Final Review

Question 1

Probability

Answer 1

Quantified measurements of likelihood either that something will happen or that something is true

Question 2

The principle of indifference

Answer 2

When we have no reason to suppose otherwise we should assume that all outcomes are equally likely

Question 3

Relative frequency theory

Answer 3

Probability equals a measure of how often an event of a certain type occurs

Question 4

Subjectivism

Answer 4

Probability is a measure of the subject agree or belief in some facts or event

Question 5

Logical probability

Answer 5

Two major assumptions
1. All possibilities outcomes of a given situation can be determined

2. Each possible outcome has an equal probability of occurring

Question 6

Propensity theories

Answer 6

1. Probability is based on the innate capacity of an object to behave a certain way
2. Strong for probabilities of unique events and statistical information

Question 7

Population

Answer 7

Any group Of objects not just human populations

Question 8

Sample

Answer 8

A subset of a population

Question 9

Representative

Answer 9

A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population as a whole

Question 10

Random sample

Answer 10

When every member of the population has an equal chance of getting into the sample

Question 11

Variable of interest

Answer 11

The property being measured or investigated

Question 12

Biased sample

Answer 12

Occurs when a sample is not representative of the population
Example: a political poll that surveys on democrats

Question 13

Mean

Answer 13

A statistical average that is determined by adding the numerical values in the data concerning the examined objects, then dividing by the number of objects that were measured

Question 14

Median

Answer 14

A statistical average that is determined by locating the value that separates the entire set of data in half

Question 15

Mode

Answer 15

A statistical average that is determined by locating the value that occurs the most

Question 16

Standard deviation

Answer 16

A measure of the amount of diversity in a set of numerical values

Question 17

Prisoners dilemma

Answer 17

Arise when two conditions are met
1) people’s interests are affected not only by what they do, but by what others do as well

2) people will end up worse off if they act selfishly rather than relinquishing or postponing selfish desires

Question 18

The original position

Answer 18

People are allowed to choose principles of justice prior to any existing political or social arrangement

Question 19

The veil of ignorance

Answer 19

One knows nothing of his or her position in society, economic background, talents or privileges