Final Review Flashcards
An axial plane divides the body into _______ and ________ portions.
Dorsal and ventral
Upper and lower
Front and back
Right and left
Upper and lower
In standard anatomic position, the hands and feet are:
Internally Rotated
Pronated
Dorsaflexed
Forward
Forward
In standard anatomic position, a sagittal plane is oriented:
Horizontally
Obliquely
Vertically
Axially
Vertically
Define Anterior/Ventral
Towards the front
Define Superior
Above
Define Posterior/Dorsal
Towards the back
Define Medial
Towards the midline
Define Inferior
Below
Define Lateral
Away from midline
Define Proximal
Towards the origin
Define Deep
Away from skin/surface
Define Cranial/Cephalic
Towards the head
Define Caudal
Towards the feet
Define Distal
Away from the origin
Define Superficial
Towards the skin/surface
Define Ipsilateral
On the same side
Define Plantar
Bottom of foot
Define Contralateral
On the opposite side
Define Palmar
Anterior hand
Define Costal Margin
L3
Define Symphysis Pubis
Coccyx
Define Mastoid Tip
C1
Define Umbilicus
L3/4
Define Iliac Crest
L4
Define ASIS
S1
Define Vertabra Prominens
C7
Define Jugular Notch
T2/3
Define Sternal Angle
T4/5
Most of the Stomach is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?
RLQ
LLQ
LUQ
RUQ
LUQ
Much of the SB is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?
RLQ
LLQ
LUQ
RUQ
LLQ
The appendix is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?
RUQ
RLQ
LLQ
LUQ
RLQ
The cecum is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?
RUQ
LLQ
RLQ
LUQ
RLQ
The Dorsal cavity is partitioned into what two cavities? (mark all correct)
Cranial
Pelvis
Spinal
Mediastinal
Abdominal
Cranial
Spinal
The elbow is _________ to the shoulder.
Deep
Superficial
Proximal
Distal
Distal
The gallbladder is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?
LLQ
RLQ
RUQ
LUQ
RUQ
The hepatic flexture of the colon is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?
LUQ
RUQ
RLQ
LLQ
RUQ
T/F: The kidneys are oriented deep to the muscles of the abdominal wall.
True
The lungs are located within which body cavity?
All of the above
Dorsal
Mediastinum
Pleural
Pleural
The neck is ________ to the chest.
Cephalic
Inferior
Caudal
Posterior
Cephalic
The right and left arms would be referred to as:
Ipsilateral
Lateral
Contralateral
Medial
Contralateral
The sigmoid colon is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?
LLQ
RUQ
RLQ
LUQ
LLQ
The spine is nearest what surface of the body?
Dorsal
Rostral
Ventral
Anterior
Dorsal
The spleen is located within which quadrant of the abdomen?
RLQ
LLQ
RUQ
LUQ
LUQ
The thoracic cavity is further subdivided into what other body cavities? (choose all correct)
Cranial
Spinal
Pleural
Pelvis
Mediastinal
Pleural
Mediastinal
The thymus is located within which body cavity?
Pleural
Mediastinum
Dorsal
All of the above
Mediastinum
The thyroid cartilage is at the level of:
C3
C4
C2
C5
C5
The Xiphoid process is at the level of:
T12
T10
T9
T11
T10
Which of the following is the largest cavity of the body?
Dorsal
Mediastinum
Cranial
Ventral
Ventral
Which of the following organs is not located within the mediastinum?
None of the above
Thyroid
Heart
Great Vessels
Thyroid
Which of these structures are contained within the mediastinum? (choose all correct)
Thyroid
Esophagus
Trachea
Thymus
Esophagus
Trachea
Thymus
Which of these structures are contained within the pelvic cavity? (choose all correct)
Ovaries
Gonads
Kidneys
Rectum
Ovaries
Gonads
Rectum
A process of the malar bone joins with which bone of the cranium to form the zygomatic arch?
Temporal
Parietal
Sphenoid
Frontal
Temporal
Internal and external protuberances are processes of what cranial bone?
Sphenoid
Parietal
Ethmoid
Occipital
Occipital
Structures within which portion of the ear also control equilibrium and balance?
External
Tympanic portion
Middle
Inner
Inner
The angle of the mandible is also known as the:
Gonion
Ramus
Alveolar Process
Body
Gonion
The bones of the cranium are joined together at immovable joints called:
Sinuses
Sutures
Spines
Sphenoid
Sutures
T/F: The boney orbit is formed by several bones including the maxillae, frontal, lacrimal, and ethmoid bones.
True
The chin is also called the:
Gonion
Ramus
Mentum
Acanthion
Mentum
The cochlea is found in which portion of the ear?
Inner
Middle
Tympanic portion
External
Inner
The cranium is comprised of how many bones?
22
8
14
None of the above
8
The external and middle ear are separated by the:
Eustachian tube
Auricle
Tympanic membrane
EAM
Tympanic membrane
The external walls of the EAM are formed by which portion of the temporal bone?
Petrous
Squamous
Tympanic
Mastoid
Tympanic
The foramen ovale provides passage for which of the following?
Optic Nerve
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
Maxillary Nerve
Middle meningeal artery
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
The foramen rotundum provides passage for which of the following?
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
Maxillary Nerve
Middle meningeal artery
Optic Nerve
Maxillary Nerve
The foramen spinosum provides passage for which of the following?
Maxillary Nerve
Optic Nerve
Middle meningeal artery
Mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve
Middle meningeal artery
The jugular foramen is formed at the junctions of what two bones?
Occipital and temporal
Sphenoid and temporal
Temporal and sphenoid
Temporal and parietal
Occipital and temporal
The largest immovable bones of the face are which of the following?
Maxillae
Mandible
Palatine
Zygoma
Maxillae
The mandible and maxillary bones each have which of the following processes?
Zygomatic
Condylar
Alveolar
Palatine
Alveolar
The mandibular condyle articulates with which of the following cranial bones?
Occipital
Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Temporal
The mastoid air cells are found in which of the following cranial bones?
Temporal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Temporal
The middle and inner ear are formed by which portion of the temporal bones?
Squamous
Petrous
Mastoid
Tympanic
Petrous
The most superior point of the junction of what two bones is referred to as the vertex of the skull?
Temporal
Parietal
Sphenoid
Frontal
Parietal
The optic nerve and the ophthalmic artery pass through the optic canals in which cranial bone?
Parietal
Sphenoid
Occipital
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
The perpendicular plate of what bone forms the superior portion of the nasal septum?
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Palatine
Vomer
Ethmoid
The perpendicular plate articulates with which bone to form the boney nasal septum?
Occipital
Ethmoid
Vomer
Sphenoid
Vomer
The posterior portion of the sella turcica is called the:
Dorsum Sellae
Styloid Process
Greater wings
Tuberculum Sellae
Dorsum Sellae
The sphenoid sinus is located below which aspect of the sphenoid bone?
Optic Canal
Sella turcica
Lesser wing
Greater wing
Sella turcica
The zygomatic process extends from which portion of the temporal bone?
Petrous
Squamous
Tympanic
Mastoid
Squamous
What single cranial bone articulated with all other cranial bones?
Occipital
Ethmoid
Parietal
Sphenoid
Sphenoid
Which aspect of the ear contains the auditory ausicles?
Inner
External
Middle
Auricular portion
Middle
Which boney process within the cranium contains the pituitary gland?
Sella Turcica
Sphenoid sinus
Foramen magnum
Dorsum Sellae
Sella Turcica
Which of the following is not a process of the Ethmoid bone?
Inferior nasal conchae
Superior nasal conchae
Middle nasal conchae
Cribriform plate
Inferior nasal conchae
Which of the following is a process of the sphenoid bone? (choose all correct)
Sella Turcica
Tuberculum Sellae
Lesser wings
Greater wings
All of the above
Which of the following is the largest of the facial bones?
Maxilla
Frontal
Zygoma
Mandible
Mandible
Which of the paranasal sinuses is present at birth?
Sphenoid
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Maxillary
Which of the sinuses is the largest?
Frontal
Ethmoid
Maxillary
Sphenoid
Maxillary
Which portion of the temporal bone is considered the thickest boney aspect of the cranium?
Tympanic
Mastoid
Squamous
Petrous
Petrous
All of the venous pathways in the brain ultimately drain into which major vessels of the neck?
Internal jugular veins
Common carotid arteries
Internal carotid arteries
Vertebral arteries
Internal jugular veins
Blood is supplied to the Circle of Willis by way of which of the following? (mark all correct)
Basilar artery
Communicating arteries
Internal Carotids
Cerebral arteries
Basilar artery
Internal Carotids
The basilar artery is formed by the union of what two arteries?
Communicating arteries
Vertebrals
Internal carotids
Cerebral arteries
Vertebrals
The cerebellum communicates with other aspects of the brain by way of which of the following?
All of the above
Tentorium
Peduncles
Vermis
Peduncles
The cerebral aqueduct of the ventricular system is a passage way for: which of the following?
CSF
Venous blood
Arterial blood
Myelinated axon bodies
CSF
The cerebrum is connected medially by which of the following structures?
Vermis
Insula
Midbrain
Corpus Callosum
Corpus Callosum
The fold of the dura mater extending into the longitudinal fissure is termed the:
Falx Cerebelli
Inferior Sagittal Sinus
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Falx Cerebri
Falx Cerebri
The folds of the brain’s surface may be referred to as:
Sinuses
Fissures
Sulci
Gyri
Gyri
The lobes of the cerebellum are connected medially by which of the following structures?
Vermis
Corpus Callosum
Insula
Midbrain
Vermis
The lobes of the cerebellum are connected medially by way of the:
Cerebral Cortex
Insula
Vermis
Corpus Callosum
Vermis
The longitudinal fissure separates which aspects of the brain?
Cerebral and Cerebellar
Right and Left Cerebral Lobes
Temporal and Parietal Lobes
Frontal and Parietal
Right and Left Cerebral Lobes
The most posterior aspect of the cerebrum is the:
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Occipital lobe
Occipital lobe
The pineal gland is the most important feature of which aspect of the diencephalon?
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Pituitary gland
Epithalamus
Epithalamus
The pituitary gland is attached by the infundibulum to what other feature of the diencephalon?
Thalamus
Epithalamus
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
The pre-central and post-central gyri are adjacent to which fissure of the brain?
Longitudinal Fissure
Interhemispheric Fissure
Lateral Fissure
Central Fissure
Central Fissure
The sigmoid sinus is an extension of what vein in the brain?
Sigmoid sinus
Straight sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Transverse sinus
Transverse sinus
The space outside of the dura mater is termed the:
Cisterna magna
Subdural space
Subarachnoid space
Epidural space
Epidural space
The subarachnoid space is between which meninges?
Pia and dura
Arachnoid and pia
Dura and arachnoid
Arachnoid and pia
The subdural space is between which layers of the meninges?
Dura and arachnoid
Pia and dura
Arachnoid and pia
Dura and arachnoid
The superior sagittal sinus continues as what venous pathway in the brain?
Inferior sagittal sinus
Transverse sinus
Straight sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Transverse sinus
The trigone is a feature of which CSF reservoir?
Lateral ventricles
Fourth ventricle
Third ventricle
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Lateral ventricles
Through which aspect of the brainstem does the cerebral aqueduct transverse?
Mid brain
Pons
None of the above
Medulla oblongata
Mid brain
What fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?
Lateral Fissure
Rolandic Fissure
Longitudinal Fissure
Central Fissure
Lateral Fissure
What fissure separates the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain?
Central Fissure
Longitudinal Fissure
Lateral Fissure
Interhemispheric Fissure
Central Fissure
Which aspect of the brainstem is continuous with the spinal cord?
Mid brain
None of the above
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata
Which aspect of the diencephalon is considered the master endocrine gland?
Thalamus
Epithalamus
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Which aspect of the diencephalon helps to form the lateral walls of the third ventricles?
Pituitary gland
Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Which aspect of the ventricular system is positioned between the lobes of the thalamus?
Fourth ventricle
Lateral ventricles
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Third ventricle
Third ventricle
Which aspect of the ventricular system is shaped like a diamond?
Fourth ventricle
Lateral ventricles
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
Which CSF passage allows for communication between the lateral and third ventricles?
Cerebral aqueduct
Foramen of Luschka
Interventricular foramen
Foramen of Magendie
Interventricular foramen
Which fold of the dura mater divides the two lobes of the cerebellum?
Falx cerebrum
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium
Diaphragma sellae
Falx cerebelli
Which fold of the dura mater divides the right and left halves of the cerebrum?
Diaphragma sellae
Tentorium
Falx cerebrum
Falx cerebelli
Falx cerebrum
Which fold of the dura mater covers the pituitary gland?
Falx cerebrum
Diaphragma sellae
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium
Diaphragma sellae
Which fold of the dura mater separates the cerebrum and cerebellum?
Tentorium
Falx cerebelli
Falx cerebrum
Diaphragma sellae
Tentorium
Which of the following is the largest aspect of the brain?
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Which of the following vessels circulate blood from the Circle of Willis into the brain?
Cerebral arteries
Basilar artery
Internal carotids
Communicating arteries
Cerebral arteries
Which of the following arteries circulate blood around the major vessels of the Circle of Willis?
Internal carotids
Cerebral arteries
Communicating arteries
Basilar artery
Communicating arteries
Which of the following veins does not directly connect to the Confluence of Sinuses?
Straight sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus
Transverse sinus
Sigmoid sinus
Which of the following is not an aspect of the cerebrum?
Insula
Cerebral Cortex
Corpus Callosum
Vermis
Vermis
Which of the following is not composed of white brain matter?
Myelinated Axons
Cerebral cortex
None of the above
Corpus Callosum
Cerebral cortex
Which of the following is the most inferior aspect of the brainstem?
None of the above
Mid brain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata
Which of the following houses most of the thalamus?
Mid brain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
None of the above
None of the above
Which of the following allows for CSF communication between the third and fourth ventricles?
Foramen of Luschka
Cerebral aqueduct
Foramen of Magendie
Interventricular foramen
Cerebral aqueduct
Which of the following connects the ventricular system to the subarachnoid space?
Cerebral aqueduct
Interventricular foramen
Foramen of Magendie
Foramen of Luschka
Foramen of Luschka
Which of the following is the largest aperture connection the 4th ventricle to the basal cisterns and central canal of the spinal cord?
Interventricular foramen
Foramen of Luschka
Cerebral aqueduct
Foramen of Magendie
Foramen of Magendie
Which of the following structure is responsible for producing CSF?
Ventricles
Basal cisterns
Choroid plexus
Meninges
Choroid plexus
Which of the meninges attaches directly to the surface of the brain?
Arachnoid
All of the above
Pia mater
Dura mater
Pia mater
Which portion of the brainstem is identifiable as a prominent bulge near the center of the brain?
None of the above
Medulla oblongata
Pons
Mid brain
Pons
Widened areas of the subarachnoid space are referred to as:
Meninges
Basal cisterns
Choroid plexus
Ventricles
Basal cisterns
T/F: All vertebrae of the cervical spine share the same characteristic features.
False
An abnormal forward curvature of the thoracic spine is termed:
Kyphosis
Hypnosis
Prognosis
Lordosis
Kyphosis
An exaggerated curve of the lumbar spine is termed:
Scoliosis
Hunchback
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Lordosis
Costo-vertebral joints are a feature unique to which aspect of the vertebral column?
Cervical
Lumbar
Sacral
Thoracic
Thoracic
How many vertebra of the spine are movable?
24
30
23
33
24
Spinal nerves exit the vertebral column via what feature of the spine?
Transverse foramina
Spinal canal
Vertebral canal
Intervertebral foramina
Intervertebral foramina
T/F: The 2nd cervical vertebra has both an anterior arch and a posterior arch.
False
The anterior projections of the gray matter within the spinal cord continue outside of the cord as which of the following?
Dorsal nerve roots
White matter
Ventral nerve roots
Ganglia
Ventral nerve roots
The dens is a feature of which cervical vertebra?
C7
C1
C2
C6
C2
T/F: The external borders of the spinal cord are composes of white matter.
True
T/F: The fluid-filled outer ring of the intervertebral discs is termed the nucleus pulpous.
False
T/F: The lateral masses of C1 bear the weight of the head.
True
The nerve bundles extending from the distal end of the spinal cord are termed the:
Cauda equina
Conus medullaris
Sella Turcica
Medulla oblongata
Cauda equina
The semispinalis muscles belong to which of the following muscle groups?
Splenius muscles
Transversospinal muscles
Psoas muscles
Erector spinae muscles
Splenius muscles
The spinal cord continues from what other feature of the CNS?
Sella Turcica
Conus medullaris
Cauda equina
Medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata
The spinal cord ends at the level of which vertebra?
C1
S1
T1
L1
L1
The terminal end of the spinal cord is described by which of the following?
Sella Turcica
Conus medullaris
Cauda equina
Medulla oblongata
Conus medullaris
The transverse foramina are a pathway for which of the following?
Jugular veins
Vertebral arteries
Spinal cord
Spinal nerves
Vertebral arteries
The vertebral column is composed of how many vertebrae?
24
33
23
30
33
Which of the following aspects of the spine have a normal kyphotic curve? (choose all correct)
Lumbar
Sacrum
Thoracic
Cervical
Sacrum
Thoracic
Which of the following lacks a typical vertebral body?
C1
C7
C2
C6
C1
Which of the following lacks a bifid spinous process? (Choose all correct answers)
C7
C1
C6
C2
C7
C1
Which of the following is used a as landmark dividing the abdominal and pelvic cavities?
Sacral hiatus
Lateral masses
Sacral Foramina
Sacral promontory
Sacral promontory
Which of the following is also known as the ala?
Lateral masses
Sacral hiatus
Sacral Foramina
Sacral promontory
Lateral masses
Which of the following describes the large opening on the inferior aspect of the sacrum?
Sacral Foramina
Lateral masses
Sacral hiatus
Sacral promontory
Sacral hiatus
Which of the following is formed within the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae?
Sacral hiatus
Sacral promontory
Lateral masses
SI Joint
Lateral masses
Which of the following cavities is not filled by CSF?
None of the above
Subdural space
Subarachnoid space
Central canal
Subdural space
Which of the following is a direct extension of the ventricular system of the brain?
None of the above
Central canal
Subdural space
Epidural space
Central canal
Which of the following is accessed and injected with contrast for a myelogram?
Central canal
None of the above
Subarachnoid space
Subdural space
Subarachnoid space
Which of the following is accessed during an epidural to inject anesthetic agents?
Central canal
Subarachnoid space
Subdural space
None of the above
None of the above
Which of the following terms refers to the lateral aspects of the vertebral arch to which the vertebral body attaches?
Articular Facets
Pedicle
Transverse process
Lamina
Pedicle
Which of the following muscle groups are the chief extends of the entire spine?
Psoas muscles
Splenius muscles
Transversospinal muscles
Erector spinae muscles
Erector spinae muscles
Which of the following muscle groups extend from the cervical vertebrae through the upper thoracic spine?
Erector spinae muscles
Splenius muscles
Psoas muscles
Transversospinal muscles
Splenius muscles
Which of the following muscle groups attach between the spinous processes and transverse processes of different vertebrae?
Erector spinae muscles
Splenius muscles
Psoas muscles
Transversospinal muscles
Transversospinal muscles
Which of the following terms refers to the most lateral appendages of a typical vertebra?
Transverse process
Pedicle
Articular Facets
Lamina
Transverse process
Which of the following terms refers to the most posterior aspect of the neural arch?
Articular Facets
Transverse process
Lamina
Pedicle
Lamina
Which of the following is an insertion site for the transversospinal muscles of the vertebral column?
Pedicle
Articular Facets
Transverse process
Lamina
Transverse process
Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only cervical vertebrae?
Large vertebral bodies
Fused transverse processes
Transverse foramina
Facets and demi-facets
Transverse foramina
Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only thoracic vertebrae?
Facets and demi-facets
Fused transverse processes
Transverse foramina
Large vertebral bodies
Facets and demi-facets
Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only lumbar vertebrae?
Large vertebral bodies
Transverse foramina
Facets and demi-facets
Fused transverse processes
Large vertebral bodies
Which of the following is a feature characteristic of only sacral vertebrae?
Facets and demi-facets
Large vertebral bodies
Fused transverse processes
Transverse foramina
Fused transverse processes
Which vertebral ligament runs along the ventral surface of the vertebral column?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Interspinous ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Which vertebral ligament attaches between the lamina of adjoining vertebrae?
Interspinous ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Which vertebral ligament covers the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies of the spine?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous ligament
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Which vertebral ligament can be seen on sagittal imaging extending between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae?
Posterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior longitudinal ligament
Interspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous ligament
A thoracic vertebra may be identified as it has which of the following?
Costal facets
Large vertebral body
All of the above
Transverse foramina
Costal facets
The first _______ ribs are considered true ribs.
Eight
Six
Seven
Five
Seven
Which of the following statements describes the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs?
They are fused together by costal cartilage
They do not attach to the sternum
They are considered floating ribs
All of the above
They are fused together by costal cartilage
Which aspect of the sternum is visualized on an axial image displaying the articulation of the clavicles with the sternum?
Manubrium
Xiphoid process
Any of the above
Body
Manubrium
The large projection on the posterior surface of the scapula dividing it into upper and lower fossae is termed the:
Coracoid process
Scapular spine
Glenoid fossa
Acromion process
Scapular spine
Which aspect of the scapula articulates which the clavicle?
Scapular spine
Glenoid fossa
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Acromion process
Which aspect of the scapula articulates with the humeral head?
Coracoid process
Acromion process
Glenoid fossa
Scapular spine
Glenoid fossa
Which of the following terms describes the posterior-lateral beaklike projection of the scapulae?
Coracoid process
Glenoid fossa
Scapular spine
Acromion process
Coracoid process
Posteriorly the trachea is in contact with which structure of the mediastinum?
Thyroid tissue
Carotid arteries
Larynx
Esophagus
Esophagus
Anteriorly, the trachea is covered by which of the following structures?
Carotid arteries
Esophagus
Larynx
Thyroid tissue
Thyroid tissue
The trachea begins at what level of the spine?
T6
T12
C6
T1
C6
Which primary bronchus is longer?
Left
Right
Left
Which primary bronchus has a greater diameter?
Left
Right
Right
Which primary bronchus divides into three braches?
Left
Right
Right
Which primary bronchus has an eparterial branch?
Right
Left
Right
Which primary bronchus is directed more inferiorly than laterally?
Right
Left
Right
The superior aspect of the lungs are grossly termed the:
Diaphragmatic surface
Mediastinal surface
Base
Apex
Apex
The most lateral aspect of the lung base may be described as which of the following?
Lung root
Costo-phrenic angles
Hilum
Costal surface
Costo-phrenic angles
The most medial aspect of the lungs’ surface is termed the: (choose all correct)
Costo-phrenic angles
Lung root
Hilum
Costal surface
Lung root
Hilum
Which of the following terms are essentially synonymous? (choose all correct)
Costal surface
Lung root
Hilum
Costo-phrenic angles
Lung root
Hilum
Which lobe of the left lung comprises most of that lungs anterior surface?
Superior
Middle
Any of the above
Inferior
Superior
Which lobe of the left lung constitutes almost the entire lung base?
Superior
Inferior
Any of the above
Middle
Inferior
Which lobe of the left lung comprises most of that lungs mediastinal surface?
Superior
Inferior
Any of the above
Middle
Superior
The left lung has how many fissures?
Three
Two
One
One
The right lung has how many lobes?
Three
Two
One
Three
The lungs are connected to the mediastinum via what structure?
Mediastinal pleura
Lung roots
Interlobular fissures
Visceral pleura
Lung roots
Which of the following describes the anatomical unit of the lungs?
Lobes
Alveoli
Primary lobules
Secondary lobules
Primary lobules
The last airway passage in the bronchial tree is which of the following?
Secondary bronchi
Alveolar ducts
Lobular bronchi
Primary bronchi
Alveolar ducts
Which of the following terms is also termed tertiary bronchi?
Secondary bronchi
Lobular bronchi
Alveolar ducts
Primary bronchi
Lobular bronchi
Which of the following is formed at the carina?
Secondary bronchi
Lobular bronchi
Alveolar ducts
Primary bronchi
Primary bronchi
Which of the following supplies blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Which of the following carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Which of the following emptied blood into the left atrium?
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Which of the following arises from the right ventricle?
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Which of the following arises from the left ventricle?
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Which of the following supplies arterial blood to the myocardium?
Pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Coronary arteries
Coronary arteries
The primary pulmonary veins are how many in number?
Four
Two
Three
Four
Which of the following directs blood from the lungs into the heart?
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary veins
Which of the following supplies blood to the majority of the body?
Aorta
Coronary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Which of the following is a fibrous tissue lining the inner walls of the hearts chambers?
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
Pericardium
Endocardium
Which of the following is the visceral layer of the heart’s serous membrane?
Endocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Which of the following refers to the heart muscle?
Myocardium
Epicardium
Endocardium
Myocardium
Deoxygenated blood is emptied into which chamber of the heart?
Right Ventricle
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Deoxygenated blood leaves the heart via what chamber?
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
The coronary arteries extend from what large vessel of the heart?
Superior Vena Cava
Aorta
Azygos Vein
Pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Which of the following is a branch of the left main coronary artery?
Circumflex
None of the above
Right anterior descending
Right main
Circumflex
T/F: The coronary veins drain into the coronary sinus and ultimately into the right atrium.
True
Which of the following is the first branch of the aorta?
Brachiocephalic trunk
Right common carotid
Left subclavian
Right subclavian
Brachiocephalic trunk
The SVC is formed by the joining of which of the following vessels? (choose all correct)
IVC
Azygos vein
Left brachiocephalic vein
Right brachiocephalic vein
Left brachiocephalic vein
Right brachiocephalic vein
Which of the following is the chief venous pathway of the trunk and lower body?
Right brachiocephalic vein
IVC
Left brachiocephalic vein
Azygos vein
IVC
Which of the following drains blood from the posterior thorax and abdomen?
Right brachiocephalic vein
Azygos vein
Left brachiocephalic vein
IVC
Azygos vein
Which of these muscles marks the division between the chest and abdominal cavities?
Diaphragm
Quadratus lumborum
Iliac
Psoas
Diaphragm
Which of the muscles is visualized on the posterior of the abdominal cavity? (select all correct)
Diaphragm
Psoas
Quadratus lumborum
Iliac
Psoas
Quadratus lumborum
The peritoneum is a:
Serous Membrane
Muscle
Organ
Vessel
Serous Membrane
Which of the following is not a retroperitoneal structure?
IVC
Ureters
Kidneys
Transverse colon
Transverse colon
Which of the following is a retroperitoneal structure? (choose all correct)
Small bowel
Spleen
Ascending colon
Aorta
Ascending colon
Aorta
The omentum is attaches to which of the following structures?
Stomach
Small bowel
Large bowel
Liver
Stomach
The mesentery is primary attached to which of the following structures?
Liver
Stomach
Small bowel
Large bowel
Small bowel
Which of the following is a retroperitoneal structure?
Duodenum
Ileum
Jejunum
All of the above
Duodenum
Which of the following is the largest lobe of the liver?
Left
Right
Caudate
Quadrate
Right
Blood from the splenic and mesenteric veins is first directed to the:
SVC
Portal vein
Aorta
IVC
Portal vein
Arterial blood to the liver is provided by a branch of what artery?
Celiac Trunk
IMA
SMA
Celiac Trunk
Which of the following organs helps to produce antibodies?
Pancreas
Kidneys
Liver
Spleen
Spleen
Insulin and glucagon are products of which of the following organs?
Liver
Kidneys
Spleen
Pancreas
Pancreas
The hepatic artery shares a common trunk with which of the following vessels?
SMA
Splenic artery
IMA
Renal arteries
Splenic artery
The portal vein is formed by the confluence of which of the following vessels? (Choose all correct)
Splenic vein
SMV
IMV
Renal veins
Splenic vein
SMV
IMV
What aspect of the SB is related to the head of the pancreas?
Jejunum
Ileum
Duodenum
Duodenum
Gerota’s fascia surrounds which of these organs?
Small bowel
Spleen
Kidneys
Pancreas
Kidneys
Which of the following vessels is visualized on the posterior surface of the pancreas?
Left gastric artery
SMA
Splenic artery
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Which of the following in not a branch of the celiac truck?
SMA
Splenic artery
Hepatic artery
Left gastric artery
SMA
Which kidney is usually positioned higher than the other?
Left
Right
Left
Renal pyramids are apparent in which aspect of the kidney?
Ureters
Medulla
Collecting system
Cortex
Medulla
The major calyces are formed by which of the following?
Renal pelvis
Minor calyces
Ureters
Renal cortex
Minor calyces
The kidneys receive oxygenated blood via what vessel?
IMA
SMA
Splenic Artery
None of the above
None of the above
Generally, the most superior structure of the renal hilum is the:
Ureter
Any of the above
Renal vein
Renal artery
Renal artery
The adrenal glands are visualized in relation to what other structures of the abdomen?
Small bowel
Pancreas
Spleen
Kidneys
Kidneys
Which of the following is the most superior aspect of the stomach?
Antrum
Pylorus
Cardia
Fundus
Fundus
Which of the following marks the beginning of the distal stomach?
Cardia
Antrum
Fundus
Pylorus
Antrum
Which of these continues as the duodenum?
Cardia
Fundus
Antrum
Pylorus
Pylorus
Which of these structures describes the junction of the stomach and the esophagus?
Pylorus
Cardia
Antrum
Fundus
Cardia
Which of the major braches of the aorta feed the stomach?
SMA
Celiac Trunk
IMA
All of the above
Celiac Trunk
The renal arteries extend form what structure?
IVC
Aorta
Renal pelvis
Aorta
The SB receives arterial blood from what branch of the aorta?
SMA
Celiac Trunk
IMA
All of the above
SMA
The descending colon is visualized in what portion of the abdomen?
Right
Left
Central
None of the above
Left
Which of the following continues as the sigmoid colon?
Transverse colon
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Cecum
Descending colon
Which of these is found between the hepatic and splenic flextures?
Transverse colon
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Cecum
Transverse colon
The appendix extends from what portion of the colon?
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Cecum
Transverse colon
Cecum
Which of these is the only portion of the colon that is peritoneal?
Cecum
Transverse colon
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Transverse colon
Most venous blood from the lower abdomen travel back to the heart via what vessel?
SVC
Portal vein
Aorta
IVC
IVC
The aorta bifurcates at what level?
None of the above
T12
Diaphragm
Umbilicus
Umbilicus
The crus, covering the aorta, are an extension of what structure?
IVC
Lungs
Diaphragm
Peritoneum
Diaphragm
The right sided branch of the celiac trunk is which of the following?
Left gastric
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery
SMA
Hepatic artery
Which of the follow list in order from superior to inferior the major branches of the abdominal aorta:
Celiac Trunk, SMA, IMA, Renal Arteries
Celiac Trunk, SMA, Renal Arteries, IMA
SMA, IMA, Celiac Trunk, Renal Arteries
Celiac Trunk, Renal Arteries, SMA, IMA
Celiac Trunk, SMA, Renal Arteries, IMA
The whitish opaque portion of the eye is termed the:
Sclera
Cornea
Lens
Conjunctiva
Sclera
The transparent anterior bulge of the bulbus oculi is termed the:
Conjunctiva
Lens
Sclera
Cornea
Cornea
The thin membrane protected the anterior portion of the eye is termed the:
Sclera
Lens
Conjunctiva
Cornea
Conjunctiva
The structure responsible for directing light onto the retina is termed:
Conjunctiva
Lens
Cornea
Sclera
Lens
T/F: The large nerve exiting the eye is termed the ophthalmic nerve.
False
The ophthalmic artery is a direct branch of which of the following vessels?
Common carotid
Internal carotid
Internal jugular
External carotid
Internal carotid
Which of the following is not a salivary gland?
Parotid
Submandibular
Parathyroid
Sublingual
Parathyroid
Which of the following vessels typically arises directly from the aortic arch?
Right common carotid
Basilar
Left common carotid
Vertebral
Left common carotid
The parotid glands are oriented posterior to what aspect of the mandible?
None of the above
Body
Mentum
Ramus
Ramus
The submandibular glands are located medially to what aspect of the mandible?
Ramus
Body
None of the above
Mentum
Body
Which of the following glands are positioned directly below the tongue?
Parotid
Sublingual
Lacrimal
Submandibular
Sublingual
Each common carotid artery bifurcated into internal and external carotid arteries at the level of the:
Jugular notch
EAM
Foramen magnum
Thyroid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Which of the following vessels do not enter the skull?
None of the above
External Carotid
Vertebrals
Internal Carotid
External Carotid
Which of the following vessel pairs ultimately merge and form the basilar artery?
Internal Carotids
External Carotids
Vertebrals
Internal Jugulars
Vertebrals
Which of the following vessels supply blood to the face and scalp?
External Carotids
Internal Jugulars
Vertebrals
Internal Carotids
External Carotids
Which of the following does not help supply blood to the Circle of Willis?
Internal Carotids
External Carotids
None of the above
Vertebrals
External Carotids
T/F: The vertebral arteries pass through the vertebral foramina of the cervical spine on the way to the cranium.
False
T/F: If it weren’t for your awesome instructor you wouldn’t love cross sectional anatomy nearly as much as you do now.
True
The basilar artery is formed at the level of which of the following structure?
Thyroid cartilage
EAM
Jugular notch
Foramen magnum
Foramen magnum
T/F: The anterior and external jugular veins usually drain superficial areas such as the face and scalp.
True
What structure marks the beginning of the lower respiratory system?
Larynx
Oropharynx
Nasopharynx
None of the above
Larynx
The most inferior portion of the pharynx is the:
None of the above
Nasopharynx
Laryngopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Which of the following is the lower border of the oropharynx?
Epiglottis
Soft palate
Thyroid cartilage
Palatine tonsils
Epiglottis
The thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and the epiglottis are all structures of the:
Esophagus
Oropharynx
Trachea
Larynx
Larynx
Which of the following structures marks the transition of the larynx into the trachea?
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Soft palate
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Which aspect of the larynx covers the trachea during swallowing?
Soft palate
Epiglottis
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Epiglottis
Which structure is positioned closest to the spine?
Esophagus
Trachea
Esophagus
The trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi at what spinal level?
T10-T11
T2-T3
T4-T5
C7-T1
T4-T5
Which of the following marks the superior margin of the pelvis?
Quadratus lumborum
Iliac bones
Abdominal muscles
Sacral Prominens
Sacral Prominens
Which of the following defines the anterior border of the pelvis?
Abdominal muscles
Sacral Prominens
Iliac bones
Quadratus lumborum
Abdominal muscles
Which of the following is least likely to be identified in the pelvis?
Jejunum
Duodenum
Cecum
Ileum
Duodenum
Which of the following may be found in the pelvis but not in the abdomen?
GI tract
Urinary system
Peritoneum
Reproductive organs
Reproductive organs
T/F: The appendix extends from the cecum.
True
What term describes the s-shaped portion of the large bowl in the LLQ?
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus
Sigmoid colon
What term describes the last segment of the GI tract?
Descending colon
Rectum
Sigmoid colon
Anus
Rectum
T/F: The appendix is always found directly behind the cecum at the level of S1.
False
Which of the following describes an organ with thin muscular walls located on the anterior abdominal wall?
Prostate
Uterus
Rectum
Bladder
Bladder
Which of the following is the most posterior structure in the male pelvis?
Iliac muscles
Uterus
Prostate
Rectum
Rectum
Which of the following structures is sometime situated above and behind the bladder?
Rectum
Iliac muscles
Uterus
Prostate
Uterus
Which of the following may be found below and behind the urinary bladder?
Rectum
Prostate
Uterus
Iliac muscles
Prostate
Which of the following describes the most anterior structure of the female pelvis?
Rectum
Bladder
Prostate
Uterus
Bladder
Which of the following describes a sac-like organ with variable appearance and orientation located in the center of the pelvic floor?
Bladder
Uterus
Rectum
Prostate
Uterus
The ureters joint to the bladder on which of its surfaces?
Inferior
Anterior
Superior
Posterior
Posterior
The ph of the fluid secreted by the prostate is acidic or alkaline?
Alkaline
Acidic
Alkaline
The urethra in males passes through which of these organs?
Prostate
Uterus
Rectum
Iliac muscles
Prostate
T/F: The uterus appears as the same shape and same orientation in all women.
False
During menstruation the walls of the uterus may appear thicker or thinner usual?
Thicker
Thinner
Thicker
T/F: During ovulation the ovaries decrease in size.
False
The most superior bone of the pelvic bone is the:
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Ilium
The most anterior bone of the pelvic bone is the:
Pubis
Ischium
Ilium
Pubis
Which of the following does not form the rami of the obturator foramen?
Pubis
Ilium
Ischium
Ilium
Which of the following forms the wings attaching to the sacrum?
Pubis
Ilium
Ischium
Ilium
Which of the following bones joint at the acetabulum? (select all correct)
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
All of the above
Which of the following bone forms an uncomfortable tuberosity on your posterior?
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Ischium
The aorta bifurcates into which of the following at the level of L4?
Common femoral arteries
Internal iliac arteries
IVC
Common iliac arteries
Common iliac arteries
The confluence of the common iliac veins forms which of the following?
Common iliac arteries
IVC
Common femoral arteries
Internal iliac arteries
IVC
As it passes behind the inguinal ligament, the external iliac artery becomes which of the following?
Common iliac arteries
IVC
Internal iliac arteries
Common femoral arteries
Common femoral arteries
