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MRI Anatomy > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

An axial plane divides the body into _______ and ________ portions.

Dorsal and ventral

Upper and lower

Front and back

Right and left

A

Upper and lower

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2
Q

In standard anatomic position, the hands and feet are:

Internally Rotated

Pronated

Dorsaflexed

Forward

A

Forward

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3
Q

In standard anatomic position, a sagittal plane is oriented:

Horizontally

Obliquely

Vertically

Axially

A

Vertically

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4
Q

Define Anterior/Ventral

A

Towards the front

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5
Q

Define Superior

A

Above

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6
Q

Define Posterior/Dorsal

A

Towards the back

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7
Q

Define Medial

A

Towards the midline

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8
Q

Define Inferior

A

Below

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9
Q

Define Lateral

A

Away from midline

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10
Q

Define Proximal

A

Towards the origin

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11
Q

Define Deep

A

Away from skin/surface

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12
Q

Define Cranial/Cephalic

A

Towards the head

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13
Q

Define Caudal

A

Towards the feet

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14
Q

Define Distal

A

Away from the origin

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15
Q

Define Superficial

A

Towards the skin/surface

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16
Q

Define Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

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17
Q

Define Plantar

A

Bottom of foot

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18
Q

Define Contralateral

A

On the opposite side

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19
Q

Define Palmar

A

Anterior hand

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20
Q

Define Costal Margin

A

L3

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21
Q

Define Symphysis Pubis

A

Coccyx

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22
Q

Define Mastoid Tip

A

C1

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23
Q

Define Umbilicus

A

L3/4

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24
Q

Define Iliac Crest

A

L4

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25
Q

Define ASIS

A

S1

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26
Q

Define Vertabra Prominens

A

C7

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27
Q

Define Jugular Notch

A

T2/3

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28
Q

Define Sternal Angle

A

T4/5

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29
Q

Most of the Stomach is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?

RLQ

LLQ

LUQ

RUQ

A

LUQ

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30
Q

Much of the SB is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?

RLQ

LLQ

LUQ

RUQ

A

LLQ

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31
Q

The appendix is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?

RUQ

RLQ

LLQ

LUQ

A

RLQ

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32
Q

The cecum is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?

RUQ

LLQ

RLQ

LUQ

A

RLQ

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33
Q

The Dorsal cavity is partitioned into what two cavities? (mark all correct)

Cranial

Pelvis

Spinal

Mediastinal

Abdominal

A

Cranial

Spinal

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34
Q

The elbow is _________ to the shoulder.

Deep

Superficial

Proximal

Distal

A

Distal

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35
Q

The gallbladder is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?

LLQ

RLQ

RUQ

LUQ

A

RUQ

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36
Q

The hepatic flexture of the colon is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?

LUQ

RUQ

RLQ

LLQ

A

RUQ

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37
Q

T/F: The kidneys are oriented deep to the muscles of the abdominal wall.

A

True

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38
Q

The lungs are located within which body cavity?

All of the above

Dorsal

Mediastinum

Pleural

A

Pleural

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39
Q

The neck is ________ to the chest.

Cephalic

Inferior

Caudal

Posterior

A

Cephalic

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40
Q

The right and left arms would be referred to as:

Ipsilateral

Lateral

Contralateral

Medial

A

Contralateral

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41
Q

The sigmoid colon is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?

LLQ

RUQ

RLQ

LUQ

A

LLQ

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42
Q

The spine is nearest what surface of the body?

Dorsal

Rostral

Ventral

Anterior

A

Dorsal

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43
Q

The spleen is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?

RLQ

LLQ

RUQ

LUQ

A

LUQ

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44
Q

The thoracic cavity is further subdivided into what other body cavities? (choose all correct)

Cranial

Spinal

Pleural

Pelvis

Mediastinal

A

Pleural

Mediastinal

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45
Q

The thymus is located within which body cavity?

Pleural

Mediastinum

Dorsal

All of the above

A

Mediastinum

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46
Q

The thyroid cartilage is at the level of:

C3

C4

C2

C5

A

C5

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47
Q

The Xiphoid process is at the level of:

T12

T10

T9

T11

A

T10

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48
Q

Which of the following is the largest cavity of the body?

Dorsal

Mediastinum

Cranial

Ventral

A

Ventral

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49
Q

Which of the following organs is not located within the mediastinum?

None of the above

Thyroid

Heart

Great Vessels

A

Thyroid

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50
Q

Which of these structures are contained within the mediastinum? (choose all correct)

Thyroid

Esophagus

Trachea

Thymus

A

Esophagus

Trachea

Thymus

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51
Q

Which of these structures are contained within the pelvic cavity? (choose all correct)

Ovaries

Gonads

Kidneys

Rectum

A

Ovaries

Gonads

Rectum

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52
Q

A process of the malar bone joins with which bone of the cranium to form the zygomatic arch?

Temporal

Parietal

Sphenoid

Frontal

A

Temporal

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53
Q

Internal and external protuberances are processes of what cranial bone?

Sphenoid

Parietal

Ethmoid

Occipital

A

Occipital

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54
Q

Structures within which portion of the ear also control equilibrium and balance?

External

Tympanic portion

Middle

Inner

A

Inner

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55
Q

The angle of the mandible is also known as the:

Gonion

Ramus

Alveolar Process

Body

A

Gonion

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56
Q

The bones of the cranium are joined together at immovable joints called:

Sinuses

Sutures

Spines

Sphenoid

A

Sutures

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57
Q

T/F: The boney orbit is formed by several bones including the maxillae, frontal, lacrimal, and ethmoid bones.

A

True

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58
Q

The chin is also called the:

Gonion

Ramus

Mentum

Acanthion

A

Mentum

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59
Q

The cochlea is found in which portion of the ear?

Inner

Middle

Tympanic portion

External

A

Inner

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60
Q

The cranium is comprised of how many bones?

22

8

14

None of the above

A

8

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61
Q

The external and middle ear are separated by the:

Eustachian tube

Auricle

Tympanic membrane

EAM

A

Tympanic membrane

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62
Q

The external walls of the EAM are formed by which portion of the temporal bone?

Petrous

Squamous

Tympanic

Mastoid

A

Tympanic

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63
Q

The foramen ovale provides passage for which of the following?

Optic Nerve

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Maxillary Nerve

Middle meningeal artery

A

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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64
Q

The foramen rotundum provides passage for which of the following?

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Maxillary Nerve

Middle meningeal artery

Optic Nerve

A

Maxillary Nerve

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65
Q

The foramen spinosum provides passage for which of the following?

Maxillary Nerve

Optic Nerve

Middle meningeal artery

Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

A

Middle meningeal artery

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66
Q

The jugular foramen is formed at the junctions of what two bones?

Occipital and temporal

Sphenoid and temporal

Temporal and sphenoid

Temporal and parietal

A

Occipital and temporal

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67
Q

The largest immovable bones of the face are which of the following?

Maxillae

Mandible

Palatine

Zygoma

A

Maxillae

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68
Q

The mandible and maxillary bones each have which of the following processes?

Zygomatic

Condylar

Alveolar

Palatine

A

Alveolar

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69
Q

The mandibular condyle articulates with which of the following cranial bones?

Occipital

Frontal

Temporal

Parietal

A

Temporal

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70
Q

The mastoid air cells are found in which of the following cranial bones?

Temporal

Occipital

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

A

Temporal

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71
Q

The middle and inner ear are formed by which portion of the temporal bones?

Squamous

Petrous

Mastoid

Tympanic

A

Petrous

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72
Q

The most superior point of the junction of what two bones is referred to as the vertex of the skull?

Temporal

Parietal

Sphenoid

Frontal

A

Parietal

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73
Q

The optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery pass through the optic canals in which cranial bone?

Parietal

Sphenoid

Occipital

Ethmoid

A

Sphenoid

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74
Q

The perpendicular plate of what bone forms the superior portion of the nasal septum?

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

Palatine

Vomer

A

Ethmoid

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75
Q

The perpendicular plate articulates with which bone to form the boney nasal septum?

Occipital

Ethmoid

Vomer

Sphenoid

A

Vomer

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76
Q

The posterior portion of the sella turcica is called the:

Dorsum Sellae

Styloid Process

Greater wings

Tuberculum Sellae

A

Dorsum Sellae

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77
Q

The sphenoid sinus is located below which aspect of the sphenoid bone?

Optic Canal

Sella turcica

Lesser wing

Greater wing

A

Sella turcica

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78
Q

The zygomatic process extends from which portion of the temporal bone?

Petrous

Squamous

Tympanic

Mastoid

A

Squamous

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79
Q

What single cranial bone articulated with all other cranial bones?

Occipital

Ethmoid

Parietal

Sphenoid

A

Sphenoid

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80
Q

Which aspect of the ear contains the auditory ausicles?

Inner

External

Middle

Auricular portion

A

Middle

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81
Q

Which boney process within the cranium contains the pituitary gland?

Sella Turcica

Sphenoid sinus

Foramen magnum

Dorsum Sellae

A

Sella Turcica

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82
Q

Which of the following is not a process of the Ethmoid bone?

Inferior nasal conchae

Superior nasal conchae

Middle nasal conchae

Cribriform plate

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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83
Q

Which of the following is a process of the sphenoid bone? (choose all correct)

Sella Turcica

Tuberculum Sellae

Lesser wings

Greater wings

A

All of the above

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84
Q

Which of the following is the largest of the facial bones?

Maxilla

Frontal

Zygoma

Mandible

A

Mandible

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85
Q

Which of the paranasal sinuses is present at birth?

Sphenoid

Frontal

Ethmoid

Maxillary

A

Maxillary

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86
Q

Which of the sinuses is the largest?

Frontal

Ethmoid

Maxillary

Sphenoid

A

Maxillary

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87
Q

Which portion of the temporal bone is considered the thickest boney aspect of the cranium?

Tympanic

Mastoid

Squamous

Petrous

A

Petrous

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88
Q

All of the venous pathways in the brain ultimately drain into which major vessels of the neck?

Internal jugular veins

Common carotid arteries

Internal carotid arteries

Vertebral arteries

A

Internal jugular veins

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89
Q

Blood is supplied to the Circle of Willis by way of which of the following? (mark all correct)

Basilar artery

Communicating arteries

Internal Carotids

Cerebral arteries

A

Basilar artery

Internal Carotids

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90
Q

The basilar artery is formed by the union of what two arteries?

Communicating arteries

Vertebrals

Internal carotids

Cerebral arteries

A

Vertebrals

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91
Q

The cerebellum communicates with other aspects of the brain by way of which of the following?

All of the above

Tentorium

Peduncles

Vermis

A

Peduncles

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92
Q

The cerebral aqueduct of the ventricular system is a passage way for: which of the following?

CSF

Venous blood

Arterial blood

Myelinated axon bodies

A

CSF

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93
Q

The cerebrum is connected medially by which of the following structures?

Vermis

Insula

Midbrain

Corpus Callosum

A

Corpus Callosum

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94
Q

The fold of the dura mater extending into the longitudinal fissure is termed the:

Falx Cerebelli

Inferior Sagittal Sinus

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Falx Cerebri

A

Falx Cerebri

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95
Q

The folds of the brain’s surface may be referred to as:

Sinuses

Fissures

Sulci

Gyri

A

Gyri

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96
Q

The lobes of the cerebellum are connected medially by which of the following structures?

Vermis

Corpus Callosum

Insula

Midbrain

A

Vermis

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97
Q

The lobes of the cerebellum are connected medially by way of the:

Cerebral Cortex

Insula

Vermis

Corpus Callosum

A

Vermis

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98
Q

The longitudinal fissure separates which aspects of the brain?

Cerebral and Cerebellar

Right and Left Cerebral Lobes

Temporal and Parietal Lobes

Frontal and Parietal

A

Right and Left Cerebral Lobes

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99
Q

The most posterior aspect of the cerebrum is the:

Diencephalon

Brainstem

Cerebellum

Occipital lobe

A

Occipital lobe

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100
Q

The pineal gland is the most important feature of which aspect of the diencephalon?

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Pituitary gland

Epithalamus

A

Epithalamus

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101
Q

The pituitary gland is attached by the infundibulum to what other feature of the diencephalon?

Thalamus

Epithalamus

Pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

A

Hypothalamus

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102
Q

The pre-central and post-central gyri are adjacent to which fissure of the brain?

Longitudinal Fissure

Interhemispheric Fissure

Lateral Fissure

Central Fissure

A

Central Fissure

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103
Q

The sigmoid sinus is an extension of what vein in the brain?

Sigmoid sinus

Straight sinus

Inferior sagittal sinus

Transverse sinus

A

Transverse sinus

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104
Q

The space outside of the dura mater is termed the:

Cisterna magna

Subdural space

Subarachnoid space

Epidural space

A

Epidural space

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105
Q

The subarachnoid space is between which meninges?

Pia and dura

Arachnoid and pia

Dura and arachnoid

A

Arachnoid and pia

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106
Q

The subdural space is between which layers of the meninges?

Dura and arachnoid

Pia and dura

Arachnoid and pia

A

Dura and arachnoid

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107
Q

The superior sagittal sinus continues as what venous pathway in the brain?

Inferior sagittal sinus

Transverse sinus

Straight sinus

Sigmoid sinus

A

Transverse sinus

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108
Q

The trigone is a feature of which CSF reservoir?

Lateral ventricles

Fourth ventricle

Third ventricle

Superior Sagittal Sinus

A

Lateral ventricles

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109
Q

Through which aspect of the brainstem does the cerebral aqueduct transverse?

Mid brain

Pons

None of the above

Medulla oblongata

A

Mid brain

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110
Q

What fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?

Lateral Fissure

Rolandic Fissure

Longitudinal Fissure

Central Fissure

A

Lateral Fissure

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111
Q

What fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain?

Central Fissure

Longitudinal Fissure

Lateral Fissure

Interhemispheric Fissure

A

Central Fissure

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112
Q

Which aspect of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord?

Mid brain

None of the above

Pons

Medulla oblongata

A

Medulla oblongata

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113
Q

Which aspect of the diencephalon is considered the master endocrine gland?

Thalamus

Epithalamus

Pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

A

Pituitary gland

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114
Q

Which aspect of the diencephalon helps to form the lateral walls of the third ventricles?

Pituitary gland

Thalamus

Epithalamus

Hypothalamus

A

Thalamus

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115
Q

Which aspect of the ventricular system is positioned between the lobes of the thalamus?

Fourth ventricle

Lateral ventricles

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Third ventricle

A

Third ventricle

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116
Q

Which aspect of the ventricular system is shaped like a diamond?

Fourth ventricle

Lateral ventricles

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Third ventricle

A

Fourth ventricle

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117
Q

Which CSF passage allows for communication between the lateral and third ventricles?

Cerebral aqueduct

Foramen of Luschka

Interventricular foramen

Foramen of Magendie

A

Interventricular foramen

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118
Q

Which fold of the dura mater divides the two lobes of the cerebellum?

Falx cerebrum

Falx cerebelli

Tentorium

Diaphragma sellae

A

Falx cerebelli

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119
Q

Which fold of the dura mater divides the right and left halves of the cerebrum?

Diaphragma sellae

Tentorium

Falx cerebrum

Falx cerebelli

A

Falx cerebrum

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120
Q

Which fold of the dura mater covers the pituitary gland?

Falx cerebrum

Diaphragma sellae

Falx cerebelli

Tentorium

A

Diaphragma sellae

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121
Q

Which fold of the dura mater separates the cerebrum and cerebellum?

Tentorium

Falx cerebelli

Falx cerebrum

Diaphragma sellae

A

Tentorium

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122
Q

Which of the following is the largest aspect of the brain?

Cerebrum

Diencephalon

Brainstem

Cerebellum

A

Cerebrum

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123
Q

Which of the following vessels circulate blood from the Circle of Willis into the brain?

Cerebral arteries

Basilar artery

Internal carotids

Communicating arteries

A

Cerebral arteries

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124
Q

Which of the following arteries circulate blood around the major vessels of the Circle of Willis?

Internal carotids

Cerebral arteries

Communicating arteries

Basilar artery

A

Communicating arteries

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125
Q

Which of the following veins does not directly connect to the Confluence of Sinuses?

Straight sinus

Sigmoid sinus

Inferior sagittal sinus

Transverse sinus

A

Sigmoid sinus

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126
Q

Which of the following is not an aspect of the cerebrum?

Insula

Cerebral Cortex

Corpus Callosum

Vermis

A

Vermis

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127
Q

Which of the following is not composed of white brain matter?

Myelinated Axons

Cerebral cortex

None of the above

Corpus Callosum

A

Cerebral cortex

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128
Q

Which of the following is the most inferior aspect of the brainstem?

None of the above

Mid brain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

A

Medulla oblongata

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129
Q

Which of the following houses most of the thalamus?

Mid brain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

None of the above

A

None of the above

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130
Q

Which of the following allows for CSF communication between the third and fourth ventricles?

Foramen of Luschka

Cerebral aqueduct

Foramen of Magendie

Interventricular foramen

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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131
Q

Which of the following connects the ventricular system to the subarachnoid space?

Cerebral aqueduct

Interventricular foramen

Foramen of Magendie

Foramen of Luschka

A

Foramen of Luschka

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132
Q

Which of the following is the largest aperture connection the 4th ventricle to the basal cisterns and central canal of the spinal cord?

Interventricular foramen

Foramen of Luschka

Cerebral aqueduct

Foramen of Magendie

A

Foramen of Magendie

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133
Q

Which of the following structure is responsible for producing CSF?

Ventricles

Basal cisterns

Choroid plexus

Meninges

A

Choroid plexus

134
Q

Which of the meninges attaches directly to the surface of the brain?

Arachnoid

All of the above

Pia mater

Dura mater

A

Pia mater

135
Q

Which portion of the brainstem is identifiable as a prominent bulge near the center of the brain?

None of the above

Medulla oblongata

Pons

Mid brain

A

Pons

136
Q

Widened areas of the subarachnoid space are referred to as:

Meninges

Basal cisterns

Choroid plexus

Ventricles

A

Basal cisterns

137
Q

T/F: All vertebrae of the cervical spine share the same characteristic features.

A

False

138
Q

An abnormal forward curvature of the thoracic spine is termed:

Kyphosis

Hypnosis

Prognosis

Lordosis

A

Kyphosis

139
Q

An exaggerated curve of the lumbar spine is termed:

Scoliosis

Hunchback

Kyphosis

Lordosis

A

Lordosis

140
Q

Costo-vertebral joints are a feature unique to which aspect of the vertebral column?

Cervical

Lumbar

Sacral

Thoracic

A

Thoracic

141
Q

How many vertebra of the spine are movable?

24

30

23

33

A

24

142
Q

Spinal nerves exit the vertebral column via what feature of the spine?

Transverse foramina

Spinal canal

Vertebral canal

Intervertebral foramina

A

Intervertebral foramina

143
Q

T/F: The 2nd cervical vertebra has both an anterior arch and a posterior arch.

A

False

144
Q

The anterior projections of the gray matter within the spinal cord continue outside of the cord as which of the following?

Dorsal nerve roots

White matter

Ventral nerve roots

Ganglia

A

Ventral nerve roots

145
Q

The dens is a feature of which cervical vertebra?

C7

C1

C2

C6

A

C2

146
Q

T/F: The external borders of the spinal cord are composes of white matter.

A

True

147
Q

T/F: The fluid-filled outer ring of the intervertebral discs is termed the nucleus pulpous.

A

False

148
Q

T/F: The lateral masses of C1 bear the weight of the head.

A

True

149
Q

The nerve bundles extending from the distal end of the spinal cord are termed the:

Cauda equina

Conus medullaris

Sella Turcica

Medulla oblongata

A

Cauda equina

150
Q

The semispinalis muscles belong to which of the following muscle groups?

Splenius muscles

Transversospinal muscles

Psoas muscles

Erector spinae muscles

A

Splenius muscles

151
Q

The spinal cord continues from what other feature of the CNS?

Sella Turcica

Conus medullaris

Cauda equina

Medulla oblongata

A

Medulla oblongata

152
Q

The spinal cord ends at the level of which vertebra?

C1

S1

T1

L1

A

L1

153
Q

The terminal end of the spinal cord is described by which of the following?

Sella Turcica

Conus medullaris

Cauda equina

Medulla oblongata

A

Conus medullaris

154
Q

The transverse foramina are a pathway for which of the following?

Jugular veins

Vertebral arteries

Spinal cord

Spinal nerves

A

Vertebral arteries

155
Q

The vertebral column is composed of how many vertebrae?

24

33

23

30

A

33

156
Q

Which of the following aspects of the spine have a normal kyphotic curve? (choose all correct)

Lumbar

Sacrum

Thoracic

Cervical

A

Sacrum

Thoracic

157
Q

Which of the following lacks a typical vertebral body?

C1

C7

C2

C6

A

C1

158
Q

Which of the following lacks a bifid spinous process? (Choose all correct answers)

C7

C1

C6

C2

A

C7

C1

159
Q

Which of the following is used a as landmark dividing the abdominal and pelvic cavities?

Sacral hiatus

Lateral masses

Sacral Foramina

Sacral promontory

A

Sacral promontory

160
Q

Which of the following is also known as the ala?

Lateral masses

Sacral hiatus

Sacral Foramina

Sacral promontory

A

Lateral masses

161
Q

Which of the following describes the large opening on the inferior aspect of the sacrum?

Sacral Foramina

Lateral masses

Sacral hiatus

Sacral promontory

A

Sacral hiatus

162
Q

Which of the following is formed within the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae?

Sacral hiatus

Sacral promontory

Lateral masses

SI Joint

A

Lateral masses

163
Q

Which of the following cavities is not filled by CSF?

None of the above

Subdural space

Subarachnoid space

Central canal

A

Subdural space

164
Q

Which of the following is a direct extension of the ventricular system of the brain?

None of the above

Central canal

Subdural space

Epidural space

A

Central canal

165
Q

Which of the following is accessed and injected with contrast for a myelogram?

Central canal

None of the above

Subarachnoid space

Subdural space

A

Subarachnoid space

166
Q

Which of the following is accessed during an epidural to inject anesthetic agents?

Central canal

Subarachnoid space

Subdural space

None of the above

A

None of the above

167
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the lateral aspects of the vertebral arch to which the vertebral body attaches?

Articular Facets

Pedicle

Transverse process

Lamina

A

Pedicle

168
Q

Which of the following muscle groups are the chief extends of the entire spine?

Psoas muscles

Splenius muscles

Transversospinal muscles

Erector spinae muscles

A

Erector spinae muscles

169
Q

Which of the following muscle groups extend from the cervical vertebrae through the upper thoracic spine?

Erector spinae muscles

Splenius muscles

Psoas muscles

Transversospinal muscles

A

Splenius muscles

170
Q

Which of the following muscle groups attach between the spinous processes and transverse processes of different vertebrae?

Erector spinae muscles

Splenius muscles

Psoas muscles

Transversospinal muscles

A

Transversospinal muscles

171
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the most lateral appendages of a typical vertebra?

Transverse process

Pedicle

Articular Facets

Lamina

A

Transverse process

172
Q

Which of the following terms refers to the most posterior aspect of the neural arch?

Articular Facets

Transverse process

Lamina

Pedicle

A

Lamina

173
Q

Which of the following is an insertion site for the transversospinal muscles of the vertebral column?

Pedicle

Articular Facets

Transverse process

Lamina

A

Transverse process

174
Q

Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only cervical vertebrae?

Large vertebral bodies

Fused transverse processes

Transverse foramina

Facets and demi-facets

A

Transverse foramina

175
Q

Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only thoracic vertebrae?

Facets and demi-facets

Fused transverse processes

Transverse foramina

Large vertebral bodies

A

Facets and demi-facets

176
Q

Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only lumbar vertebrae?

Large vertebral bodies

Transverse foramina

Facets and demi-facets

Fused transverse processes

A

Large vertebral bodies

177
Q

Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only sacral vertebrae?

Facets and demi-facets

Large vertebral bodies

Fused transverse processes

Transverse foramina

A

Fused transverse processes

178
Q

Which vertebral ligament runs along the ventral surface of the vertebral column?

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum flavum

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Interspinous ligament

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

179
Q

Which vertebral ligament attaches between the lamina of adjoining vertebrae?

Interspinous ligament

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum flavum

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Ligamentum flavum

180
Q

Which vertebral ligament covers the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies of the spine?

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum flavum

Interspinous ligament

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

181
Q

Which vertebral ligament can be seen on sagittal imaging extending between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae?

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Interspinous ligament

Ligamentum flavum

A

Interspinous ligament

182
Q

A thoracic vertebra may be identified as it has which of the following?

Costal facets

Large vertebral body

All of the above

Transverse foramina

A

Costal facets

183
Q

The first _______ ribs are considered true ribs.

Eight

Six

Seven

Five

A

Seven

184
Q

Which of the following statements describes the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs?

They are fused together by costal cartilage

They do not attach to the sternum

They are considered floating ribs

All of the above

A

They are fused together by costal cartilage

185
Q

Which aspect of the sternum is visualized on an axial image displaying the articulation of the clavicles with the sternum?

Manubrium

Xiphoid process

Any of the above

Body

A

Manubrium

186
Q

The large projection on the posterior surface of the scapula dividing it into upper and lower fossae is termed the:

Coracoid process

Scapular spine

Glenoid fossa

Acromion process

A

Scapular spine

187
Q

Which aspect of the scapula articulates which the clavicle?

Scapular spine

Glenoid fossa

Acromion process

Coracoid process

A

Acromion process

188
Q

Which aspect of the scapula articulates with the humeral head?

Coracoid process

Acromion process

Glenoid fossa

Scapular spine

A

Glenoid fossa

189
Q

Which of the following terms describes the posterior-lateral beaklike projection of the scapulae?

Coracoid process

Glenoid fossa

Scapular spine

Acromion process

A

Coracoid process

190
Q

Posteriorly the trachea is in contact with which structure of the mediastinum?

Thyroid tissue

Carotid arteries

Larynx

Esophagus

A

Esophagus

191
Q

Anteriorly, the trachea is covered by which of the following structures?

Carotid arteries

Esophagus

Larynx

Thyroid tissue

A

Thyroid tissue

192
Q

The trachea begins at what level of the spine?

T6

T12

C6

T1

A

C6

193
Q

Which primary bronchus is longer?

Left

Right

A

Left

194
Q

Which primary bronchus has a greater diameter?

Left

Right

A

Right

195
Q

Which primary bronchus divides into three braches?

Left

Right

A

Right

196
Q

Which primary bronchus has an eparterial branch?

Right

Left

A

Right

197
Q

Which primary bronchus is directed more inferiorly than laterally?

Right

Left

A

Right

198
Q

The superior aspect of the lungs are grossly termed the:

Diaphragmatic surface

Mediastinal surface

Base

Apex

A

Apex

199
Q

The most lateral aspect of the lung base may be described as which of the following?

Lung root

Costo-phrenic angles

Hilum

Costal surface

A

Costo-phrenic angles

200
Q

The most medial aspect of the lungs’ surface is termed the: (choose all correct)

Costo-phrenic angles

Lung root

Hilum

Costal surface

A

Lung root

Hilum

201
Q

Which of the following terms are essentially synonymous? (choose all correct)

Costal surface

Lung root

Hilum

Costo-phrenic angles

A

Lung root

Hilum

202
Q

Which lobe of the left lung comprises most of that lungs anterior surface?

Superior

Middle

Any of the above

Inferior

A

Superior

203
Q

Which lobe of the left lung constitutes almost the entire lung base?

Superior

Inferior

Any of the above

Middle

A

Inferior

204
Q

Which lobe of the left lung comprises most of that lungs mediastinal surface?

Superior

Inferior

Any of the above

Middle

A

Superior

205
Q

The left lung has how many fissures?

Three

Two

One

A

One

206
Q

The right lung has how many lobes?

Three

Two

One

A

Three

207
Q

The lungs are connected to the mediastinum via what structure?

Mediastinal pleura

Lung roots

Interlobular fissures

Visceral pleura

A

Lung roots

208
Q

Which of the following describes the anatomical unit of the lungs?

Lobes

Alveoli

Primary lobules

Secondary lobules

A

Primary lobules

209
Q

The last airway passage in the bronchial tree is which of the following?

Secondary bronchi

Alveolar ducts

Lobular bronchi

Primary bronchi

A

Alveolar ducts

210
Q

Which of the following terms is also termed tertiary bronchi?

Secondary bronchi

Lobular bronchi

Alveolar ducts

Primary bronchi

A

Lobular bronchi

211
Q

Which of the following is formed at the carina?

Secondary bronchi

Lobular bronchi

Alveolar ducts

Primary bronchi

A

Primary bronchi

212
Q

Which of the following supplies blood to the lungs?

Pulmonary arteries

Aorta

Pulmonary veins

Coronary arteries

A

Pulmonary arteries

213
Q

Which of the following carries deoxygenated blood?

Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary arteries

Aorta

Coronary arteries

A

Pulmonary arteries

214
Q

Which of the following emptied blood into the left atrium?

Coronary arteries

Pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary veins

Aorta

A

Pulmonary veins

215
Q

Which of the following arises from the right ventricle?

Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary arteries

Aorta

Coronary arteries

A

Pulmonary arteries

216
Q

Which of the following arises from the left ventricle?

Aorta

Pulmonary veins

Coronary arteries

Pulmonary arteries

A

Aorta

217
Q

Which of the following supplies arterial blood to the myocardium?

Pulmonary arteries

Aorta

Pulmonary veins

Coronary arteries

A

Coronary arteries

218
Q

The primary pulmonary veins are how many in number?

Four

Two

Three

A

Four

219
Q

Which of the following directs blood from the lungs into the heart?

Coronary arteries

Pulmonary arteries

Aorta

Pulmonary veins

A

Pulmonary veins

220
Q

Which of the following supplies blood to the majority of the body?

Aorta

Coronary arteries

Pulmonary veins

Pulmonary arteries

A

Aorta

221
Q

Which of the following is a fibrous tissue lining the inner walls of the hearts chambers?

Myocardium

Epicardium

Endocardium

Pericardium

A

Endocardium

222
Q

Which of the following is the visceral layer of the heart’s serous membrane?

Endocardium

Epicardium

Pericardium

Myocardium

A

Epicardium

223
Q

Which of the following refers to the heart muscle?

Myocardium

Epicardium

Endocardium

A

Myocardium

224
Q

Deoxygenated blood is emptied into which chamber of the heart?

Right Ventricle

Right Atrium

Left Ventricle

Left Atrium

A

Right Atrium

225
Q

Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart via what chamber?

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

A

Right Ventricle

226
Q

The coronary arteries extend from what large vessel of the heart?

Superior Vena Cava

Aorta

Azygos Vein

Pulmonary arteries

A

Aorta

227
Q

Which of the following is a branch of the left main coronary artery?

Circumflex

None of the above

Right anterior descending

Right main

A

Circumflex

228
Q

T/F: The coronary veins drain into the coronary sinus and ultimately into the right atrium.

A

True

229
Q

Which of the following is the first branch of the aorta?

Brachiocephalic trunk

Right common carotid

Left subclavian

Right subclavian

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

230
Q

The SVC is formed by the joining of which of the following vessels? (choose all correct)

IVC

Azygos vein

Left brachiocephalic vein

Right brachiocephalic vein

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

Right brachiocephalic vein

231
Q

Which of the following is the chief venous pathway of the trunk and lower body?

Right brachiocephalic vein

IVC

Left brachiocephalic vein

Azygos vein

A

IVC

232
Q

Which of the following drains blood from the posterior thorax and abdomen?

Right brachiocephalic vein

Azygos vein

Left brachiocephalic vein

IVC

A

Azygos vein

233
Q

Which of these muscles marks the division between the chest and abdominal cavities?

Diaphragm

Quadratus lumborum

Iliac

Psoas

A

Diaphragm

234
Q

Which of the muscles is visualized on the posterior of the abdominal cavity? (select all correct)

Diaphragm

Psoas

Quadratus lumborum

Iliac

A

Psoas

Quadratus lumborum

235
Q

The peritoneum is a:

Serous Membrane

Muscle

Organ

Vessel

A

Serous Membrane

236
Q

Which of the following is not a retroperitoneal structure?

IVC

Ureters

Kidneys

Transverse colon

A

Transverse colon

237
Q

Which of the following is a retroperitoneal structure? (choose all correct)

Small bowel

Spleen

Ascending colon

Aorta

A

Ascending colon

Aorta

238
Q

The omentum is attaches to which of the following structures?

Stomach

Small bowel

Large bowel

Liver

A

Stomach

239
Q

The mesentery is primary attached to which of the following structures?

Liver

Stomach

Small bowel

Large bowel

A

Small bowel

240
Q

Which of the following is a retroperitoneal structure?

Duodenum

Ileum

Jejunum

All of the above

A

Duodenum

241
Q

Which of the following is the largest lobe of the liver?

Left

Right

Caudate

Quadrate

A

Right

242
Q

Blood from the splenic and mesenteric veins is first directed to the:

SVC

Portal vein

Aorta

IVC

A

Portal vein

243
Q

Arterial blood to the liver is provided by a branch of what artery?

Celiac Trunk

IMA

SMA

A

Celiac Trunk

244
Q

Which of the following organs helps to produce antibodies?

Pancreas

Kidneys

Liver

Spleen

A

Spleen

245
Q

Insulin and glucagon are products of which of the following organs?

Liver

Kidneys

Spleen

Pancreas

A

Pancreas

246
Q

The hepatic artery shares a common trunk with which of the following vessels?

SMA

Splenic artery

IMA

Renal arteries

A

Splenic artery

247
Q

The portal vein is formed by the confluence of which of the following vessels? (Choose all correct)

Splenic vein

SMV

IMV

Renal veins

A

Splenic vein

SMV

IMV

248
Q

What aspect of the SB is related to the head of the pancreas?

Jejunum

Ileum

Duodenum

A

Duodenum

249
Q

Gerota’s fascia surrounds which of these organs?

Small bowel

Spleen

Kidneys

Pancreas

A

Kidneys

250
Q

Which of the following vessels is visualized on the posterior surface of the pancreas?

Left gastric artery

SMA

Splenic artery

Hepatic artery

A

Splenic artery

251
Q

Which of the following in not a branch of the celiac truck?

SMA

Splenic artery

Hepatic artery

Left gastric artery

A

SMA

252
Q

Which kidney is usually positioned higher than the other?

Left

Right

A

Left

253
Q

Renal pyramids are apparent in which aspect of the kidney?

Ureters

Medulla

Collecting system

Cortex

A

Medulla

254
Q

The major calyces are formed by which of the following?

Renal pelvis

Minor calyces

Ureters

Renal cortex

A

Minor calyces

255
Q

The kidneys receive oxygenated blood via what vessel?

IMA

SMA

Splenic Artery

None of the above

A

None of the above

256
Q

Generally, the most superior structure of the renal hilum is the:

Ureter

Any of the above

Renal vein

Renal artery

A

Renal artery

257
Q

The adrenal glands are visualized in relation to what other structures of the abdomen?

Small bowel

Pancreas

Spleen

Kidneys

A

Kidneys

258
Q

Which of the following is the most superior aspect of the stomach?

Antrum

Pylorus

Cardia

Fundus

A

Fundus

259
Q

Which of the following marks the beginning of the distal stomach?

Cardia

Antrum

Fundus

Pylorus

A

Antrum

260
Q

Which of these continues as the duodenum?

Cardia

Fundus

Antrum

Pylorus

A

Pylorus

261
Q

Which of these structures describes the junction of the stomach and the esophagus?

Pylorus

Cardia

Antrum

Fundus

A

Cardia

262
Q

Which of the major braches of the aorta feed the stomach?

SMA

Celiac Trunk

IMA

All of the above

A

Celiac Trunk

263
Q

The renal arteries extend form what structure?

IVC

Aorta

Renal pelvis

A

Aorta

264
Q

The SB receives arterial blood from what branch of the aorta?

SMA

Celiac Trunk

IMA

All of the above

A

SMA

265
Q

The descending colon is visualized in what portion of the abdomen?

Right

Left

Central

None of the above

A

Left

266
Q

Which of the following continues as the sigmoid colon?

Transverse colon

Ascending colon

Descending colon

Cecum

A

Descending colon

267
Q

Which of these is found between the hepatic and splenic flextures?

Transverse colon

Ascending colon

Descending colon

Cecum

A

Transverse colon

268
Q

The appendix extends from what portion of the colon?

Ascending colon

Descending colon

Cecum

Transverse colon

A

Cecum

269
Q

Which of these is the only portion of the colon that is peritoneal?

Cecum

Transverse colon

Ascending colon

Descending colon

A

Transverse colon

270
Q

Most venous blood from the lower abdomen travel back to the heart via what vessel?

SVC

Portal vein

Aorta

IVC

A

IVC

271
Q

The aorta bifurcates at what level?

None of the above

T12

Diaphragm

Umbilicus

A

Umbilicus

272
Q

The crus, covering the aorta, are an extension of what structure?

IVC

Lungs

Diaphragm

Peritoneum

A

Diaphragm

273
Q

The right sided branch of the celiac trunk is which of the following?

Left gastric

Hepatic artery

Splenic artery

SMA

A

Hepatic artery

274
Q

Which of the follow list in order from superior to inferior the major branches of the abdominal aorta:

Celiac Trunk, SMA, IMA, Renal Arteries

Celiac Trunk, SMA, Renal Arteries, IMA

SMA, IMA, Celiac Trunk, Renal Arteries

Celiac Trunk, Renal Arteries, SMA, IMA

A

Celiac Trunk, SMA, Renal Arteries, IMA

275
Q

The whitish opaque portion of the eye is termed the:

Sclera

Cornea

Lens

Conjunctiva

A

Sclera

276
Q

The transparent anterior bulge of the bulbus oculi is termed the:

Conjunctiva

Lens

Sclera

Cornea

A

Cornea

277
Q

The thin membrane protected the anterior portion of the eye is termed the:

Sclera

Lens

Conjunctiva

Cornea

A

Conjunctiva

278
Q

The structure responsible for directing light onto the retina is termed:

Conjunctiva

Lens

Cornea

Sclera

A

Lens

279
Q

T/F: The large nerve exiting the eye is termed the ophthalmic nerve.

A

False

280
Q

The ophthalmic artery is a direct branch of which of the following vessels?

Common carotid

Internal carotid

Internal jugular

External carotid

A

Internal carotid

281
Q

Which of the following is not a salivary gland?

Parotid

Submandibular

Parathyroid

Sublingual

A

Parathyroid

282
Q

Which of the following vessels typically arises directly from the aortic arch?

Right common carotid

Basilar

Left common carotid

Vertebral

A

Left common carotid

283
Q

The parotid glands are oriented posterior to what aspect of the mandible?

None of the above

Body

Mentum

Ramus

A

Ramus

284
Q

The submandibular glands are located medially to what aspect of the mandible?

Ramus

Body

None of the above

Mentum

A

Body

285
Q

Which of the following glands are positioned directly below the tongue?

Parotid

Sublingual

Lacrimal

Submandibular

A

Sublingual

286
Q

Each common carotid artery bifurcated into internal and external carotid arteries at the level of the:

Jugular notch

EAM

Foramen magnum

Thyroid cartilage

A

Thyroid cartilage

287
Q

Which of the following vessels do not enter the skull?

None of the above

External Carotid

Vertebrals

Internal Carotid

A

External Carotid

288
Q

Which of the following vessel pairs ultimately merge and form the basilar artery?

Internal Carotids

External Carotids

Vertebrals

Internal Jugulars

A

Vertebrals

289
Q

Which of the following vessels supply blood to the face and scalp?

External Carotids

Internal Jugulars

Vertebrals

Internal Carotids

A

External Carotids

290
Q

Which of the following does not help supply blood to the Circle of Willis?

Internal Carotids

External Carotids

None of the above

Vertebrals

A

External Carotids

291
Q

T/F: The vertebral arteries pass through the vertebral foramina of the cervical spine on the way to the cranium.

A

False

292
Q

T/F: If it weren’t for your awesome instructor you wouldn’t love cross sectional anatomy nearly as much as you do now.

A

True

293
Q

The basilar artery is formed at the level of which of the following structure?

Thyroid cartilage

EAM

Jugular notch

Foramen magnum

A

Foramen magnum

294
Q

T/F: The anterior and external jugular veins usually drain superficial areas such as the face and scalp.

A

True

295
Q

What structure marks the beginning of the lower respiratory system?

Larynx

Oropharynx

Nasopharynx

None of the above

A

Larynx

296
Q

The most inferior portion of the pharynx is the:

None of the above

Nasopharynx

Laryngopharynx

Oropharynx

A

Laryngopharynx

297
Q

Which of the following is the lower border of the oropharynx?

Epiglottis

Soft palate

Thyroid cartilage

Palatine tonsils

A

Epiglottis

298
Q

The thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and the epiglottis are all structures of the:

Esophagus

Oropharynx

Trachea

Larynx

A

Larynx

299
Q

Which of the following structures marks the transition of the larynx into the trachea?

Cricoid cartilage

Epiglottis

Soft palate

Thyroid cartilage

A

Cricoid cartilage

300
Q

Which aspect of the larynx covers the trachea during swallowing?

Soft palate

Epiglottis

Cricoid cartilage

Thyroid cartilage

A

Epiglottis

301
Q

Which structure is positioned closest to the spine?

Esophagus

Trachea

A

Esophagus

302
Q

The trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi at what spinal level?

T10-T11

T2-T3

T4-T5

C7-T1

A

T4-T5

303
Q

Which of the following marks the superior margin of the pelvis?

Quadratus lumborum

Iliac bones

Abdominal muscles

Sacral Prominens

A

Sacral Prominens

304
Q

Which of the following defines the anterior border of the pelvis?

Abdominal muscles

Sacral Prominens

Iliac bones

Quadratus lumborum

A

Abdominal muscles

305
Q

Which of the following is least likely to be identified in the pelvis?

Jejunum

Duodenum

Cecum

Ileum

A

Duodenum

306
Q

Which of the following may be found in the pelvis but not in the abdomen?

GI tract

Urinary system

Peritoneum

Reproductive organs

A

Reproductive organs

307
Q

T/F: The appendix extends from the cecum.

A

True

308
Q

What term describes the s-shaped portion of the large bowl in the LLQ?

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

Anus

A

Sigmoid colon

309
Q

What term describes the last segment of the GI tract?

Descending colon

Rectum

Sigmoid colon

Anus

A

Rectum

310
Q

T/F: The appendix is always found directly behind the cecum at the level of S1.

A

False

311
Q

Which of the following describes an organ with thin muscular walls located on the anterior abdominal wall?

Prostate

Uterus

Rectum

Bladder

A

Bladder

312
Q

Which of the following is the most posterior structure in the male pelvis?

Iliac muscles

Uterus

Prostate

Rectum

A

Rectum

313
Q

Which of the following structures is sometime situated above and behind the bladder?

Rectum

Iliac muscles

Uterus

Prostate

A

Uterus

314
Q

Which of the following may be found below and behind the urinary bladder?

Rectum

Prostate

Uterus

Iliac muscles

A

Prostate

315
Q

Which of the following describes the most anterior structure of the female pelvis?

Rectum

Bladder

Prostate

Uterus

A

Bladder

316
Q

Which of the following describes a sac-like organ with variable appearance and orientation located in the center of the pelvic floor?

Bladder

Uterus

Rectum

Prostate

A

Uterus

317
Q

The ureters joint to the bladder on which of its surfaces?

Inferior

Anterior

Superior

Posterior

A

Posterior

318
Q

The ph of the fluid secreted by the prostate is acidic or alkaline?

Alkaline

Acidic

A

Alkaline

319
Q

The urethra in males passes through which of these organs?

Prostate

Uterus

Rectum

Iliac muscles

A

Prostate

320
Q

T/F: The uterus appears as the same shape and same orientation in all women.

A

False

321
Q

During menstruation the walls of the uterus may appear thicker or thinner usual?

Thicker

Thinner

A

Thicker

322
Q

T/F: During ovulation the ovaries decrease in size.

A

False

323
Q

The most superior bone of the pelvic bone is the:

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

A

Ilium

324
Q

The most anterior bone of the pelvic bone is the:

Pubis

Ischium

Ilium

A

Pubis

325
Q

Which of the following does not form the rami of the obturator foramen?

Pubis

Ilium

Ischium

A

Ilium

326
Q

Which of the following forms the wings attaching to the sacrum?

Pubis

Ilium

Ischium

A

Ilium

327
Q

Which of the following bones joint at the acetabulum? (select all correct)

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

A

All of the above

328
Q

Which of the following bone forms an uncomfortable tuberosity on your posterior?

Ilium

Pubis

Ischium

A

Ischium

329
Q

The aorta bifurcates into which of the following at the level of L4?

Common femoral arteries

Internal iliac arteries

IVC

Common iliac arteries

A

Common iliac arteries

330
Q

The confluence of the common iliac veins forms which of the following?

Common iliac arteries

IVC

Common femoral arteries

Internal iliac arteries

A

IVC

331
Q

As it passes behind the inguinal ligament, the external iliac artery becomes which of the following?

Common iliac arteries

IVC

Internal iliac arteries

Common femoral arteries

A

Common femoral arteries

MRI Anatomy (1 decks)

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