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SEHS > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

0
Q

Health or skill related?

Cardiorespiratory endurance

A

Health

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1
Q

Health or skill related?

body composition

A

Health

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2
Q

Health or skill related?

Power

A

Skill

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3
Q

Health or skill related?

Speed

A

Skill

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4
Q

Health or skill related?

Balance

A

Skill

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5
Q

Health or skill related?

Muscular endurance

A

Health

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6
Q

Health or skill related?

Flexibility

A

Health

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7
Q

Health or skill related?

Muscular strength

A

Health

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8
Q

Health or skill related?

Agility

A

Skill

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9
Q

Health or skill related?

Coordination

A

Skill

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10
Q

Health or skill related?

Reaction time

A

Skill

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11
Q

Body composition

A

Ratio of lean body mass to fat body mass;

Health

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12
Q

Cardiorespiratory endurance

A

Ability to continue training cardiovascular system for longer than 20 min;
Health

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13
Q

Power

A

Rate someone can work; amount of work performed in a unit of time;
Skill

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14
Q

Speed

A

Ability to perform a movement within a short period of time;

Skill

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15
Q

Balance

A

Ability to maintain their equilibrium when moving (dynamic balance) or when they are in a stationary position (static balance);
Skill

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16
Q

Agility

A

Ability to rapidly change the position of the entire body in space with speed and accuracy;
Skill

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17
Q

Flexibility

A

Ability of a joint to love through a whole range of motion;

Health

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18
Q

Muscular Strength

A

Ability of a muscle to exert a maximal force through a given range of motion or at a single point over a given time;
Health

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19
Q

Reaction time

A

Time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of a reaction to it;
Skill

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20
Q

Muscular endurance

A

Refers to the capacity of a muscle to exert a submaximal force through a given range if motion or at a single point over a given time;
Health

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21
Q

Coordination

A

Ability to use senses together with body parts in performing motor tasks smoothly and accurately

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22
Q

Body composition- test

A

BMI

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23
Q

Cardiorespiratory endurance- test

A

Cooper’s 12 minute run

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24
Q

Power- test

A

Vertical jump

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25
Q

Speed- test

A

40 yard dash

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26
Q

Balance- test

A

Stork stand

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27
Q

Agility- test

A

Illinois agility test

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28
Q

Flexibility- test

A

Sit and reach

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29
Q

Muscular strength- test

A

Hand grip dynamometer

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30
Q

Reaction time- test

A

Drop test

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31
Q

Muscular endurance- test

A

Push-up test

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32
Q

Coordination- test

A

Hand ball toss

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33
Q

7 elements of a good training program

A

1) warm up
2) cardio/aerobics
3) weights/resistance training
4) core
5) flexibility
6) balance
7) cool down

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34
Q

Specificity

A

Training should use muscles in similar way to sport trained for

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35
Q

Diminishing returns

A

Gains diminish as athletes improve

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36
Q

Overload

A

To improve fitness level, athletes must do more than what their bodies are used to doing

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37
Q

Reversibility

A

When athletes stop training, their fitness gains are lost

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38
Q

Individual differences

A

Every athlete is different and responds differently to the same training

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39
Q

Variation

A

During training periods, change the intensity and volume of training

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40
Q

Progression

A

Continually increase physical demands

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41
Q

Moderation

A

Athletes must have time to progress and recover

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42
Q

2 ways the Karvonen method and Borg scale are similar

A

1) used to monitor training

2) based in a skill

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43
Q

2 ways the Karvonen method and Borg Scale are different

A

1) Karvonen is more accurate/Borg is based on athletic perception
2) Karvonen is expensive and complicated/Borg is inexpensive and easy to do

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44
Q

In a normal distribution, plus or minus one standard deviation includes how much of data?

A

68%

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45
Q

Plus or minus two standard deviations includes how much of the data?

A

95%

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46
Q

Why is standard deviation useful for comparing the means and the spread of data between two or more samples?

A

SD shows how close the data is to the mean while also showing how far away from the mean data lies.

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47
Q

What is the formula for coefficient of variance?

A

SD/M

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48
Q

Function of the appendicular skeleton

A

Movement

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49
Q

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

A

Protecting organs

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50
Q

4 types of bones

A

1) long
2) short
3) flat
4) irregular

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51
Q

The head is _________ to the sternum

A

Superior

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52
Q

The biceps are ________ to the triceps

A

Anterior

53
Q

The shoulders are ________ to the midline

A

Lateral

54
Q

3 types of connective tissue

A

Tendons, ligaments, cartilage

55
Q

Function of tendons

A

Bone to muscle

56
Q

Function of ligaments

A

Bone to bone

57
Q

Function of cartilage

A

Cushion or structure

58
Q

Define the term joint

A

Where 2 or more bones articulate

59
Q

3 types of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

60
Q

Describe fibrous joints

A

Immovable and rigid

61
Q

Describe cartilaginous joints

A

Connecting between two bones that do not move (rib and sternum)

62
Q

Describe synovial joints

A

Moveable joints

63
Q

What are 4 important parts of a synovial joint?

A

Articulate cartilage, joint cavity, articulate capsule, synovial fluid

64
Q

Why are these 4 parts of a synovial joint important?

A

All 4 are needed for cushioning and protection of a moveable joint

65
Q

What type of synovial joint is associated with the knee?

A

Hinge

66
Q

What type of synovial joint is associated with the shoulder?

A

Ball and socket

67
Q

What type of synovial joint is associated with the neck?

A

Pivot

68
Q

What type of synovial joint is associated with the wrist?

A

Gliding/saddle/condyloid

69
Q

3 characteristics of muscle movement

A

1) elasticity
2) extensibility
3) contractibility

70
Q

2 characteristics of muscle growth

A

1) Hypertrophy

2) atrophy

71
Q

What muscle is striated and involuntary?

A

Cardiac

72
Q

What muscle is non-striated and involuntary?

A

Smooth

73
Q

What muscle is striated and voluntary?

A

Skeletal

74
Q

The _______ is attached to a bone by the _______.

A

Muscle; tendon

75
Q

The outside of the muscle is known as the ________ which surrounds several ________ which are made up of bundles of ___________ which are long and contain several nuclei.

A

epimysium; fascicles; muscle cells (fibers)

76
Q

These cells are made up of bundles of ________.

A

Myofibrils

77
Q

In each myofibril known as _______ and _______ which make up a section of the myofibril known as the __________.

A

Actin; myosin; sarcomere

78
Q

Define origin

A

Attachment to a stationary bone

79
Q

Define insertion

A

Attachment to a moveable bone

80
Q

Explain the role of neurotransmitters in stimulating muscle contraction.

A

The chemicals bind to receptors on the muscle and cause contraction when these ions are no longer present and the muscle relaxes.

81
Q

Sliding Filament Theory

A

The myosin reaches up and grabs the actin. When they touch, the myosin makes a “power stroke” and moves the actin closed to the center (M-Disk). This process continues until the Sarcomere is fully contracted.

82
Q

Actions + myosin = ?

A

Sarcomere

83
Q

Slow twitch

A

More efficient at using oxygen to generate fuel. Used for long duration exercise

84
Q

Fast twitch

A

Use anaerobic metabolism to create fuel. Generate short bursts of strength but fatigue quickly.

85
Q

Flexion

A

Decrease angle between joints

86
Q

Extension

A

Increase angle between joint

87
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from midline

88
Q

Rotation

A

Movement of a bone that pivots or revolves

89
Q

Elevation

A

Upward movement of body structures

90
Q

Depression

A

Downward movement of body structures

91
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Forward bending of hand or foot

92
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Backward bending of hand or foot

93
Q

Pronation

A

Turning hand or foot inward

94
Q

Supination

A

Turning hand or foot outward

95
Q

Addiction

A

Movement towards the midline

96
Q

Isotonic concentric contraction

A

Shortening

97
Q

Isotonic eccentric contraction

A

Lengthening

98
Q

Isometric contractions

A

Stays the same

99
Q

Why is reciprocal inhibition important for movement?

A

When agonist contracts, antagonist relaxes

100
Q

Why would eccentric muscle contractions be more likely to cause DOMS than concentric?

A

Lengthening the muscle during contraction can cause “micro tears” in the muscle causing soreness, but also leads to Hypertrophy

101
Q

4 components of blood

A

Platelets, erythrocytes (red), leukocytes, plasma

102
Q

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A

Carry oxygen

103
Q

What is the function of leukocytes?

A

Destroy pathogen’s old cells

104
Q

What is the function of platelet?

A

Clotting

105
Q

What is intrinsic heart excitation?

A

Normal things: sitting or exercising

1) low heart rate
2) low oxygen to muscles
3) high oxygen to organs

106
Q

What is extrinsic heart excitation?

A

Outside of the body: fight or flight response, stress

1) high heart rate
2) high oxygen to muscles
3) low oxygen to organs
4) adrenaline release

107
Q

What is the circulatory system made of

A

2 loops:

1) Pulmonary: heart and lungs; oxygenates the blood
2) Systemic

108
Q

Relationship between heart rate, cardiac output, and stroke volume at rest and during exercise.

A

Heart rate x Stroke Volume = cardiac output

If either Heart Rate or Stroke Volume increase, cardiac output (amount of blood pumped per minute) also increases

109
Q

How is proper hydration related to heart rate during exercise?

A

If a distance runner does not hydrate, they may experience cardiac drift, or sudden increase in heart rate due to thickening of blood

110
Q

The pressure applied to artery walls during ventricular pumping is known as __________ blood pressure.

A

Systolic

111
Q

The pressure applies to artery walls in between pumps is known as ___________ blood pressure.

A

Diastolic

112
Q

Why does a static exercise cause both types of blood pressure to increase?

A

Pressure is applied by both the heart and by surrounding muscles onto the blood vessels

113
Q

Why does diastolic blood pressure not change during dynamic exercise?

A

Movement of muscles allows blood vessels to expand and relieve pressure

114
Q

4 cardiovascular adaptations resulting from endurance exercise training

A

1) increased heart wall thickness
2) increased stroke volume
3) decreased resting heart rate
4) increased cardiac output

115
Q

What is VO2 max?

A

Maximum amount of oxygen used during maximum effort

116
Q

How is VO2 different in men and women?

A

Men on average are higher

117
Q

How is VO2 different in athletes vs. non athletes?

A

Athletes are significantly higher

118
Q

How is VO2 different in young vs. old?

A

VO2 max decreases with age

119
Q

Name 3 sports with a higher than average VO2 max

A

Cycling, wrestling, rowing

120
Q

List the principal structures of the ventilatory system

A

Mouth, nose, pharynx, larynx, bronchioles, trachia, epiglottis, diaphragm, lungs, alveoli

121
Q

4 functions of the conduction zone

A

Moistening, warming, filters, low resistance path to lungs

122
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Total exchange of air between lungs and surrounding

123
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Maximum amount of air held by lungs

124
Q

Tidal volume

A

Gas exchange amount during normal breathing

125
Q

Residual volume

A

Additional amount of air remaining in lungs after exhalation

126
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Additional amount of air that could be inhaled compared to a normal breath

127
Q

If lungs contain no muscle, how do they inflate and deflate?

A

The diaphragm contracts increasing space (volume) around lungs, this causes air pressure to drop. Low air pressure causes surrounding air to enter lungs (high to low). Intercostal muscles contact and decrease volume around lungs, increasing air pressure and forcing air out.

128
Q

Describe the nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise.

A

Chemical: chemoreceptors monitor O2, CO2, and acid levels in blood
Nervous: automatic breathing (not thinking) and voluntary breathing (thinking)

129
Q

Why is it important for athletes who are required to do lots of cardio activities to have a diet with a proper amount of iron?

A

Iron is a main component of hemoglobin, which is the protein on Red Blood Cells that carries oxygen. More iron–> more oxygen–> more exercise

130
Q

How does the concept of simple diffusion (moving from high concentration to low concentration) apply to gas exchange in the aveoli?

A

Natural diffusion causes these gases to move from high to low concentration, thus oxygenating the blood.

SEHS (1 decks)

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