Final Review Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
Basic unit of life:
A
Cell
2
Q
Largest level of organization:
A
Biosphere
3
Q
Stages of the cell cycle:
A
Interphase and Mitotic Stage
4
Q
3 characteristics of DNA Replication:
A
- Takes place before cells division.
- Is the process of copying one DNA molecule into two identical molecules.
- The two daughter DNA molecules will be identical to the parent molecule.
5
Q
Main function of the cell membrane:
A
Regulates entrance and exit of molecules into and out of the cell.
6
Q
Site of protein synthesis:
A
Ribosomes
7
Q
Processing and modification of proteins:
A
RER
8
Q
Collects, sorts, packages and distributes materials:
A
Golgi apparatus
9
Q
Membrane bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes:
A
Lysosomes
10
Q
Site of photosynthesis:
A
Chloroplast
11
Q
Help organize microtubules during animal cell division:
A
Centrioles
12
Q
The cell theory states that:
A
- The cell is the smallest unit of life.
- Cells only arise from pre-existing cells.
- All living things are composed of cells or cell products.
13
Q
Phase of cellular respiration takes place outside the mitochondria:
A
Glycolisis
14
Q
Phase of cellular respiration that produces from 32-36 ATPS:
A
Electron Transport Chain
15
Q
Product of cellular respiration:
A
Carbon Dioxide, water, and ATP (GLUCOSE)
16
Q
Nucleotide monomers form:
A
Nucleic acids
17
Q
Site of photosynthesis:
A
Chloroplast
18
Q
Site of cellular respiration:
A
Mitochondria
19
Q
DNA structure:
A
- Bases are attached to the sugar, but projected to the side.
- Double stranded
- Strands go in opposite directions, antiparallel.
- Strands are held together by a hydrogen bond
20
Q
ATP is formed by:
A
1 sugar base + 1 adenine base + 3 phosphate groups
21
Q
Physical and functional unit of heredity:
A
Gene
22
Q
7 characteristics of living things:
A
- They are organized.
- They acquire materials and energy.
- They are homeostatic.
- They respond to stimuli.
- They reproduce
- They grow and develop.
- They adapt and evolve.
23
Q
Physical appearance with regard a trait:
A
Phenotype
24
Q
Process of pairing and ordering chromosomes:
A
Karyogram or Karyotype
25
What is a nondisjunction?
Failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.
26
When the zygote misses 1 chromosome:
Monosomy
27
Process of meiosis I that increases genetic variation, where the chromatids are no longer identical:
Crossing over
28
Number of cells mitosis produces:
2
29
Number of cells meiosis produces:
4
30
2 characteristicS of meiosis:
- Cells are diploid at the beginning and haploid at the end.
| - Occurs in the life of sexual and asexual organisms.
31
How many chromosomes does a diploid cell has?
46 chromosomes
32
Mitosis phase in which centromeres divide:
Anaphase
33
Reactants and products of light reactions:
Water, light = oxygen
34
Reactants and products of dark reactions (Calvin cycle):
Co2 = glucose (G3P)
35
Lacks of nucleus:
Prokaryotic cell
36
Transport that requires energy, move from a low concentration to a high concentration gradient:
Active transport
37
Transport that doesn't require energy, moves from a high concentration to a low concentration gradient:
Passive transport
38
Name all the active transports:
- Exocytosis
- Endocytosis
- Active transport
39
Name all the passive transports:
- Difussion
- Osmosis
- Facilitated diffusion
40
Plants store their energy in the form of:
Starch
41
Large areas of land with grass (usually very few trees):
Grassland
42
Extremely hot in the day and extremely cold at night, camels live there:
Dessert
43
Coldest biome in the world:
Tundra
44
Lakes, ponds, streams and rivers:
Freshwater ecosystem
45
Sharks, turtles, whales, dolphins:
Marine ecosystem
46
Ecosystem where there is a lot of rain, high humidity and therefore it is rich in species:
Forests
47
Ecosystem that is formed by bodies of water, which is not salt water:
Freshwater ecosystems
48
Ecosystem that consists of large areas of shrubs, it can be plain or have mountains:
Chaparral
49
Lead to an increase in cell number:
Cellular division
50
Lead to a decrease in cell number:
Apoptosis and necrosis
51
Premature death of cells due to factors external to the cell, such as infections, toxins or trauma:
Necrosis
52
Which process occurs at the same time that meiosis and mitosis?
Cytokinesis
53
OCCUR IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF SEXUALLY REPRODUCING ORGANISMS:
Meiosis I, Meiosis II
54
NO REPLICATION OF DNA OCCURS:
Meiosis II
55
CELLS ARE DIPLOID AT THE BEGINNING AND HAPLOID AT THE END:
Meiosis I
56
INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT AND CROSSING OVER HAPPENS:
Meiosis I
57
NONDISJUNCTION:
Meiosis I, Meiosis II
58
PRODUCES 4 DAUGHTER CELLS:
Meiosis II
59
PRODUCES 2 DAUGHTER CELLS:
Mitosis, Meiosis I
60
DAUGHTER CELLS ARE GENETICALLY VARIABLE:
Meiosis I, Meiosis II
61
DAUGHTER CELLS ARE GENETICALLY IDENTICAL:
Mitosis
62
CELLS ARE ALWAYS DIPLOID:
Mitosis
63
What are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and Electron Transport Chain
64
Life was originated outside our planet and some molecules hit the earth and from those molecules life was started.
Panspermia
65
Mitochondria exists in eukaryotic cells because bacteria once lived in endosymbiosis with prokaryotic cells:
Endosymbiosis theory
66
Difference between growth and development:
Growth is increasing on size and number of cells and development is the changes from conception and death.
67
The independent variable is also known as:
Experimental variable
68
Which organelle is in charge of digesting wastes?
Lysosome
69
2 subunits, protein synthesis
Ribosomes
70
Nucleus
Stores DNA
71
Cilia and Flagella
Helps cell movement
72
Stores water, pigments, and toxins.
Vacuoles
73
Centrioles
Helps cilia and flagella, cell division
74
Believes that there's not enough space for humans in the world:
Thomas Malthus
75
Acquired inheritance:
Lamarck
76
Natural selection and survival of the fittest:
Darwin
77
The role of an organism in an ecosystem:
Trophic level
78
Relationships between the same specie:
Intraspecific
79
Relationship between organisms where both get a benefit:
Mutualism
80
Relationship between organisms where one kills and eats the other one:
Parasitism
81
Relationship between organisms where one gets a benefit and the other one is neither harmed nor benefitted:
Commensalism
82
A community and its physical environment:
Ecosystem
83
FLOW OF ENERGY between trophic levels:
Food chain
