Final review

Question 1

In which animal does the blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

Answer 1

frog

Question 2

If the basilar membranes in width and flexibility along thier length, how would this affect a person’s hearing?

Answer 2

The person could not distinguish different pitches.

Question 3

Where are semilunar valves to be found in the mammalian heart?

Answer 3

At the places where blood leaves via the aorta and pulmonary arteries.

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of both hemoglobin and hemocyanin?

Answer 4

Transports oxygen

Question 5

Metanephridia function in_______.

a) excretion
b) osmoregulation
c) A & B
d) Breathing

Answer 5

A

Question 6

The endocrine system relies upon _______ that _______ all of the cells of the body.

a) Hormones; reach
b) horomones; target
c) nerves; reach
d) nerves; target

Answer 6

A) hormones; reach

Question 7

Statoliths are used for:

a) hearing
b) equilibrium
c) digestion
d) seeing color

Answer 7

b) equilibrium

Question 8

Tropic hormones….

a) act on endocrine glands
b) act on target cells
c) are nontargeting hormones
d) regulate sexual development

Answer 8

a) act on endocrine glands

Question 9

A person born without otoliths in the ears would be ____

a) totally deaf
b) Unable to determine the rate of motion of the head
c) unable to determine the position of the head with respect to gravity
d) hearing impaired, but not totally deaf

Answer 9

c) unable to determine the position of the head with respect to gravity

Question 10

Semicircular canals are used for______

a) equilibrium
b) hearing
c) digestion
d) seeing color

Answer 10

a) equilibrium

Question 11

The cochlea is used for _____

a) equilibrium
b) hearing
c) digestion
d) seeing color

Answer 11

b) hearing

Question 12

The mammalian trachea and esophagus both connect to the _______

a) large intestine
b) stomach
c) pharynx
d) rectum
e) epiglottis

Answer 12

c) pharynx

Question 13

Which of the following about the resting potential is true?

a) the neuron’s plasma membrane is much more permeable to sodium than potassium
b) the concentration of sodium is much higher inside the cell than outside
c) the chloride-hydrogen pump plays a role in maintaining the resting potential
d) inside the cell, the concentration of potassium is much higher than the concentration of sodium

Answer 13

see 48.6**

Question 14

Which of the following conditions in a silkworm moth would result in metamorphosis from pupa to adult?

a) lack of a prothoracic gland
b) stimulation of the corpora allata
c) high concentration of juvenile hormone
d) low concentration of juvenile hormone

Answer 14

d) low concentration of juvenile hormone

Question 15

Which of the following is a neurohormone secreted by the posterior pituitary?

a) oxytocin
b) insulin
c) ACTH
d) Thyroxine
e) PTH

Answer 15

a) oxytocin

Question 16

Epinepherine is released from _________

a) the pituitary glands
b) adrenal glands
c) heart glands
d) thyroid glands

Answer 16

b) adrenal glands

Question 17

A neuron that transmits an impulse to the central nervous system after the neuron is stimulated by the environment is called a/n___________.

Answer 17

Sensory neuron

Question 18

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that

a) positive feedback benefits in the organism, whereas negative feedback is detrimental.
b) the effectors respose in positive feedback is in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than the opposite to it.
c) the effector’s response increases some parameter (such as temperature), whereas in negative feedback it decreases.
d) positive feedback systems have only effectors, whereas negative feedback systems have only receptors
e) positive feedback systems have control centers that are lacking in negative feedback systems.

Answer 18

b) the effectors respose in positive feedback is in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than the opposite to it.

Question 19

Tissues are composed of cells, and tissues functioning together make up

a) organs
b) membranes
c) organ systems
d) organelles
e) organisms

Answer 19

a) organs

Question 20

Which of the following describes peristalsis in the digestive system?

a) a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine
b) voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation
c) the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vesse
d) a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration
e) smooth muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal

Answer 20

e) smooth muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal

Question 21

The regulation of water volume in the blood involves which horomone?

a) oxytocin
b) insulin
c) ADH
d) FSH
e) glucagon

Answer 21

c) ADH

Question 22

An ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally-sized endotherm because

a) the ectotherm maintains a higher basal metabolic rate
b) the ectotherm expends more energy/kg body weight than the endotherm
c) the ectotherm invests little energy in temperature regulation
d) The ectotherm metabolizes its stored energy more readily than can the endotherm
e) the ectotherm has greater insulation on its body surface

Answer 22

c) the ectotherm invests little energy in temperature regulation

Question 23

I which group of animals would you expect to find a relatively long cecum?

a) carnivores
b) herbivores
c) autotrophs
d) heterotrophs
e) omnivores

Answer 23

b) herbivores

Question 24

Cells that provide metabolic and structural support to the neurons are called________.

a) sensory and motor neurons
b) neurotransmitters
c) interneurons
d) glia

Answer 24

d) glia

Question 25

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the: a) vena cava b) left atrium c) right atrium d) left ventricle e) right ventricle

Answer 25

b) left atrium

Question 26

In general, herbivorous mammals have molars modified for a) cutting b) ripping c) grinding d) splitting e) piercing

Answer 26

c) grinding ## Footnote

Question 27

Every time you eat a cookie or candy bar, your blood sugar increases. This triggers an increase in the hormone\_\_\_\_\_\_. a) thyroxine b) epinephrine c) adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) e) insulin

Answer 27

e) insulin

Question 28

"Saltatory conduction" means that the membrane potential changes\_\_\_\_\_. a) only where there is diffusion of sodium and potassium ions b) only at the nodes of Ranvier. c) along the entire length of the axon d) in an all-or-none fashion

Answer 28

b) only at the nodes of Ranvier. ## Footnote

Question 29

How is the stomach lining protected from the strongly acidic pH of its contents? a) it releases a hormone called gastrin, which stops gastric juice seccretion b) Mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach c) Bile neutralizes the acid soon after it enters the stomach d) the acid is neutralized quickly when it combines with pepsinogen to make pepsin

Answer 29

b) Mucous cells secrete a protective lubricant into the stomach ## Footnote

Question 30

Tastebuds are a type of a) mechanoreceptor b) chemoreceptor c) photoreceptor d) electromagnetic receptors

Answer 30

b) chemoreceptor ## Footnote

Question 31

A doctor might give an expectant mother _________ to stimulate uterine contractions and induce labor. a) ACTH b) thyroxine c) oxytocin d) insulin e) FSH

Answer 31

c) oxytocin ## Footnote

Question 32

Schwann cells make up the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a) neurons b) nodes of Ranvier c) myeline sheath d) axons

Answer 32

c) myeline sheath ## Footnote

Question 33

Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system? a) producing mucus b) transporting nutrients c) Eliminating hormones d) producing wastes

Answer 33

b) transporting nutrients ## Footnote

Question 34

Chemical regulation is faster than electrical regulation and it sustains a longer response. True or false?

Answer 34

False

Question 35

What is the order of passage as air is inhaled during ventilation of the lungs in a typical mammal? a) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, bronchiole, bronchus, trachea, alveolus b) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus c) nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus d) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, bronchiole, bronchus, trachea, alveolus

Answer 35

b) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus ## Footnote

Question 36

Which of the following structures is (are) found only in the peripheral nervous system? a) medulla oblongata b) gray matter c) spinal cord d) taste receptors

Answer 36

d) taste receptors

Question 37

What part(s) of the digestive system have secretions with a pH of 2? a) small intestine b) stomach c) pancreas d) liver e) mouth

Answer 37

b) stomach

Question 38

In the vertebrate eye, one kind of sensory processing occurs when light falls on a single photoreceptor cell and excited that cell and nearby receptors. Whereas more distant photoreceptor cells are inhibited from transmitting impulses. This phenomenon is called a) reflex circuit b) accomodation c) lateral inhibition

Answer 38

c) lateral inhibition

Question 39

Animals require certain amino acids in their diet. An amino acid that is referred to as nonessential would be best described as one that: a) can be made by the animal's body from other substances b) is not used by the anial in biosynthesis c) must be ingested in the diet d) is less important than an essential amino acid e) is not found in many proteins

Answer 39

a) can be made by the animal's body from other substances ## Footnote

Question 40

Osmoconformers are animals that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. a) expend a lot of energy matching concentrations of body fluids with those of the environment b) have an internal environment isosmotic with thier external environment, which does not require expending energy c) spontaneously absorb water through body surface and lose solutes in urine d) spontaneously lose water through body surfaces and must actively unload ions and drink water to maintain osmotic homeostasis

Answer 40

b) have an internal environment isosmotic with thier external environment, which does not require expending energy ## Footnote

Question 41

Where are adrenal glands located?

Answer 41

Above the kidney