Final Review

Question 1

pros and cons of MRI

Answer 1

can map all bdy angles @ all depths without moving Pt

expensive, contraindications eg. metal and claustrophobia

Question 2

pros and cons of CT

Answer 2

procedures are accomplished quickly, bone imaging gold standard

radiation

Question 3

pros and cons of US

Answer 3

real time imaging, no radiation

small field of view, cannot view bowel, bone or lung

Question 4

pros and cons of NUC MED

Answer 4

early detection, alt for surgery

radiation, expensive

Question 5

pros and cons of RAD

Answer 5

quick and commonly used in ER situations

radiation

Question 6

types of transmission (precautions)

review this question on midterm
(review HIPPA packet–

Answer 6

Airborn- patho travel long distance by air
eg: TB , chickenpox

Bloodborn - blood, urine, vomit, feces, salivia contact
eg: AIDS, hepatitis

Contact- Touching w/ direct contact to patho
and indirect contact to patho
eg: MRSA, scabies, VRA

Droplet- Short travel distance, sneezing, coughing,
talking.
eg: flu, pneumonia

Question 7

Standard Precautions

Answer 7

wash hands
wear gloves
wear gown mask goggles
keep everything clean

Question 8

Universal Precautions

Answer 8

treat all body fluids as if they are infected
clean up immediately
wash hands
gown and gloves
masks and eye protection– where appropriate
dispose of waste safely
follow flow chart in work area

Question 9

what does HIPPA stand for

Answer 9

health
insurance
portability 
and accountability 
act

Question 10

what is HIPPA and why do we need it ?

Answer 10

law that requires providers to keep medical info about the Pt private
and gives Pt notice about these policies and legal duties with respect to their medical information

Question 11

what are ways to improve ergonomics of ultrasound

Answer 11

1. lightweight transducers with thin flexible cables- reducing strain on muscles and tendons in the arms-wrists-hands (repetitive motion, excessive force )
2. Good posture, positioning of Pt, and organization of work station. - reduces probability for muskoskeletal injuries, provides easy access to controls.

( >80% sonographer reporting pain 20% have career ending injuries)

Question 12

what is the first thing to check when greeting a Pt

Answer 12

name, DOB, MRN#, order for procedure to be preformed

Question 13

elements of a Pt chart

Answer 13

Hx
name, DOB, MRN#, 
allergies
prescriptions
past injuries

Question 14

history taking , what do you need to ask before the exam

Answer 14

allergies
why they are coming in for the exam, other pathological conditions in the past, surgeries, and what was the original appointment for that resulted in the order for the exam

Question 15

Scanning plane and screen orientation:

Longitudinal / Saggital

Answer 15

anterior
superior inferior
posterior

dividing the body into:

right and left halves

midsaggital plane
parasagital plane

Question 16

scanning plane and screen orientation :

Transverse

Answer 16

anterior
Pt right Pt left
posterior

dividing body into:

cross section through a whole body part

Question 17

scanning plane and screen orientation :

Coronal / Frontal

Answer 17

lateral
superior inferior
medial

divides the body into:
longitudinal plane - anterior and posterior halves

Question 18

anterior

Answer 18

(ventral)

toward the front of the body
in front of

Question 19

posterior

Answer 19

(dorsal)

toward or at the backside off the body
behind

Question 20

medial

Answer 20

toward the midline of the body

Question 21

lateral

Answer 21

away from the midline of the body

on the outer side of

Question 22

superior

Answer 22

(cranial or cephalad)

toward the head
upper part of a structure
above

Question 23

inferior

Answer 23

(caudal)

away from the head and neck
toward the lower part of a structure
below

Question 24

superficial

Answer 24

toward the surface

Question 25

deep

Answer 25

more internal

Question 26

proximal

Answer 26

pertaining to a body structure- close to origin

closer to attachment point of limb to the trunk of the body

eg:
elbow is proximal to the wrist

Question 27

distal

Answer 27

pertaining to a body structure- further from point of origin

eg: knee is distal to the thigh

Question 28

anatomy of the aorta

Answer 28

common hepatic—- CELIAC TRUNK—-splenic artery

                           - --------SMA----------  - --r. renal artery                                       ---l. renal artery 

—- ———–IMA ——— ——-

                                BIFURCATION 

—-r. common illiac l. common illiac—–

Question 29

prep for abdominal aortic exam

Answer 29

NPO 6-8 hours

Question 30

indications for abdominal aortic exam

Answer 30

pulsaitile abdominal mass
back pain
abdominal pain
syncope

Question 31

type of probe and frequency used in abdominal aortic exam

Answer 31

curvilinear

3-6 mHz

Question 32

Pt position

Answer 32

supine –w/ head slightly elevated

left lateral decubitis

Question 33

what possible pathological conditions are observed in an abdominal ultrasound

Answer 33

abdominal anurism