54
Q

Escitalopram

A

SSRI

  • can cause GI issues, CNS issues, sexual dysfunction
  • can precipitate mania in bipolar pt
  • SSRI withdrawal: FLUSH
  • risk of serotonin syndrome with MAOi
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55
Q

Venlafaxine

A

SNRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine)

  • dose dependent inhibition, same side effects as SSRI
  • Low: SERT
  • Mid: SERT/NET
  • High: SERT/NET/DAT
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56
Q

Duloxetine

A

SNRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine)

  • selective NET/SERT inhibition, same side effects as SSRI
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57
Q

Bupropion

A

Atypical Antidepressant

  • weak inhibition of NET/DAT/SERT
  • nicotinic antagonist
  • NO SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
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58
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Atypical Antidepressant

  • block A adrenergic and serotonin
  • increased appetite and weight gain = GOOD FOR ELDERLY
  • NO SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
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59
Q

Trazodone

A

Serotonin Modulator

  • weak SERT inhibition
  • NO SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
  • off label treatment for insomnia
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60
Q

Vilazodone

A

Serotonin Modulator

  • partial serotonin agonist
  • insomnia side effect
  • causes sexual dysfunction
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61
Q

St. John’s Wart

A

Herbal Supplement (Antidepressant)

  • Hypericin –> MAO inhibitor
  • Hyperforin –> NET/DAT/SERT inhibitor
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62
Q

Lithium

A

Mood Stabilizer (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • not safe in pregnancy
  • needs regular renal and thyroid monitoring
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63
Q

Valproic Acid

A

Antiepileptic - Mood Stabilizer (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • prolongs Na channel inactivation and suppresses Ca influx
  • increases GABA
  • hepatotoxic
  • contraindicated in pregnancy
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64
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Antiepileptic - Mood Stabilizer (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • inhibit glutamate release
  • CAUSES STEVEN-JOHNSON RASH
  • SAFE IN PREGNANCY
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65
Q

Haloperidol

A

High Potency Typical Antipsychotic (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • blocks D2 receptors
  • frequent extrapyramidal effects, high risk of tardive dyskinesia
  • prolongs QT interval
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66
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Low Potency Typical Antipsychotic (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • also blocks muscarinic, histamine, A adrenergic receptors
  • rare extrapyrimidal effects, low risk of tardive dyskinesia
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67
Q

Clozapine

A

Atypical Antipsychotic (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • 1st line class for schizophrenia
  • block D2 and 5HT receptors
  • rare extrapyramidal effects
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68
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Atypical Antipsychotic (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • 1st line class for schizophrenia
  • block D2 and 5HT receptors
  • rare extrapyramidal effects
  • low incidence of weight gain
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69
Q

Olanzapine

A

Atypical Antipsychotic (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • 1st line class for schizophrenia
  • block D2 and 5HT receptors
  • rare extrapyramidal effects
  • SIGNIFICANT WEIGHT GAIN and sedation
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70
Q

Ziprasidone

A

Atypical Antipsychotic (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • 1st line class for schizophrenia
  • block D2 and 5HT receptors
  • rare extrapyramidal effects
  • PROLONGED QT INTERVAL
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71
Q

Quetiapine

A

Atypical Antipsychotic (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • 1st line class for schizophrenia
  • block D2 and 5HT receptors
  • rare extrapyramidal effects
  • weight gain and tachycardia
  • ABUSE POTENTIAL
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72
Q

Risperidone

A

Atypical Antipsychotic (Bipolar / Antipsychotic)

  • 1st line class for schizophrenia
  • block D2 and 5HT receptors
  • HIGHER extrapyramidal risk
  • PROLONGED QT INTERVAL
  • INCREASED PROLACTIN AND GYNECOMASTIA IN MALES
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73
Q

Midazolam

A

Short Acting Benzodiazepine (Anxiolytic)

  • positive allosteric modulator at GABAa
  • respiratory depression, impaired memory and cognitive function
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74
Q

Triazolam

A

Short Acting Benzodiazepine (Anxiolytic)

  • positive allosteric modulator at GABAa
  • respiratory depression, impaired memory and cognitive function
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75
Q

Alprazolam

A

Intermediate Acting Benzodiazepine (Anxiolytic)

  • positive allosteric modulator at GABAa
  • respiratory depression, impaired memory and cognitive function
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76
Q

Lorazepam

A

Intermediate Acting Benzodiazepine (Anxiolytic)

  • positive allosteric modulator at GABAa
  • respiratory depression, impaired memory and cognitive function
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77
Q

Clonazepam

A

Long Acting Benzodiazepine (Anxiolytic)

  • respiratory depression, impaired memory and cognitive function
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78
Q

Diazepam

A

Long Acting Benzodiazepine (Anxiolytic)

  • respiratory depression, impaired memory and cognitive function
  • treat alcohol withdrawal and bento withdrawal
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79
Q

Buspirone

A

Non-GABA Anxiolytic

  • serotonin partial agonist, D2 antagonist
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80
Q

Flumazenil

A

Non-GABA Anxiolytic

  • GABAa antagonist
  • CAN INDUCE BENZO WITHDRAWAL OR SEIZURE
  • USED FOR BENZO REVERSAL
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81
Q

Zolpidem

A

Z-Drug (Anxiolytic)

  • GABAa agonist
  • for insomnia
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82
Q

Zaleplon

A

Z-Drug (Anxiolytic)

  • GABAa positive allosteric modulator
  • for insomnia
  • causes aggression and hallucination so NO IN ELEDERLY
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83
Q

Eszoplicone

A

Z-Drug (Anxiolytic)

  • GABAa agonist
  • for insomnia, CAN BE USED LONG TERM
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84
Q

Suvorexant

A

Sleep Drug (Anxiolytic)

  • orexin antagonist
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85
Q

Doxepin

A

Sleep Drug (Anxiolytic)

  • selective H1 antagonist at low doses, 5HT and D2 at higher doses
  • don’t use with MAOi –> serotonin syndrome
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86
Q

Ramelteon

A

Sleep Drug (Anxiolytic)

  • melatonin agonist
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87
Q

Trazodone

A

Sleep Drug / Atypical Antidepressant (Anxiolytic)

  • increase serotonin, decrease histamine
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88
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Sleep Drug / Atypical Antidepressant (Anxiolytic)

  • increase serotonin, decrease histamine
  • good for elderly, hyperphagia and weight gain
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89
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

Sleep Drug / Atypical Antidepressant (Anxiolytic)

  • increase serotonin, decrease histamine
  • concern in elderly
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90
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Barbiturates (Anxiolytic)

  • long acting GABAa agonist
  • respiratory depression
  • high concentration doesn’t require GABA binding
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91
Q

Pentobarbital

A

Barbiturates (Anxiolytic)

  • short acting GABAa agonist
  • respiratory depression
  • high concentration doesn’t require GABA binding
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92
Q

Propofol

A

GABA Associated Anxiolytic

  • GABAa agonist
  • anesthetic
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93
Q

Baclofen

A

GABA Associated Anxiolytic

  • ONLY GABAb agonist
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94
Q

Chloral Hydrate

A

GABA Associated Anxiolytic

  • sedative, alleviates insomnia
  • incapacitates individuals in prison
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95
Q

Phenytoin

A

Na+ Channel Anti-Epileptic

  • arrhythmia
  • teratogenic
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96
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Na+ Channel Anti-Epileptic

  • bone marrow suppression
  • neural tube defects in pregnancy
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97
Q

Lacosamide

A

Na+ Channel Anti-Epileptic

  • well tolerated
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98
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Na+ Channel Anti-Epileptic

  • epilepsy, bipolar, or depression
  • inhibits glutamate as well
  • CAUSES STEVENS-JOHNSON RASH
  • SAFE IN PREGNANCY
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99
Q

Topiramate

A

Na+ Channel Anti-Epileptic

  • CAUSES WEIGHT LOSS
  • metabolic acidosis and cleft palate (teratogenic)
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100
Q

Ethosuximide

A

Ca2+ Channel Inhibitor Anti-Epileptic

  • very safe and effective
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101
Q

Valproic Acid

A

Ca2+ Channel Inhibitor Anti-Epileptic

  • hair loss, bruising, liver injury
  • TERATOGENIC - SPINA BIFIDA
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102
Q

Gabapentin

A

Ca2+ Channel Anti-Epileptic

  • inhibits glutamate
  • weight gain
  • can cause respiratory depression, especially with opioids or benzos
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103
Q

Diazepam
Lorazepam

A

Benzodiazepines / Anti-Epileptics

  • positive allosteric modulators at GABAa
  • for acute seizure attacks
  • can develop tolerance
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104
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Barbiturate / Anti-Epileptic

  • GABA agonist at high doses
  • 1st line for neonatal seizures
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105
Q

Levetiracetam

A

SV2A Modulator (Anti-Epileptic)

  • well tolerated broad spectrum anti-epileptic
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106
Q

Carbidopa / Levodopa

A

Dopamine Precursors (Parkinson’s)

  • L-dopa passes BBB to increase DA
  • Carbidopa reduces conversion of L-Dopa to DA
  • used for basically all Parkinson’s pts
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107
Q

Sinemet

A

Dopamine Precursors (Parkinson’s)

  • brand name for carbidopa / levodopa
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108
Q

Entacapone

A

L-Dopa/DA Degradation Inhibitor (Parkinson’s)

  • COMT inhibitor
  • causes orthostatic hypotension
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109
Q

Rasagiline

A

L-Dopa/DA Degradation Inhibitor (Parkinson’s)

  • MAO-B inhibitor
  • may be NEUROPROTECTIVE
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110
Q

Stalevo

A

L-Dopa/DA Degradation Inhibitor (Parkinson’s)

  • Entacapone + Carbidopa / Levodopa
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111
Q

Pramipexole

A

DA Receptor Agonist (Parkinson’s)

  • for younger pt, hallucinations in older pt
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112
Q

Rotigotine

A

DA Receptor Agonist (Parkinson’s)

  • once daily patch
  • can cause hyperhidrosis
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113
Q

Bromocriptine

A

DA Receptor Agonist (Parkinson’s)

  • also 5HT inhibitor and glutamate inhibitor
  • exacerbates/causes heart disease
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114
Q

Benztropine

A

Anticholinergic - ACh Inhibitor (Parkinson’s)

  • inhibits DAT and ACh (an excitatory NT)
  • can cause tachycardia or psychosis
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115
Q

Lidocaine

A

Local Anesthetic

  • Amine
  • degraded by cytochrome P450
  • hepatotoxic
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116
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Local Anesthetic

  • Amine
  • degraded by cytochrome P450
  • hepatotoxic
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117
Q

Benzocaine

A

Local Anesthetic

  • Ester
  • degraded by plasma esterases
  • more likely to cause allergic reactions
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118
Q

Cocaine

A

Local Anesthetic

  • Ester
  • degraded by plasma esterases
  • more likely to cause allergic reactions
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119
Q

Propofol

A

General Anesthetic

  • enhances GABAa receptor
  • induction and maintenance
  • antiemetic
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120
Q

Ketamine

A

General Anesthetic

  • NMDA receptor antagonist
  • AWAKE AMNESIA
  • bronchodilator that can cause bronchospasm
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121
Q

Midazolam

A

General Anesthetic

  • positive allosteric modulator at GABAa
  • shortest half life
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122
Q

Methohexital

A

General Anesthetic

  • positive allosteric modulator at GABAa
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123
Q

Etomidate

A

General Anesthetic

  • enhances GABAa
  • CARDIOSTABLE, USE IN PT AT RISK FOR HYPOTENSION
  • significant nausea and vomiting
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124
Q

Flumazenil

A

Used to shorten recovery from anesthesia with benzodiazepines

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125
Q

Isoflurane

A

General Anesthetic - Inhaled (Volatile)

  • pungent odor
  • tachycardia and malignant hypothermia
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126
Q

Sevoflurane

A

General Anesthetic - Inhaled (Volatile)

  • induction and maintenance
  • NOT IRRITATING TO AIRWAYS
  • malignant hypothermia
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127
Q

Desflurane

A

General Anesthetic - Inhaled (Volatile)

  • used to maintain anesthesia
  • NO INDUCTION DUE TO AIRWAY IRRITATION
  • tachycardia and malignant hypothermia
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128
Q

Nitrous Oxide

A

General Anesthetic - Inhaled (Volatile)

  • weak anesthetic, used as adjunct
  • can cause diffusion hypoxia, need to give 100% O2 at end of procedure
  • IMPOTENT –> MAC = 105%
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129
Q

Morphine

A

Opioid

  • Mu agonist
  • can cause respiratory depression and constipation
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130
Q

Hydromorphine

A

Morphine-Like Opioid

  • Mu agonist
  • can cause respiratory depression and constipation
  • preferred in renal pt
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131
Q

Fentanyl

A

Morphine-Like Opioid

  • Mu agonist
  • can cause respiratory depression and constipation
  • no histamine release
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132
Q

Heroin

A

Morphine-Like Opioid

  • Mu agonist
  • can cause respiratory depression and constipation
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133
Q

Codeine

A

Opioid

  • Mu agonist
  • can cause respiratory depression and constipation
  • metabolized by CYP2D6
  • no patients <18 years old
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134
Q

Oxycodone

A

Codeine-Like Opioid

  • Mu agonist
  • can cause respiratory depression and constipation
  • COMBINED WITH ACETAMINOPHEN = POSSIBLE ACETAMINOPHEN TOXICITY
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135
Q

Hydrocodone

A

Codeine-Like Opioid

  • Mu agonist
  • can cause respiratory depression and constipation
  • COMBINED WITH ACETAMINOPHEN = POSSIBLE ACETAMINOPHEN TOXICITY
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136
Q

Tramadol

A

Opioid

  • Mu agonist
  • NET/SERT inhibitor
  • LOW RISK of respiratory depression, constipation, or abuse
  • can cause serotonin syndrome
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137
Q

Pentazocine

A

Opioid

  • Kappa agonist, Mu antagonist
  • causes dysphoria, increase HR and BP
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138
Q

Methadone

A

Opioid

  • Mu agonist, NMDA antagonist, NET/DAT/SERT inhibitor
  • risk of overdose
  • prolonged QT interval and arrhythmia
139
Q

Buprenorphine

A

Opioid

140
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid Receptor Antagonist

  • IV admin
  • causes respiratory depression
  • can cause opioid relapses in higher doses
141
Q

Naltrexone

A

Opioid Receptor Antagonist

  • oral admin
  • treats chronic alcoholism
142
Q

Methylnaltrexone

A

Opioid Receptor Antagonist

  • doesn’t cross the BBB
143
Q

Pregabalin

A

Anticonvulsant / Pain Management

144
Q

Gabapentin

A

Anticonvulsant / Pain Management

145
Q

Acyclovir

A

Anti-Herpes Virus (Antiviral)

146
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Anti-Herpes Virus (Antiviral)

147
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Anti-Herpes Virus (Antiviral)

148
Q

Foscarnet

A

Anti-Herpes Virus (Antiviral)

149
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Anti-Influenza (Antiviral)

150
Q

Zanamivir

A

Anti-Influenza (Antiviral)

151
Q

Sofosbuvir

A

Anti-Hep C (Antiviral)

152
Q

Velpatasvir

A

Anti-Hep C (Antiviral)

153
Q

Remdesivir

A

Anti-Sars-CoV-2 (Antiviral)

154
Q

Nirmatrelvir / Ritonavir

A

Anti-Sars-CoV-2 (Antiviral)

155
Q

Zidovudine (AZT)

A

Anti-Retroviral (NRTI) [Antiviral]

156
Q

Abacavir (ABC)

A

Anti-Retroviral (NRTI) [Antiviral]

157
Q

Tenofovir (TDF)

A

Anti-Retroviral (NRTI) [Antiviral]

158
Q

Nevirapine

A

Anti-Retroviral (NNRTI) [Antiviral]

159
Q

Rifampicin

A

Anti-Retroviral (NNRTI) [Antiviral]

160
Q

Darunavir (DRV) + Ritonavir

A

Anti-Retroviral (Protease Inhibitor) [Antiviral]

161
Q

Dolutegravir

A

Anti-Retroviral (Integrase Inhibitor) [Antiviral]

162
Q

Penicillin G / V

A

Beta Lactam (Antibiotic)

163
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Beta Lactam (Antibiotic)

164
Q

Amoxicillin / Clavulanic Acid

A

Beta Lactam (Antibiotic)

165
Q

Cephalexin

A

Beta Lactam - Cephalosporin (Antibiotic)

166
Q

Cefazolin

A

Beta Lactam - Cephalosporin (Antibiotic)

167
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Beta Lactam - Cephalosporin (Antibiotic)

168
Q

Cefotaxime

A

Beta Lactam - Cephalosporin (Antibiotic)

169
Q

Ceftazidime

A

Beta Lactam - Cephalosporin (Antibiotic)

170
Q

Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)

A

Antifolate (Antibiotic) and Antifungal

171
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

UTI Drug (Antibiotic)

172
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone (Antibiotic)

173
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone (Antibiotic)

174
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor (Antibiotic)

175
Q

Clindamycin

A

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor (Antibiotic)

176
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide (Antibiotic)

177
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide (Antibiotic)

178
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline (Antibiotic)

179
Q

Gentamycin

A

Aminoglycoside (Antibiotic)

180
Q

Metronidazole

A

Treatment Resistant (Antibiotic)

181
Q

Vancomycin

A

Treatment Resistant (Antibiotic)

182
Q

Linezolid

A

Treatment Resistant (Antibiotic)

183
Q

Polymyxin B & E

A

Treatment Resistant (Antibiotic)

184
Q

Isoniazid

A

Treatment Resistant (Antibiotic)

185
Q

Rifampin

A

Treatment Resistant (Antibiotic)

186
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Antifungal

187
Q

Terbinafine

A

Antifungal

188
Q

Fluconazole

A

Antifungal

189
Q

Itraconazole

A

Antifungal

190
Q

Medtronidazole

A

Anti-Parasitic

191
Q

Chloroquine

A

Anti-Parasitic

192
Q

Artemether-Lemefantrine

A

Anti-Parasitic

193
Q

Artesunate

A

Anti-Parasitic

194
Q

Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine

A

Anti-Parasitic

195
Q

Sodium Stibogluconate

A

Anti-Parasitic

196
Q

Nifurtimox

A

Anti-Parasitic

197
Q

Mebendazole

A

Anti-Parasitic

198
Q

Albendazole

A

Anti-Parasitic

199
Q

Praziquantel

A

Anti-Parasitic

200
Q

Amphetamine / Methamphetamine

A

Stimulant

201
Q

Stimulant treatments

A

Benzodiazepines
Haloperidol

202
Q

Depressants

A

Benzodiazepines
GHB
Opioids
Alcohol

203
Q

Alcohol overuse treatment

A

Naltrexone

204
Q

Depressant overdose treatments

A

Flumazenil (avoid in benzos)
Naloxone
Naltrexone (alcohol)

205
Q

LSD

A

Hallucinogen

  • benzos for agitation, atypical antipsychotics for hallucination
206
Q

PCP

A

Hallucinogen

  • benzos for agitation, atypical antipsychotics for hallucination
207
Q

Ketamine

A

Hallucinogen

  • benzos for agitation, atypical antipsychotics for hallucination
208
Q

Marijuana

A

Hallucinogen

209
Q

Synthetic Cannabinoids (K2/Spice)

A

Hallucinogen

  • treat agitation or seizure with benzos
210
Q

Addiction treatments

A

Methadone (long acting agonist)
Buprenorphine (partial agonist to reduce withdrawal symptoms)

211
Q

Quinidine

A

Sodium Channel Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class 1A Antiarrhythmic

212
Q

Procainamide

A

Sodium Channel Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class 1A Antiarrhythmic

213
Q

Lidocaine

A

Sodium Channel Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class 1B Antiarrhythmic

214
Q

Flecainide

A

Sodium Channel Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class 1C Antiarrhythmic

215
Q

Propanolol

A

Beta Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class II Antiarrhythmic

216
Q

Esmolol

A

Beta Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class II Antiarrhythmic

217
Q

Metoprolol

A

Beta Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class II Antiarrhythmic

Vasodilator

218
Q

Carvedilol

A

Beta Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class II Antiarrhythmic

Vasodilator

219
Q

Amiodarone

A

Potassium Channel Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class III Antiarrhythmic

220
Q

Verapamil

A

Calcium Channel Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class IV Antiarrhythmic

(Vasodilator and HTN)

  • Non-dihydropyridine
221
Q

Diltiazem

A

Calcium Channel Blocker (Antiarrhythmic)
- Class IV Antiarrhythmic

(Vasodilator and HTN)

  • Non-dihydropyridine
222
Q

Amlodipine

A

Calcium Channel Blocker (Vasodilator)

  • Dihydropyridine
223
Q

Nifedipine

A

Calcium Channel Blocker (Vasodilator)

(HTN)

  • Dihydropyridine
224
Q

Adenosine

A

Class V Antiarrhythmic

225
Q

Nitroglycerine

A

Nitrate (Vasodilator)

226
Q

Isosorbide Dinitrate

A

Nitrate (Vasodilator)

227
Q

Sildenafil

A

PDE Type 5 Inhibitor (Vasodilator)

228
Q

Acetazolamide

A

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor (Diuretic)

229
Q

Furosemide

A

Loop Diuretic

230
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Distal Tubule Diuretic

231
Q

Amiloride

A

Sodium Channel Inhibitor (Potassium-Sparing Diuretic)

232
Q

Spirinolactone

A

Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist (Potassium-Sparing Diuretic)

233
Q

Digoxin

A

Digitalis Glycoside (Ionotropic) [Heart Failure]

234
Q

Dobutamine

A

Sympathomimetic Amine (Ionotropic) [Heart Failure]

  • for acute heart failure
235
Q

Milrinone

A

Phosphodiesterase-3 Inhibitor (Ionotropic) [Heart Failure]

  • for acute heart failure
236
Q

Captopril

A

ACE Inhibitor (Heart Failure / HTN)

237
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE Inhibitor (Heart Failure / HTN)

238
Q

Losartan

A

ARB (Heart Failure / HTN)

239
Q

Sacubitril / Valsartan

A

ARNI (Heart Failure)

240
Q

Other Drugs for Heart Failure

A

Beta blockers
- Metoprolol
- Bisoprolol
- Carvedilol
Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist
- Spirinolactone

241
Q

Aspirin

A

COX Inhibitor (Antiplatelet and NSAID)

242
Q

Dipyridamole

A

cAMP-Altering Antiplatelet

243
Q

Clopidogrel

A

ADP Receptor Inhibitor (Antiplatelet)

244
Q

Prasugrel

A

ADP Receptor Inhibitor (Antiplatelet)

245
Q

Ticagrelor

A

ADP Receptor Inhibitor (Antiplatelet)

246
Q

Eptifibatide

A

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibitor (Antiplatelet)

247
Q

Vorapaxar

A

Protease-Activated Receptor Antagonist (Antiplatelet)

248
Q

Heparin

A

Clotting Factor Inhibitor (Anticoagulant)

249
Q

Protamine Sulfate

A

Heparin Antidote

250
Q

Enoxparin

A

Clotting Factor Inhibitor (Anticoagulant)

  • low molecular weight heparin
251
Q

Fondaparinox

A

Clotting Factor Inhibitor (Anticoagulant)

252
Q

Rivaroxaban

A

Direct Factor X Inhibitor (Anticoagulant)

253
Q

Apixaban

A

Direct Factor X Inhibitor (Anticoagulant)

254
Q

Andexanet Alfa

A

Direct Factor X Inhibitor antidote

255
Q

Warfarin

A

Coumarin (Anticoagulant)

256
Q

Vitamin K

A

Warfarin antidote

257
Q

Prothrombin complex concentrates

A

Warfarin antidote

258
Q

Dabigatran

A

Direct Thrombin Inhibitor (Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet)

259
Q

Idarucizumab

A

Dabigatran (Direct Thrombin Inhibitor) antidote

260
Q

Alteplase

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Fibrinolytic)

261
Q

Tenecteplase

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Fibrinolytic)

262
Q

Aminocaproic Acid

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (Fibrinolytic)

263
Q

Lovastatin

A

HMG-CoA Inhibitor / Statin

264
Q

Atorvastatin

A

HMG-CoA Inhibitor / Statin

265
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

HMG-CoA Inhibitor / Statin

266
Q

Cholestyramine

A

Bile Acid Resin (Lipid Lowering)

267
Q

Alirocumab

A

PCSK9 Inhibitor (Lipid Lowering)

268
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

269
Q

Niacin

A

Nicotinic Acid (Lipid Lowering)

270
Q

Gemfibrozil

A

Fibrate (Lipid Lowering)

271
Q

Fenofibrate

A

Fibrate (Lipid Lowering)

272
Q

Icosapent Ethyl (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)

A

Omega-3 Fatty Acid (Lipid Lowering)

273
Q

First Line Hypertension Drugs

A

Diuretics
- HCTZ
- Chlorthalidone

ACE Inhibitor
- Captopril

ARB
- Losartan

Ca Channel Blocker
- Verapimil
- Diltiazem
- Nifedipine

274
Q

Hydralazine

A

Direct Vasodilator (HTN)

275
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Direct Vasodilator (HTN)

276
Q

Aliskiren

A

Renin Inhibitor (HTN)

277
Q

Secondary HTN agents

A

Beta Blockers
- Propanolol
- Metoprolol
- Labetalol

A2 Agonist
- Clonidine

Direct Vasodilators
- Hydralazine
- Nitroprusside

Renin Inhibitor
- Aliskiren

278
Q

Clomiphene

A

Estrogen Receptor Antagonist (Fertility)

279
Q

Gonadorelin

A

GnRH (Fertility)

280
Q

Menotropin

A

Gonadotropin (Fertility)

281
Q

Urofollitropin

A

Gonadotropin (Fertility)

282
Q

hCG

A

Gonadotropin (Fertility)

283
Q

Estradiol

A

Estrogen Contraceptive

284
Q

Estrone

A

Estrogen Contraceptive

285
Q

Ethinyl Estradiol

A

Estrogen Contraceptive
Estrogen HRT

286
Q

Mestranol

A

Estrogen Contraceptive
Estrogen HRT

287
Q

Medroxyprogesterone

A

Progestin Contraceptive
Progestin HRT

288
Q

Norethindrone

A

Progestin Contraceptive

289
Q

Drospirenone

A

Progestin Contraceptive

290
Q

Norgestrel

A

Progestin Contraceptive

291
Q

Levonorgestrel

A

Progestin Contraceptive
Progestin HRT

292
Q

Levonorgestrel + ethinyl estradiol

A

Post Coital Contraceptive

293
Q

Mifepristone + Misoprostol

A

Elective Abortion

294
Q

Conjugated Estrogens

A

Estrogen HRT

295
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) [HRT and Breast Cancer]

296
Q

Raloxifene

A

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM) [HRT and Breast Cancer]

297
Q

Anastrozole

A

Aromatase Inhibitor (HRT and Breast Cancer)

298
Q

Letrozole

A

Aromatase Inhibitor (HRT and Breast Cancer)

299
Q

Testosterone

A

Androgen

300
Q

Dihydrotestosterone

A

Androgen

301
Q

Oxandrolone

A

Androgen

302
Q

Danazol

A

Androgen

303
Q

Finasteride

A

5a- Reductase Inhibitor (BPH)

304
Q

Leuprolide

A

GnRH Agonist (Prostate Cancer)

305
Q

Degarelix

A

GnRH Antagonist (Prostate Cancer)

306
Q

Flutamide

A

Androgen Receptor Antagonist (Prostate Cancer)

307
Q

Bicalutamide

A

Androgen Receptor Antagonist (Prostate Cancer)

308
Q

Lispro

A

Rapid Acting Insulin (Diabetes)

309
Q

Aspart

A

Rapid Acting Insulin (Diabetes)

310
Q

Glulisine

A

Rapid Acting Insulin (Diabetes)

311
Q

Regular Insulin

A

Short Acting Insulin (Diabetes)

312
Q

NPH

A

Intermediate Acting Insulin (Diabetes)

313
Q

Glargine

A

Long Acting Insulin (Diabetes)

314
Q

Detemir

A

Long Acting Insulin (Diabetes)

315
Q

Degludec

A

Long Acting Insulin (Diabetes)

316
Q

Glyburide

A

Sulfonylurea (Diabetes)

317
Q

Glimepiride

A

Sulfonylurea (Diabetes)

318
Q

Glipizide

A

Sulfonylurea (Diabetes)

319
Q

Metformin

A

Biguanide (Diabetes)

320
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thizolidinediones (TZD) [Diabetes]

321
Q

Repaglinide

A

Meglitinide (Diabetes)

322
Q

Exenatide

A

GLP-1 Agonist (Diabetes)

323
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DPP-4 Inhibitor (Diabetes)

324
Q

Canagliflozin

A

SGLT2 Inhibitor (Diabetes)

325
Q

Acarbose

A

a-Glucosidase Inhibitor (Diabetes)

326
Q

Plamlintide

A

Amylin Mimetic (Diabetes)

327
Q

Colesevelem

A

Bile Acid Sequestrant (Diabetes)

328
Q

Glucagon

A

Increases blood glucose levels

329
Q

Levothyroxine (T4)

A

Hypothyroid Drug

330
Q

Propylthiouracil

A

Hyperthyroid Drug

331
Q

Methimazole

A

Hyperthyroid Drug

332
Q

Potassium Iodide

A

Hyperthyroid Drug

333
Q

Radioiodine

A

Hyperthyroid Drug

334
Q

Adjunct Thyroid Treatments

A
  1. Propanolol
  2. Diltiazem
  3. Rituximab
335
Q

Calcitonin

A

Anti-Catabolic (Osteoporosis

336
Q

Alendronate

A

Bisphosphonate (Anti-Catabolic) [Osteoporosis]

337
Q

Zolendronate

A

Bisphosphonate (Anti-Catabolic) [Osteoporosis]

338
Q

Denosumab

A

RANK Ligand Inhibitor (Anti-Catabolic) [Osteoporosis]

339
Q

Raloxifene

A

SERM (Anti-Catabolic) [Osteoporosis]

340
Q

Teriparatide (Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone)

A

Anabolic Therapy (Osteoporosis)

341
Q

Cinacalcet

A

Antihypercalcemic Therapy

342
Q

Calcitriol

A

Antihypocalcemic Therapy

343
Q

Calcium Gluconate

A

Antihypocalcemic Therapy

  • IV admin
344
Q

Calcium Citrate

A

Antihypocalcemic Therapy

  • Oral admin

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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