Final review

Question 1

Enzyme abbreviates

ALT

AST

SDH

LDH

CK

GGT

ALP

Answer 1

ALT: (Almost) Always Liver Test Leakage

AST: A Sometimes (liver) Test Leakage

SDH: Sick Depressed Horse (test) Leakage

LDH: Lotta Damn Help (not) Leakage

CK: Cramp Knot (test) Leakage

GGT: Grungy Gall Test Cholestatic

ALP: A Liver Possibility Cholestatic

Question 2

Large animal panel enzyme

Answer 2

SDH, ALT usually not on large animal panel

Question 3

AST

Answer 3

Liver

Skeletal Muscle

RBCs

Question 4

Cholestatic enzyme causees of inc

Answer 4

• Cholestasis
• Induced by drugs
• Cushings
• Bone isoform: if can’t find a reason look for bone thing…

Question 5

Cholestasis

Answer 5

• Impaired biliary flow between hepatocytes and duodenum

Question 6

Bilirubin

Pre-hepatic

Hepatic

Answer 6

• Prehepatic:
  
  • hemolysis
  • anorexia in the horse (unconjugated bili)
• Hepatic:
  
  • Dec liver function

Question 7

Cholesterol

Diseases altering lipid handling:

Others:

Answer 7

• diseases altering lipid handling
  
  • Diabetes
  • Cushing’s
  • Hypothyroidism
• Others:
  
  • Pancreatitis
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Breed related
  • Post-prandial

Question 8

Bile Acids

Movements:

Affected by:

Answer 8

• Movement
  
  • liver => gallbladder => portal vessels => back
  • almost all recycled
• Affected by
  
  • liver function
  • abnormal portal vessels (shunts)

Question 9

ALP

Answer 9

• Bone Isoform
  
  • bone growth
  • hyperthyroid cats
• Steroid/drug induced
  
  • dog only
• Colostrum
  
  • cow
  • dog

Question 10

GGT

Answer 10

• Steroid/Drug induced
  
  • dog
• Colostrum
  
  • cow
  • dog

Question 11

Which is not a test of liver function

A) Bilirubin

B) Cholesterol

C) Bile Acids

D) ALT

E) Ammonia

Answer 11

D) ALT indicates damage, not function

Question 12

Liver function tests

Answer 12

• 1) Albumin
• 2) Urea
• 3) Cholesterol
• 4) Glucose
• 5) Clotting factors
• 6) Bilirubin
• 7) Bile acids
• 8) Ammonia

Question 13

Bile acids

Answer 13

• shunting vessels
• cholestasis

Question 14

Ammonia

Answer 14

• shunting vessels
• other uncommon stuff

Question 15

What best describes this dogs liver value change.

A) Hepatocellular leakage

B) Cholestasis

C) Hepatocellular leakage & cholestasis

D) Decreased liver function

Answer 15

C) Hepatocellular leakage & Cholestasis

*liver function is probably ok. Most of liver values normal and glucose is high (would be low if liver function was impaired)

Question 16

10 year old labrador retriever, vomiting, dehydration, painful abdomen.

What test would you run next?

Answer 16

• PLI (pancreatic Lipase immunoreactivity)

Question 17

Renal Acids

Answer 17

• Phosphoric acid
• Sulfuric acid

*azotemia and high phosphorus mean dec GFR