Final Review Flashcards
Variable that is directly affected by the independent variable
Dependent variable
The things you keep the same in an experiment
Control
What are the SIX unifying principals of Biology?
- Evolution
- Homeostasis
- Energy/matter and organization
- Development
- Continuity
- Ecology
A tentative, but logical prediction based on observations
Hypothesis
A comprehensive explanation of a set of natural phehomena supported by vast amounts of evidence from multiple sources
Theory
Describes how nature will behave under certain circumstances
Law
Science is empirical, meaning in order for something to be considered science it musr be able to be…..
Observable and experimental
Thinking ans learning, creativity, five senses, memory and emotion, problem solving, and descisions
Cerebrum
Receives messanges from mosr of the muscles in your body and communicates with the other parts of the brain
Cerebellum
Bundle of nerves that careies messanges between rhe brain and the rest of the body
Spinal cord
Heartbeat, breathing, digestion, swallowing, and blinking
Brain stem
The inherent inclination of a living organism towards a parricular complex behavior
Innate behavior
Fossils correspond with movements of continents
Biogeography
All limbs built in same basic structure
Comparative anatony ans homologus structures
Organs that were once useful and no longer are will eventually disappear or evolve out of the gene pool
Vestigal organs
Similar start for everyone, more in common the farther back you look
Embryological Development
Used to trace history of organism to ancestor (DNA)
Similarity in Macromolecules
Variable that can be controlled by the experimenter
Independent variable
Variable fitness among individuals of the same species leads to the change toward a more adapted population
Survival of the fitness
Structures, in different species, inherited from common ancestor
Homologous structures
Behavioral or physical characteristics that increases the organisms ability to survive and reproduce
Adaptations
Selective breeding done by humans to breed for desired traits
Artificial selection
More offspring produced than are able to survive
Overpopulation
The members of a population fighting for limited (finite) resources
Competition
Individuals that are best adapted to the environment will survive and reproduce
Natural seletion
Orgnisms that are able to reproduce and have fertile offspring
Species
Without the existence of these DNA differences, evolution will not take place
Genetic variations
Structures that have decreased in size overtime because it has little or no apparent function
Vestigial structures
Outer boundary of the cell
Cell membrane
Jelly-like fluid interior of the cell
Cytoplasm
The “control center” of the cell, contains the cells DNA
Nucleus
Energy center or “powerhouse” of the cell. Turns food into useable energy (ATP)
Mitochondria
Uses sunlight to create food
Chloroplast
a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
Osmosis
the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration
Diffusion
process of spontaneous passive transport (as opposed to active transport) of molecules or ions across a biological membrane via specific transmembrane integral proteins.
Facilitated diffusion
movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane in the direction opposite that of diffusion, that is, from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.
Active transport
Does not require energy
Passive transport
process by which a cell transports secretory products through the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane
Exocytosis
used by all cells because most chemical substances important to them are large polar molecules that cannot pass through the hydrophobic plasma or cell membrane by passive means
Endocytosis
any solution that has a lower osmotic pressure than another solution
Hypotonic
one with a higher concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell
Hypertonic
Two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane
Isotonic
Change in living systems
Evolution
Maintaining dynamix equilibruim in living systems
Homeostasis
Relationships in living systems
Energy, matter, and organization
Reproduction and inheritance in living systems
Continuity
Growth and differentiation in living systems
Development
Interaction and interdependence in living systems
Ecology
