Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sociology 101 > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sociology 101 flashcards Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

In what ways does religion serve the role of a social institution?

a. Religions have a complex and integrated set of norms.
b. Religious practices and beliefs are related to societal values.
c. Religions often meet several basic needs.
d. All of the above

A

All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A cultural universal is something that:

a. addresses all aspects of a group’s behavior
b. is found in all cultures
c. is based on social norms
d. may or may not be of value in meeting social needs

A

Is found in all cultures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the main theoretical perspectives would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how religion impacts an individual’s sense of support and well-being?

a. Functionalism
b. Symbolic interactionism
c. Conflict theory
d. Feminism

A

Symbolic interactionism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly?

a. Functional perspective
b. Symbolic interactionist perspective
c. Conflict perspective
d. Feminist perspective

A

Functional perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which socialist perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society?

a. Functional
b. Symbolic interactionist
c. Conflict theory
d. Feminist perspective

A

Conflict theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following do the functionalist and conflict perspectives share?

a. Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms
b. Emphasis on religion as providing social support
c. Belief that religion helps explain the mysteries of life
d. None of the above

A

Position that religion relates to social control, enforcing social norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The Protestant work ethic was viewed in terms of its relationship to:

a. evolution and natural selection
b. capitalism
c. determinism
d. prejudice and discrimination

A

Capitalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church?

a. Catholic and Jewish
b. Jehovah’s Witnesses and Presbyterians
c. Scientology and Hare Krishna
d. Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

A

Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A sect:

a. has generally grown so large that it needs new buildings and multiple leaders
b. often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals
c. is another term for a cult
d. All of the above

A

often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is:

a. the number of followers or believers is much larger for denominations
b. the geographical location varies for ecclesia versus denominations
c. ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion
d. there are no important differences; the terms are interchangeable

A

ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered an official religion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Some controversial groups that may be mislabeled as cults include:

a. Scientology and the Hare Krishna
b. the Peoples Temple and Heaven’s Gate
c. the Branch Davidians and the Manson Family
d. Quakers and Pentecostals

A

Scientology and the Hare Krishna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced?

a. India
b. Europe
c. China
d. The Middle East

A

China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are:

a. referred to as the Apocrypha
b. oral traditions only because Judaism has no sacred text
c. shared by Christianity and Islam
d. no longer part of the Torah

A

shared by Christianity and Islam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do Christianity and Islam have in common?

a. Both believe in a single supreme god.
b. Both share many of the same stories in their central religious texts.
c. Both believe in an afterlife.
d. All of the above

A

All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as:

a. the protestant work ethic
b. conflict management
c. liberation theology
d. justice work

A

liberation theology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Megachurches tend to have:

a. a variety of male and female clergy
b. numerous buildings in which to meet
c. high attendance for only a limited time
d. large arenas where services are held

A

large arenas where services are held

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the major factors that affect education systems throughout the world?

a. Resources and money
b. Student interest
c. Teacher interest
d. Transportation

A

Resources and money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do nations that are top-ranked in science and math have in common?

a. They are all in Asia.
b. They recruit top teachers.
c. They spend more money per student.
d. They use cutting-edge technology in classrooms.

A

They recruit top teachers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Informal education _________________.

a. describes when students teach their peers
b. refers to the learning of cultural norms
c. only takes place at home
d. relies on a planned instructional process

A

refers to the learning of cultural norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Learning from classmates that most students buy lunch on Fridays is an example of ________.

a. cultural transmission
b. educational access
c. formal education
d. informal education

A

cultural transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The 1972 case Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia set a precedent for __________.

a. access to education
b. average spending on students
c. desegregation of schools
d. teacher salary

A

access to education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which of the following is not a manifest function of education?

a. Cultural innovation
b. Courtship
c. Social placement
d. Socialization

A

Courtship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Because she plans on achieving success in marketing, Tammie is taking courses on managing social media. This is an example of ________.

a. cultural innovation
b. social control
c. social placement
d. socialization

A

social placement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which theory of education focuses on the ways in which education maintains the status quo?

a. Conflict theory
b. Feminist theory
c. Functionalist theory
d. Symbolic interactionism

A

Conflict theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which theory of education focuses on the labels acquired through the educational process?

a. Conflict theory
b. Feminist theory
c. Functionalist theory
d. Symbolic interactionism

A

Symbolic interactionism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What term describes the assignment of students to specific education programs and classes on the basis of test scores, previous grades, or perceived ability?

a. Hidden curriculum
b. Labeling
c. Self-fulfilling prophecy
d. Tracking

A

Tracking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Functionalist theory sees education as serving the needs of _________.

a. families
b. society
c. the individual
d. all of the above

A

all of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Rewarding students for meeting deadlines and respecting authority figures is an example of ________.

a. a latent function
b. a manifest function
c. informal education
d. transmission of moral education

A

transmission of moral education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What term describes the separation of students based on merit?

a. Cultural transmission
b. Social control
c. Sorting
d. Hidden curriculum

A

Sorting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Conflict theorists see sorting as a way to ________.

a. challenge gifted students
b. perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status
c. help students who need additional support
d. teach respect for authority

A

perpetuate divisions of socioeconomic status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Conflict theorists see IQ tests as being biased. Why?

a. They are scored in a way that is subject to human error.
b. They do not give children with learning disabilities a fair chance to demonstrate their true intelligence.
c. They don’t involve enough test items to cover multiple intelligences.
d. They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.

A

They reward affluent students with questions that assume knowledge associated with upper-class culture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Plessy v. Ferguson set the precedent that _____________.

a. racial segregation in schools was allowed
b. separate schools for black and white students were unconstitutional
c. students do not have a right to free speech in public schools
d. students have a right to free speech in public schools

A

racial segregation in schools was allowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Public schools must guarantee that ___________.

a. all students graduate from high school
b. all students receive an equal education
c. per-student spending is equitable
d. the amount spent on each student is equal to that spent regionally

A

per-student spending is equitable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Key predictors for student success include ____________.

a. how many school-age siblings the student has
b. socioeconomic status and family background
c. the age of the student when she or he enters kindergarten
d. how many students attend the school

A

socioeconomic status and family background

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether or not they have met the requirements for that grade is called ____________.

a. affirmative action
b. social control
c. social promotion
d. socialization

A

social promotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which statement best expresses the difference between power and authority?

a. Authority involves intimidation.
b. Authority is more subtle than power.
c. Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.
d. Authority is inherited, but power is seized by military force.

A

Authority is based on the perceived legitimacy of the individual in power.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which of the following types of authority does not reside primarily in a leader?

a. Dictatorial
b. Traditional
c. Charismatic
d. Legal-rational

A

Legal-rational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

In the U.S. Senate, it is customary to assign each senator a seniority ranking based on years of government service and the population of the state he or she represents. A top ranking gives the senator priority for assignments to office space, committee chair positions, and seating on the senate floor. What type of authority does this example best illustrate?

a. Dictatorial
b. Traditional
c. Charismatic
d. Legal-rational

A

Traditional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. used his public speaking abilities and magnetism to inspire African Americans to stand up against injustice in an extremely hostile environment. He is an example of a(n) __________ leader.

a. traditional
b. charismatic
c. legal-rational
d. illegitimate

A

charismatic

40
Q

Which current world figure has the least amount of political power?

a. President Barack Obama
b. Queen Elizabeth II
c. British Prime Minister David Cameron
d. North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un

A

Queen Elizabeth II

41
Q

Which statement best expresses why there have been so few charismatic female leaders throughout history?

a. Women have different leadership styles than men.
b. Women are not interested in leading at all.
c. Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the courseof history.
d. Male historians have refused to acknowledge the contributions of female leaders in their records.

A

Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the courseof history.

42
Q

Many constitutional monarchies started out as:

a. oligarchies
b. absolute monarchies
c. dictatorships
d. democracies

A

absolute monarchies

43
Q

Which nation is an absolute monarchy?

a. Oman
b. Great Britain
c. Denmark
d. Australia

A

Oman

44
Q

Which of the following present and former government leaders is generally considered a dictator?

a. David Cameron
b. Barack Obama
c. Qaboos bin Said Al Said
d. Kim Jong-Un

A

Kim Jong-Un

45
Q

A(n) _________________ is an extremely oppressive government that seeks to control all aspects of its citizens’ lives.

a. oligarchy
b. totalitarian dictatorship
c. anarchy
d. absolute monarchy

A

totalitarian dictatorship

46
Q

Which is not a characteristic of a democracy?

a. People vote to elect officials.
b. A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control.
c. One goal of this type of government is to protect citizens’ basic rights.
d. A constitution typically outlines the foundational ideas of how this government should operate.

A

A king or queen holds the majority of governmental control.

47
Q

Which statement best expresses why the United States is not a true democracy?

a. Many politicians are corrupt.
b. Special-interest groups fund political campaigns.
c. Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy.
d. Ancient Greece was the only true democracy.

A

Citizens elect representatives who vote on their behalf to make policy.

48
Q

In the past, Southern states discouraged African Americans from voting by requiring them to take a _____________________ test.

a. blood
b. literacy
c. lie detector
d. citizenship

A

literacy

49
Q

Which president signed the Voting Rights Act?

a. Lyndon Johnson
b. John F. Kennedy Jr.
c. Barack Obama
d. Franklin D. Roosevelt

A

Lyndon Johnson

50
Q

Which factor does not influence voting practices?

a. Race
b. Social class
c. Ethnicity
d. Voting booths

A

Voting booths

51
Q

The U.S. Supreme Court case _________________ led to the revision of voting districts to account for differences in population density.

a. Roe v. Wade
b. Reynolds v. Sims
c. Brown v. Board of Education
d. Marbury v. Madison

A

Reynolds v. Sims

52
Q

Which statement best explains the meaning of “one person, one vote”?

a. One person should not be allowed to vote twice.
b. A voter deserves one chance to vote.
c. A voter should vote only once a year.
d. All people’s votes should count equally.

A

All people’s votes should count equally.

53
Q

Which concept corresponds best to functionalism?

a. Happiness
b. Interdependence
c. Revolution
d. Symbolism

A

Interdependence

54
Q

Which sociologist is not associated with conflict theory?

a. C. Wright Mills
b. G. William Bomhoff
c. Karl Marx
d. George H. Mead

A

George H. Mead

55
Q

Karl Marx believed social structures evolve through:

a. supply and demand
b. enlightenment
c. conflict
d. cooperation

A

conflict

56
Q

The Arab Spring, Occupy Wall Street protests, and the Tea Party movement have the following in common:

a. They sought to destroy central government.
b. They are examples of conflict theory in action.
c. They can only occur in a representative democracy.
d. They used violence as the means of achieving their goals.

A

They are examples of conflict theory in action.

57
Q

Which is not one of functionalism’s four main purposes of government?

a. Maintaining law and order
b. Meeting social needs
c. Equally distributing resources
d. Planning and directing society

A

Equally distributing resources

58
Q

Sociologist G. William Domhoff’s Who Rules America? asserts that wealth is often necessary to exert the most influence over social and political systems. This is a ____ perspective.

a. conflict theory
b. symbolic interactionist
c. functionalist
d. feminist

A

conflict theory

59
Q

Which of the following paradigms would consider movements such as Occupy Wall Street undesirable and unnecessarily forcing social change?

a. Symbolic interactionism
b. Functionalism
c. Feminism
d. Conflict theory

A

Functionalism

60
Q

Which of these is an example of a commodity?

a. A restaurant meal
b. Corn
c. A college lecture
d. A book, blog entry, or magazine article

A

Corn

61
Q

When did the first economies begin to develop?

a. When all the hunter-gatherers died
b. When money was invented
c. When people began to grow crops and domesticate animals
d. When the first cities were built

A

When people began to grow crops and domesticate animals

62
Q

What is the most important commodity in a postindustrial society?

a. Electricity
b. Money
c. Information
d. Computers

A

Information

63
Q

In which sector of an economy would someone working as a software developer be?

a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quaternary

A

Quaternary

64
Q

Which is an economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and customs charges?

a. Capitalism
b. Communism
c. Mercantilism
d. Mutualism

A

Mercantilism

65
Q

Who was the leading theorist on the development of socialism?

a. Karl Marx
b. Heidimarie Schwerer
c. Émile Durkheim
d. Adam Smith

A

Karl Marx

66
Q

The type of socialism now carried on by Russia is a form of ______ socialism.

a. centrally planned
b. market
c. utopian
d. zero-sum

A

market

67
Q

Among the reasons socialism never developed into a political movement in the United States was that trade unions _________.

a. secured workers’ rights
b. guaranteed health care
c. broke up monopolies
d. diversified the workforce

A

secured workers’ rights

68
Q

Which country serves as an example of convergence?

a. Singapore
b. North Korea
c. England
d. Canada

A

Singapore

69
Q

Ben lost his job when General Motors closed U.S. factories and opened factories in Mexico. Now, Ben is very anti-immigration and campaigns for large-scale deportation of Mexican nationals, even though, logically, their presence does not harm him and their absence will not restore his job. Ben might be experiencing _____________.

a. xenophobia
b. global commodity chains
c. xenophile
d. global assembly line

A

xenophobia

70
Q

Which of the following is not an aspect of globalization?

a. Integrating governments through international trade
b. Integrating cultures through international trade
c. Integrating finance through international trade
d. Integrating child care through international trade

A

Integrating child care through international trade

71
Q

One reason critics oppose globalization is that it:

a. has positive impacts on world trade
b. has negative impacts on the environment
c. concentrates wealth in the poorest countries
d. has negative impacts on political stability

A

has negative impacts on the environment

72
Q

All of the following are characteristics of global cities, except:

a. headquarter multinational corporations
b. exercise significant international political influence
c. host headquarters of international NGOs
d. host influential philosophers

A

host influential philosophers

73
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of multinational corporations?

a. A large share of their capital is collected from a variety of nationalities.
b. Their business is conducted without regard to national borders.
c. They concentrate wealth in the hands of core nations.
d. They are headquartered primarily in the United States.

A

They are headquartered primarily in the United States.

74
Q

Which is evidence that the United States workforce is largely a meritocracy?

a. Job opportunities are increasing for highly skilled jobs.
b. Job opportunities are decreasing for midlevel jobs.
c. Highly skilled jobs pay better than low-skill jobs.
d. Women tend to make less than men do for the same job.

A

Highly skilled jobs pay better than low-skill jobs.

75
Q

If someone does not earn enough money to pay for the essentials of life he or she is said to be _____ poor.

a. absolutely
b. essentially
c. really
d. working

A

Absolutely

76
Q

About what percentage of the workforce in the United States are legal immigrants?

a. Less than 1%
b. 1%
c. 16%
d. 66%

A

16%

77
Q

Who determines which illnesses are stigmatized?

a. Therapists
b. The patients themselves
c. Society
d. All of the above

A

Society

78
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome is an example of _______________.

a. a stigmatized disease
b. a contested illness
c. a disability
d. demedicalization

A

a contested illness

79
Q

The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is an example of ________________

a. the social construction of health
b. medicalization
c. disability accommodations
d. a contested illness

A

the social construction of health

80
Q

What is social epidemiology?

a. The study of why some diseases are stigmatized and others are not
b. The study of why diseases spread
c. The study of the mental health of a society
d. The study of the causes and distribution of diseases

A

The study of the causes and distribution of diseases

81
Q

Core nations are also known as __________________

a. high-income nations
b. newly industrialized nations
c. low-income nations
d. developing nations

A

high-income nations

82
Q

Many deaths in high-income nations are linked to __________________

a. lung cancer
b. obesity
c. mental illness
d. lack of clean water

A

obesity

83
Q

According to the World Health Organization, what was the most frequent cause of death for children under five in low-income countries?

a. Starvation
b. Thirst
c. Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases
d. All of the above

A

Pneumonia and diarrheal diseases

84
Q

Which of the following statements is not true?

a. The life expectancy of black males in the United States is approximately five years shorter than for white males.
b. The infant mortality rate for blacks in the United States is almost double than it is for white.
c. Blacks have lower cancer rates than whites.
d. Hispanics have worse access to care than non-Hispanic whites.

A

Blacks have lower cancer rates than whites.

85
Q

The process by which aspects of life that were considered bad or deviant are redefined as sickness and needing medical attention to remedy is called:

a. deviance
b. medicalization
c. demedicalization
d. intersection theory

A

medicalization

86
Q

What are the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in the United States?

a. ADHD
b. Mood disorders
c. Autism spectrum disorders
d. Anxiety disorders

A

Anxiety disorders

87
Q

Sidewalk ramps and Braille signs are examples of _______________.

a. disabilities
b. accommodations required by the Americans with Disabilities Act
c. forms of accessibility for people with disabilities
d. both b and c

A

both b and c

88
Q

The high unemployment rate among the disabled may be a result of ____________.

a. medicalization
b. obesity
c. stigmatization
d. all of the above

A

stigmatization

89
Q

Which public healthcare system offers insurance primarily to people over sixty-five years old?

a. Medicaid
b. Medicare
c. Veterans Health Administration
d. All of the above

A

Medicare

90
Q

Which program is an example of socialized medicine?

a. Canada’s system
b. The United States’ Veterans Health Administration
c. The United States’ new system under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
d. Medicaid

A

The United States’ Veterans Health Administration

91
Q

What does the individual mandate provision of the 2010 U.S. healthcare reform do?

a. Requires everyone to buy insurance from the government
b. Requires everyone to sign up for Medicaid
c. Requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty
d. None of the above

A

Requires everyone to have insurance or pay a penalty

92
Q

Great Britain’s healthcare system is an example of ______________

a. socialized medicine
b. private healthcare
c. single-payer private healthcare
d. universal private healthcare

A

socialized medicine

93
Q

What group created the Millennium Development Goals?

a. UNICEF
b. The Kaiser Family Foundation
c. Doctors Without Borders
d. The World Health Organization

A

The World Health Organization

94
Q

Which of the following is not part of the rights and responsibilities of a sick person under the functionalist perspective?

a. The sick person is not responsible for his condition.
b. The sick person must try to get better.
c. The sick person can take as long as she wants to get better.
d. The sick person is exempt from the normal duties of society.

A

The sick person can take as long as she wants to get better.

95
Q

The class, race, and gender inequalities in our healthcare system support the _____________ perspective.

a. conflict
b. interactionist
c. functionalist
d. all of the above

A

conflict

96
Q

The removal of homosexuality from the DSM is an example of ____________.

a. medicalization
b. deviance
c. interactionist theory
d. demedicalization

A

demedicalization

Sociology 101 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions