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Fundamentos de la Vida 1 > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Basic unit of life:

A

Cell

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2
Q

Largest level of organization:

A

Biosphere

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3
Q

Stages of the cell cycle:

A

Interphase and Mitotic Stage

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4
Q

3 characteristics of DNA Replication:

A
  • Takes place before cells division.
  • Is the process of copying one DNA molecule into two identical molecules.
  • The two daughter DNA molecules will be identical to the parent molecule.
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5
Q

Main function of the cell membrane:

A

Regulates entrance and exit of molecules into and out of the cell.

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6
Q

Site of protein synthesis:

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

Processing and modification of proteins:

A

RER

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8
Q

Collects, sorts, packages and distributes materials:

A

Golgi apparatus

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9
Q

Membrane bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes:

A

Lysosomes

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10
Q

Site of photosynthesis:

A

Chloroplast

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11
Q

Help organize microtubules during animal cell division:

A

Centrioles

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12
Q

The cell theory states that:

A
  • The cell is the smallest unit of life.
  • Cells only arise from pre-existing cells.
  • All living things are composed of cells or cell products.
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13
Q

Phase of cellular respiration takes place outside the mitochondria:

A

Glycolisis

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14
Q

Phase of cellular respiration that produces from 32-36 ATPS:

A

Electron Transport Chain

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15
Q

Product of cellular respiration:

A

Carbon Dioxide, water, and ATP (GLUCOSE)

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16
Q

Nucleotide monomers form:

A

Nucleic acids

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17
Q

Site of photosynthesis:

A

Chloroplast

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18
Q

Site of cellular respiration:

A

Mitochondria

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19
Q

DNA structure:

A
  • Bases are attached to the sugar, but projected to the side.
  • Double stranded
  • Strands go in opposite directions, antiparallel.
  • Strands are held together by a hydrogen bond
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20
Q

ATP is formed by:

A

1 sugar base + 1 adenine base + 3 phosphate groups

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21
Q

Physical and functional unit of heredity:

A

Gene

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22
Q

7 characteristics of living things:

A
  1. They are organized.
  2. They acquire materials and energy.
  3. They are homeostatic.
  4. They respond to stimuli.
  5. They reproduce
  6. They grow and develop.
  7. They adapt and evolve.
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23
Q

Physical appearance with regard a trait:

A

Phenotype

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24
Q

Process of pairing and ordering chromosomes:

A

Karyogram or Karyotype

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25
Q

What is a nondisjunction?

A

Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.

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26
Q

When the zygote misses 1 chromosome:

A

Monosomy

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27
Q

Process of meiosis I that increases genetic variation, where the chromatids are no longer identical:

A

Crossing over

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28
Q

Number of cells mitosis produces:

A

2

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29
Q

Number of cells meiosis produces:

A

4

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30
Q

2 characteristicS of meiosis:

A
  • Cells are diploid at the beginning and haploid at the end.

- Occurs in the life of sexual and asexual organisms.

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31
Q

How many chromosomes does a diploid cell has?

A

46 chromosomes

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32
Q

Mitosis phase in which centromeres divide:

A

Anaphase

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33
Q

Reactants and products of light reactions:

A

Water, light = oxygen

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34
Q

Reactants and products of dark reactions (Calvin cycle):

A

Co2 = glucose (G3P)

35
Q

Lacks of nucleus:

A

Prokaryotic cell

36
Q

Transport that requires energy, move from a low concentration to a high concentration gradient:

A

Active transport

37
Q

Transport that doesn’t require energy, moves from a high concentration to a low concentration gradient:

A

Passive transport

38
Q

Name all the active transports:

A
  • Exocytosis
  • Endocytosis
  • Active transport
39
Q

Name all the passive transports:

A
  • Difussion
  • Osmosis
  • Facilitated diffusion
40
Q

Plants store their energy in the form of:

A

Starch

41
Q

Large areas of land with grass (usually very few trees):

A

Grassland

42
Q

Extremely hot in the day and extremely cold at night, camels live there:

A

Dessert

43
Q

Coldest biome in the world:

A

Tundra

44
Q

Lakes, ponds, streams and rivers:

A

Freshwater ecosystem

45
Q

Sharks, turtles, whales, dolphins:

A

Marine ecosystem

46
Q

Ecosystem where there is a lot of rain, high humidity and therefore it is rich in species:

A

Forests

47
Q

Ecosystem that is formed by bodies of water, which is not salt water:

A

Freshwater ecosystems

48
Q

Ecosystem that consists of large areas of shrubs, it can be plain or have mountains:

A

Chaparral

49
Q

Lead to an increase in cell number:

A

Cellular division

50
Q

Lead to a decrease in cell number:

A

Apoptosis and necrosis

51
Q

Premature death of cells due to factors external to the cell, such as infections, toxins or trauma:

A

Necrosis

52
Q

Which process occurs at the same time that meiosis and mitosis?

A

Cytokinesis

53
Q

OCCUR IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF SEXUALLY REPRODUCING ORGANISMS:

A

Meiosis I, Meiosis II

54
Q

NO REPLICATION OF DNA OCCURS:

A

Meiosis II

55
Q

CELLS ARE DIPLOID AT THE BEGINNING AND HAPLOID AT THE END:

A

Meiosis I

56
Q

INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT AND CROSSING OVER HAPPENS:

A

Meiosis I

57
Q

NONDISJUNCTION:

A

Meiosis I, Meiosis II

58
Q

PRODUCES 4 DAUGHTER CELLS:

A

Meiosis II

59
Q

PRODUCES 2 DAUGHTER CELLS:

A

Mitosis, Meiosis I

60
Q

DAUGHTER CELLS ARE GENETICALLY VARIABLE:

A

Meiosis I, Meiosis II

61
Q

DAUGHTER CELLS ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL:

A

Mitosis

62
Q

CELLS ARE ALWAYS DIPLOID:

A

Mitosis

63
Q

What are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain

64
Q

Life was originated outside our planet and some molecules hit the earth and from those molecules life was started.

A

Panspermia

65
Q

Mitochondria exists in eukaryotic cells because bacteria once lived in endosymbiosis with prokaryotic cells:

A

Endosymbiosis theory

66
Q

Difference between growth and development:

A

Growth is increasing on size and number of cells and development is the changes from conception and death.

67
Q

The independent variable is also known as:

A

Experimental variable

68
Q

Which organelle is in charge of digesting wastes?

A

Lysosome

69
Q

2 subunits, protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

70
Q

Nucleus

A

Stores DNA

71
Q

Cilia and Flagella

A

Helps cell movement

72
Q

Stores water, pigments, and toxins.

A

Vacuoles

73
Q

Centrioles

A

Helps cilia and flagella, cell division

74
Q

Believes that there’s not enough space for humans in the world:

A

Thomas Malthus

75
Q

Acquired inheritance:

A

Lamarck

76
Q

Natural selection and survival of the fittest:

A

Darwin

77
Q

The role of an organism in an ecosystem:

A

Trophic level

78
Q

Relationships between the same specie:

A

Intraspecific

79
Q

Relationship between organisms where both get a benefit:

A

Mutualism

80
Q

Relationship between organisms where one kills and eats the other one:

A

Parasitism

81
Q

Relationship between organisms where one gets a benefit and the other one is neither harmed nor benefitted:

A

Commensalism

82
Q

A community and its physical environment:

A

Ecosystem

83
Q

FLOW OF ENERGY between trophic levels:

A

Food chain

Fundamentos de la Vida 1 (1 decks)

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