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BIo Final > Final review > Flashcards

Final review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

In which animal does the blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

A

frog

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2
Q

If the basilar membranes in width and flexibility along thier length, how would this affect a person’s hearing?

A

The person could not distinguish different pitches.

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3
Q

Where are semilunar valves to be found in the mammalian heart?

A

At the places where blood leaves via the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

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4
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of both hemoglobin and hemocyanin?

A

Transports oxygen

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5
Q

Metanephridia function in_______.

a) excretion
b) osmoregulation
c) A & B
d) Breathing

A

A

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6
Q

The endocrine system relies upon _______ that _______ all of the cells of the body.

a) Hormones; reach
b) horomones; target
c) nerves; reach
d) nerves; target

A

A) hormones; reach

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7
Q

Statoliths are used for:

a) hearing
b) equilibrium
c) digestion
d) seeing color

A

b) equilibrium

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8
Q

Tropic hormones….

a) act on endocrine glands
b) act on target cells
c) are nontargeting hormones
d) regulate sexual development

A

a) act on endocrine glands

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9
Q

A person born without otoliths in the ears would be ____

a) totally deaf
b) Unable to determine the rate of motion of the head
c) unable to determine the position of the head with respect to gravity
d) hearing impaired, but not totally deaf

A

c) unable to determine the position of the head with respect to gravity

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10
Q

Semicircular canals are used for______

a) equilibrium
b) hearing
c) digestion
d) seeing color

A

a) equilibrium

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11
Q

The cochlea is used for _____

a) equilibrium
b) hearing
c) digestion
d) seeing color

A

b) hearing

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12
Q

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the _______

a) large intestine
b) stomach
c) pharynx
d) rectum
e) epiglottis

A

c) pharynx

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13
Q

Which of the following about the resting potential is true?

a) the neuron’s plasma membrane is much more permeable to sodium than potassium
b) the concentration of sodium is much higher inside the cell than outside
c) the chloride-hydrogen pump plays a role in maintaining the resting potential
d) inside the cell, the concentration of potassium is much higher than the concentration of sodium

A

see 48.6**

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14
Q

Which of the following conditions in a silkworm moth would result in metamorphosis from pupa to adult?

a) lack of a prothoracic gland
b) stimulation of the corpora allata
c) high concentration of juvenile hormone
d) low concentration of juvenile hormone

A

d) low concentration of juvenile hormone

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15
Q

Which of the following is a neurohormone secreted by the posterior pituitary?

a) oxytocin
b) insulin
c) ACTH
d) Thyroxine
e) PTH

A

a) oxytocin

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16
Q

Epinepherine is released from _________

a) the pituitary glands
b) adrenal glands
c) heart glands
d) thyroid glands

A

b) adrenal glands

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17
Q

A neuron that transmits an impulse to the central nervous system after the neuron is stimulated by the environment is called a/n___________.

A

Sensory neuron

18
Q

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

a) positive feedback benefits in the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental.
b) the effectors respose in positive feedback is in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than the opposite to it.
c) the effector’s response increases some parameter (such as temperature), whereas in negative feedback it decreases.
d) positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors
e) positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems.

A

b) the effectors respose in positive feedback is in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than the opposite to it.

19
Q

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

a) organs
b) membranes
c) organ systems
d) organelles
e) organisms

A

a) organs

20
Q

Which of the following describes peristalsis in the digestive system?

a) a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine
b) voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation
c) the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vesse
d) a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration
e) smooth muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal

A

e) smooth muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal

21
Q

The regulation of water volume in the blood involves which horomone?

a) oxytocin
b) insulin
c) ADH
d) FSH
e) glucagon

A

c) ADH

22
Q

An ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally-sized endotherm because

a) the ectotherm maintains a higher basal metabolic rate
b) the ectotherm expends more energy/kg body weight than the endotherm
c) the ectotherm invests little energy in temperature regulation
d) The ectotherm metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the endotherm
e) the ectotherm has greater insulation on its body surface

A

c) the ectotherm invests little energy in temperature regulation

23
Q

I which group of animals would you expect to find a relatively long cecum?

a) carnivores
b) herbivores
c) autotrophs
d) heterotrophs
e) omnivores

A

b) herbivores

24
Q

Cells that provide metabolic and structural support to the neurons are called________.

a) sensory and motor neurons
b) neurotransmitters
c) interneurons
d) glia

A

d) glia

25
Q

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the:

a) vena cava
b) left atrium
c) right atrium
d) left ventricle
e) right ventricle

A

b) left atrium

26
Q

In general, herbivorous mammals have molars modified for

a) cutting
b) ripping
c) grinding
d) splitting
e) piercing

A

c) grinding

27
Q

Every time you eat a cookie or candy bar, your blood sugar increases. This triggers an increase in the hormone______.

a) thyroxine
b) epinephrine
c) adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH)
e) insulin

A

e) insulin

28
Q

“Saltatory conduction” means that the membrane potential changes_____.

a) only where there is diffusion of sodium and potassium ions
b) only at the nodes of Ranvier.
c) along the entire length of the axon
d) in an all-or-none fashion

A

b) only at the nodes of Ranvier.

29
Q

How is the stomach lining protected from the strongly acidic pH of its contents?

a) it releases a hormone called gastrin, which stops gastric juice seccretion
b) Mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach
c) Bile neutralizes the acid soon after it enters the stomach
d) the acid is neutralized quickly when it combines with pepsinogen to make pepsin

A

b) Mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach

30
Q

Tastebuds are a type of

a) mechanoreceptor
b) chemoreceptor
c) photoreceptor
d) electromagnetic receptors

A

b) chemoreceptor

31
Q

A doctor might give an expectant mother _________ to stimulate uterine contractions and induce labor.

a) ACTH
b) thyroxine
c) oxytocin
d) insulin
e) FSH

A

c) oxytocin

32
Q

Schwann cells make up the ___________.

a) neurons
b) nodes of Ranvier
c) myeline sheath
d) axons

A

c) myeline sheath

33
Q

Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?

a) producing mucus
b) transporting nutrients
c) Eliminating hormones
d) producing wastes

A

b) transporting nutrients

34
Q

Chemical regulation is faster than electrical regulation and it sustains a longer response. True or false?

A

False

35
Q

What is the order of passage as air is inhaled during ventilation of the lungs in a typical mammal?

a) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, bronchiole, bronchus, trachea, alveolus
b) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus
c) nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus
d) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, bronchiole, bronchus, trachea, alveolus

A

b) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus

36
Q

Which of the following structures is (are) found only in the peripheral nervous system?

a) medulla oblongata
b) gray matter
c) spinal cord
d) taste receptors

A

d) taste receptors

37
Q

What part(s) of the digestive system have secretions with a pH of 2?

a) small intestine
b) stomach
c) pancreas
d) liver
e) mouth

A

b) stomach

38
Q

In the vertebrate eye, one kind of sensory processing occurs when light falls on a single photoreceptor cell and excited that cell and nearby receptors. Whereas more distant photoreceptor cells are inhibited from transmitting impulses. This phenomenon is called

a) reflex circuit
b) accomodation
c) lateral inhibition

A

c) lateral inhibition

39
Q

Animals require certain amino acids in their diet. An amino acid that is referred to as nonessential would be best described as one that:

a) can be made by the animal’s body from other substances
b) is not used by the anial in biosynthesis
c) must be ingested in the diet
d) is less important than an essential amino acid
e) is not found in many proteins

A

a) can be made by the animal’s body from other substances

40
Q

Osmoconformers are animals that _______.

a) expend a lot of energy matching concentrations of body fluids with those of the environment
b) have an internal environment isosmotic with thier external environment, which does not require expending energy
c) spontaneously absorb water through body surface and lose solutes in urine
d) spontaneously lose water through body surfaces and must actively unload ions and drink water to maintain osmotic homeostasis

A

b) have an internal environment isosmotic with thier external environment, which does not require expending energy

41
Q

Where are adrenal glands located?

A

Above the kidney

BIo Final (8 decks)

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