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APSC 202 > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Ambient air at sea level contains how much oxygen?

A

21%

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2
Q

A coalescer is a sample conditioning device that:

A

Removes vapor mist from a gas analysis

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3
Q

List the fuels shown in the order of LEAST pollution emissions to the GREATEST:

  1. Fuel oil
  2. Natural gas
  3. Tires in a landfill
  4. Coal
A

Least-to-most pollution:

  1. Natural gas
  2. Fuel oil
  3. Coal
  4. Tires in landfill
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4
Q

A Peltier device is another term for:

A

Solid-state thermoelectric cooler

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5
Q

Process lag is minimized when the:

A

Diameter of the sample line is as small as practical

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6
Q

The term ‘magnetic wind’ is associated with which oxygen measurement technology:

A

Thermo-magnetic

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7
Q

Flammable gas and/or toxic gas and/or O2 deficiency alarms in KA 225 (analyzer lab) result in simultaneous triggering of the building fire alarm.

True or False?

A

TRUE

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8
Q

Hygroscopic materials attract and absorb moisture.

True or False?

A

TRUE

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9
Q

Water absorption into a dielectric material is the principle of operation for:

A

A capacitive RH sensor

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10
Q

List the gases in the order of their boiling points: Lowest-to-Highest

  • Butane
  • Ethane
  • Octane
  • Propane
A

Boiling points: Lowest-to-Highest

  1. Ethane
  2. Propane
  3. Butane
  4. Octane
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11
Q

The following image represents which oxygen measurement technology?

(Picture that looks like a piece of toast and a Xmas ordament? That thing…)

A

Zirconium Oxide

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12
Q

Which of the following types of radiation has the shortest wavelength, the greatest energy, and the highest frequency?

A

Ultraviolet radiation

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13
Q

Fast loop filters are sometimes referred to as:

A

Self-cleaning filters

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14
Q

Which of the following is not considered when designing a sample system?

a. The sample is transported and conditioned in a safe manner
b. The sample is representative of the process
c. The sample is timely (minimal lag time to transport the sample)
d. The sample is at a temperature that matches the process

A

d. The sample is at a temperature that matches the process

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15
Q

Standardization of a pH probe is a calibration procedure that:

A

Adjusts the offset or zero and slope of the pH probe

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16
Q

Which of the following is a result of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared region with molecules?

A

Molecular vibration

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17
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the measurement pH electrode?

A

The electric potential between the internal pH and the sample is constant

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18
Q

What type of sampling technique is commonly applied to two-phase samples?

A

Isokinetic

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19
Q

An ORP measurement is ion-specific

True or False?

A

FALSE

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20
Q

The cell constant of a conductivity sensor is defined as:

A

The distance between probe electrodes divided by the electrode area

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21
Q

A filter that consists of a stack of wheel-shaped metal discs separated by thin spacers is best defined as:

A

Edge filter

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22
Q

The unit of conductance is the:

A

Siemen

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23
Q

Match the component or parameter with the instrument:

a. Polarizing bias voltage
b. LED
c. Reference solution
d. Cell constant

  1. Dissolved Oxygen analyzer
  2. Conductivity analyzer
  3. Turbidimeter
  4. PH
A

Polarizing bias Voltage - Dissolved Oxygen analyzer

LED - Turbidimeter

Reference solution - PH

Cell constant - Conductivity analyzer

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24
Q

The resistance measured in a resistive dew point hygrometer ______ as the amount of vapor increases.

A

Decreases

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25
Q

Which of the following gases is NOT a concern within pipeline quality assurance?

A

SO2

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26
Q

A solution in which the pOH is 12.1 would be described as:

A

Very acidic

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27
Q

Strainers are a category of filters. Strainers are typically used for gas sampling applications.

True or False?

A

FALSE

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28
Q

When considering safety within combustion control design, what two gases listed together are probable concentration measurements in the flue gas?

A

H2 and CO

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29
Q

Pure water has a high resistivity

True or False?

A

TRUE

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30
Q

Adding salt to water in a sealed container will have what effect on the vapor space RH%?

A

Lower the RH%

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31
Q

if [H+] = [OH-], then we can say that:

A

The pH value is 7

Inner fill solution has a pH of 7

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32
Q

A deaerator is a vessel used to reduce ______ in boiler feedwater.

A

CO2 and O2

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33
Q

Identify two applications of dissolved oxygen (DO) measurement and the importance of DO measurement within each application.

A
  • Boiler feedwater (Prevention of corrosion).

- The concentration of DO is an important indicator of the health of an aquatic ecosystem.

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34
Q

Heating filament and causing it to glow is an example of generating light via:

A

Incandescence

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35
Q

Which of the following moisture analyzers have windows that can become contaminated with residue?

A
  • IR

- Chilled surface

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36
Q

Which of the following examples supports the inverse relationship between pH and pOH?

A

pH = 3 and pOH = 11

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37
Q

At a minimum, what two variables in the flue gas must be known to calculate burner efficiency using an efficiency chart?

A

CO and O2

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38
Q

Name three criteria for selecting the proper metal to meet a particular industrial application.

A
  • Conductivity
  • Corrosion resistance
  • Malleability
  • Temperature range of metal
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39
Q

A safe oxygen level in a work area is never below:

A

19.5%

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40
Q

Which of the following fuels requires the least amount of air for complete combustion?

A

Carbon monoxide

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41
Q

Using the following image as a reference, select the process description tag where the lowest concentration of H2S and CO2 exist:

Sour Gas > Rich Amine > Lean Amine > Sweet Gas

A

Sweet Gas Outlet

Process of gas sweetening

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42
Q

Which of the following Equations is true?

A

%w of moisture = (weight of water / weight of sample) x 100

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43
Q

Which of the following is a common product of incomplete combustion?

A

CO

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44
Q

A process solution changes in pH from 7.0 to 5.0, the equivalent change in voltage at the pH measuring probe is:

A

+ 118.3 mV

-59.16 mVDC per pH unit at 25°C
Ecell mVDC = slope x (pH –7) at 25 °C
Ecell mVDC = -59.16 x (5 –7) at 25 °C
Ecell mVDC = + 118.3 mV

45
Q

The following image represents which type of technology?

<= Iout | Sample Cell (b) Path Length | <= I In

A

CO measurement using IR absorptive

46
Q

The pH of boiler feedwater is:

A

Slightly basic

47
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A solution that retains its known pH value, regardless of adding small amounts of acid or base

48
Q

Identify four applications for conductivity measurement:

A
  • Water Treatment
  • Leak Detection
  • Clean in place (for pharmaceutical/food/beverage industries)
  • Interface Detection
49
Q

Which moisture measurement is illustrated below?

*Picture of lots of light sources, Dew Point Transmitter, RTD etc.)

A

IR

50
Q

Flammable gas analyzers fall under ______ electrical hazardous area.

A

Class I

51
Q

Which of the following turbidimeters is made for high levels of turbidity but is immune to optics contamination?

A

Surface Scatter

52
Q

Lean amine is sent to the regenerator to produce rich amine.

True or False?

A

FALSE

53
Q

The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium is known as the index of:

A

Index of refraction

54
Q

A new pH sensor will ideally produce -59.16 mV/pH graduation in a solution at 25C.

True or False?

A

TRUE

55
Q

4 mg/L of dissolved oxygen in water is equivalent to ______ ppm.

A

4 ppm

56
Q

What precautions are used to ensure any type of gas analyzer works accurately?

A

Sample flow rates, temperature and pressures must remain constant

57
Q

The time taken to transport the sample from the process to the analyzer is defined as:

A

System lag time

58
Q

Membrane filters use _______ as their principle of operation.

A

Coalescing

59
Q

Specular reflection is:

A

Light bouncing off a smooth surface

60
Q

Match the measurement with the technology:

a. __ Capacitance
b. __ Impedence

  • Air dew point measurement
  • RH of air
A

Capacitance - RH of Air

Impedence - Air Dew point measurement

61
Q

The following reaction is an example of incomplete combustion. Carbon + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide

True or False?

A

FALSE

62
Q

Which of the following solids moisture analyzers require simultaneously density measurement of the sample?

a. IR
b. Neutron
c. Microwave
d. N/A

A

b. Neutron

c. Microwave

63
Q

A common method of reducing sample system lag time is to:

A

Include a fast loop

64
Q

Turbidity samples are best taken from which point on a process pipe?

A

Side tap

65
Q

When sampling a gas from a horizontal process pipe, the sample tap orientation is best located:

A

Top dead center of the process pipe

66
Q

Which oxygen measurement technology requires reference to oxygen or reference air?

A

Zirconium oxide

67
Q

Dew Point is:

A

The temperature to which a vapor must be cooled to produce condensation

68
Q

A stick partially immersed in water appears bent as it enters the surface. What light property explains this?

A

Refraction

69
Q

“Blow back” is a function typically associated with:

A

Filter probes

70
Q

A porous metal screen that prevents hot gases from escaping into a potentially hazardous atmosphere or process is a / an:

A

Flashback arrestor

71
Q

Small droplets coming together to form a large droplet is an example of:

A

Coalescing

72
Q

A second stage building alarm is significant because:

A

A voice will direct you to evacuate the building

73
Q

Which gas detector uses catalytic combustion as an operating principle?

A

Combustible gas

74
Q

The cell output voltage in a ZrO2 sensor _______ as the O2 content increases

A

Decreases

75
Q

As gas pressure in a vessel or pipe increases the water dew point ______.

A

Increases

76
Q

When ignited, a uranium compound burns with a green flame. The wavelength of the light given off by this flame is greater than that of:

A

Ultraviolet light

77
Q

Which form of electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelengths?

A

Radio waves

78
Q

X-ray radiation is associated with which type of interaction with matter?

A

Electronic transitions

79
Q

Electrons moving into lower energy levels will release energy in the form of photons.

True or False?

A

TRUE

80
Q

The term photon is associated with the particle nature of light. What effect is commonly used to support the existence of photons?

A

Photoelectric effect

81
Q

Interference patterns are the result of:

A

Diffraction of light

82
Q

Electrons travelling into higher energy levels or shells release energy; while those dropping to lower energy levels will require energy.

True or False?

A

FALSE

83
Q

What is the wavelength of a photon of red light (in nm) whose frequency is 4.55x10E14 Hz?

A

659 nm

84
Q

A reflected ray of light leaves a plain mirror’s surface at an angle of 60° relative to the normal. The angle of incidence is:

A

60° relative to the normal

85
Q

Two water waves collide with each other. The result is a flat region with virtually no waves. This is an example of:

A

Destructive interference

86
Q

Which group of electromagnetic radiation listed is arranged in order of decreasing frequency?

A

Order of decreasing frequency:

Ultraviolet, visible, IR

87
Q

Flammable gas and/or toxic gas and/or O2 deficiency alarms in KA225 (analyzer lab) result in a simultaneous triggering of the building fire alarm.

True or False?

A

TRUE

88
Q

Chemical burns and minor heat burns are both treated by vigorous washing in warm soapy water.

True or False?

A

FALSE

89
Q

MSDS stands for:

A

Material Safety Data Sheet

90
Q

Returning chemical back to the original container is permitted if it’s unused or excess.

True or False?

A

FALSE

91
Q

Which valve closing order is correct after completion of a lab in the analyzer lab (KA225)?

A

Close the hand valve at the local panel first before closing the hand valve at the main regulator panel

92
Q

Identify four key points of information found on a MSDS sheet:

A
  1. Description
  2. Short and long term exposure effects
  3. Fire and explosion hazard
  4. First aid
93
Q

List the 2 T’s:

A
  • Time
  • Turbulence
  • Temperature
94
Q

List the 3 common effluent

A

CO2
2H2O
SO2

95
Q

Describe portable vs personal

A

Portable:
Carried with the employee and used to test an environment before entry

Personal:

  • Convenient to use
  • Small in size and weight
  • Normally worn on the outside layer of clothing
96
Q

Define magnetic wind:

A

The flow or flow rate

97
Q

Define Toxic gas:

A

Toxic gases are defined as any gas that causes damage to living tissues and has an injurious or fatal effect on the body when inhaled

98
Q

What is the most common form of toxic gas?

A

The most common toxic gas that you will encounter is hydrogen sulphide

99
Q

Name the three conditions that must exist for galvanic corrosion to occur:

A
  1. Common electrolyte
  2. Potential difference
  3. Path of external conduction
100
Q

Name two factors that determine the rate of galvanic corrosion:

A
  1. Potential difference between the materials

2. Nature of their environment

101
Q

ZrO2 is a _______ material

A

ceramic

102
Q

O2 ions pass through ZrO2 material when it’s heated above _______.

A

600 °C

103
Q

The movement of O2 ions is by _______through the material from a high concentration of O2 to a _______.

A
  • diffusion

- low concentration

104
Q

Key calibration considerations:

  1. Cell output DECREASES as temperature ______.
  2. Cell output DECREASES as O2 concentration ______.
  3. Cell output is _______.
  4. Cell output is ______ when the sample concentration is ______ or ______ to the reference concentration of 20.9 %
  5. Cell output is ______ when the sample concentration is ______.
A
  1. decreases
  2. increases
  3. logarithmic
  4. zero, highest, equal
  5. highest, lowest
105
Q

*IMPORTANT

The air we breathe is composed of __ ____, __ ____, __ ____ and, __ ____.

A
  1. 1% nitrogen
  2. 9% oxygen
  3. 9% argon
  4. 1% other gases
106
Q

Oxygen-deficient is when the concentration is less than __%, and enriched is when oxygen is greater than __%

A

19.5%

23%

107
Q

What material would you choose to make a sample cell window from that allows for the best transmittance of light?

A

The best transmittance of light has a lower index of refraction, in this case, quartz is the best option.

By having a lower index of refraction, the light will, therefore, bend less within the sample cell.

108
Q

Define ORP:

A

Oxidation-Reduction Potential

APSC 202 (1 decks)

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