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Motivation Psychology > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of motivation?

A

The study of the forces that act on or within an organism to initiate and or direct behavior

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2
Q

What are the 5 methods of study?

A

Case Study

Correlation Study

Experiments

Self Report

Convergence of Evidence

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3
Q

What is the Opponent Process Theory

A

An a positive state and a b negative state if
you have a really high a state then your body will compensate with a really low b state so that you wll achieve homeostasis

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4
Q

What is the Reticular activating system

A
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5
Q

What is the General Adaptation Syndrome

A

We have a 3 part response to stress

Alarm Reaction: body is mobilized to defend against the stressor

Stage of Resistance: arousal remains high as body tries to defend against and adapt to the stressor

Stage of Exhaustion: Resources are very limited

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6
Q

What is the Yerkes-Dodson Theory

A

Otherwise known as the Inverted-U hypothesis.

There is an optimal point of arousal and performance but any more arousal than that is hindering

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7
Q

What is Lazarus-Appraisal

A

Primary: is this likely to cause harm

Secondary: do I have the resources to cope

yes: challenge response
no: threat response

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8
Q

What is Drive Theory

A

Basic premise: motivation of behavior depends on some physiological need or some homeostatic imbalance

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9
Q

What are the criticisms of Drive Theory

A

Anchoring drive to bodily need

Behavior not tied to physiological disruption

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10
Q

What is the formula for the Hullian Drive Theory

A

SER=SHR * D * K

SER: excitatory strength (behavior)

D: drive

SHR: habit strength (the way a particular behavior is being reinforced)

K: Characteristics of the goal object

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11
Q

What is Social Learning Theory

A

Bandura’s Bobo Dolls experiment

Do you learn violence or other behaviors from your social environment?

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12
Q

How does the Lazarus Appraisal apply to goal setting?

A

In secondary appraisal is where it changes

Yes: focus on potential for gain and loss

No: focus on loss with little anticipated gain

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13
Q

What is Intrinsic Motivation

A

Behavior done just for the interest and enjoyment of the behavior

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14
Q

What is the overjustification effect

A

When there’s a decrease in interest in an activity because of an extrinsic reward

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15
Q

What is competence and how does it relate to intrinsic motivation

A

Competence is how confident you feel in the task

If you tie competency to a task it will insulate the overjustification effect

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16
Q

What is the Lepper study?

A

He took little kids and told them to draw (examining baseline intrinsic motivation), then they took the kids who were most intrinsically motivated and told them to do it again but gave one group a reward which they worked hard for, then ten days later came back and gave no reward so the kids didn’t work for it.

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17
Q

What is the Arks study?

A

If you make the person think it’s a difficult task then they will like it more and feel more competent and it will undermine the overjustification effect

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18
Q

What is the Dual-Center Theory

A

LH lesions causes general motivational deficit (changes sex, hunger and other drives)

VMH Lesions change metabolism

VMH and hyperinsulinemia (moderates glucose and insulin)

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19
Q

What does the Duodenum have to do with the regulation of hunger

A

It moderates total glucose levels in body, has Enterogasterone which is part of CCK

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20
Q

What does the Liver have to do with the regulation of Hunger

A

Where glucose is converted into glycogen (and vice versa) if glucose to glycogen liver says stop eating; if glycogen to glucose liver says eat

21
Q

What does Leptin have to do with the regulation of hunger?

A

Long-term hunger decrease (released from adipose tissue)

22
Q

What does ghrelin have to do with the with hunger regulation

A

Hunger hormone (short-term) gastric-bypass takes out this hormone

23
Q

What is Osmometric thirst

A

Osmosis: tendency of fluid to travel through a semi-permeable membrane in order to equalizing the concentration of fluids on either side

ICF will go to ECF if one side has an increase of sodium and needs more fluid to equalize which stimulates ADH (antidiahretic hormone)

Measures the fluid INSIDE the cell

24
Q

What is volumetric thirst?

A

Extracellular mechanisms

Measures blood volume and water in body

If blood flow drops the Renin angiotensin system activates

25
Q

What is ADH

A

Antidiahretic Hormone

Tells your body to conserve and suppliment water

26
Q

What is the Renin Angiotensin System SFO

A

Renin Secreted from kidney

Renin interacts with angiotensin (from the liver)

Angiotensin stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone (in the adrenal glands)

Kidney increases absorption of sodium and water

SFO: sub Fornica Organ (aldosterone cause of extracellular thirst)

27
Q

What is the definition of Aggression

A

It is an act that has the intent to harm as well as actual harm

28
Q

What internally regulates Aggression

A

Evolution

Genetics

Limbic System

Seretonin

Hormones

29
Q

What does the Limbic System do in regulating Aggression?

A

Hypothalamus: predatory aggression (stalking prey) is regulated by the LH (hunger), Rage aggression (hissing cat) the VMH (feeling full) is involved

Amygdala: if you stimulate this you get rage aggression (therefore lesions will stop rage aggression)

Septal Area: causes calm (animals will work for septal stimulations) lesions cause visciousness)

Cortex: you can talk yourself in and out of aggression, it does not change the aggression but it helps to direct it

30
Q

What does Serotonin have to do in regulating aggression?

A

If you feel you are in control (or dominant) of a stuation, then you will initiate attacks but if you feel inferior then you won’t ever attack others

31
Q

What do hormones have to do with regulating aggression?

A

Higher levels of testosterone lead to higher aggression

Progesterone is linked to irritibility not necessarily aggression

32
Q

What Externally Regulates aggression?

A

Instrumental Aggression

Obedient Aggression

Social Learning Theory

Stimulus arousal

33
Q

What is Instrumental Aggression

A

The role of reward in aggressive situations

34
Q

What is Obedient aggression?

A

Someone in the external environemnt told you that you need to be aggressive so you follow

Stanley Milgram Experiments: student, experimenter, and teacher shock experiment

35
Q

What is the Social Learning Theory

A

Bandura Bobo Dolls

If you see aggression you will in turn be aggressive

36
Q

What is Attachment

A

Is how you are attached to your parents

Harlow’s Monkeys

37
Q

What is Altruism and Prosocial behavior

A

Arousal reduction can cause altruism

Being a good person

38
Q

What is the Reinforcement Theory

A

When people are nice to you, you will in turn be nice to other people

39
Q

What is Consistency

A

It is a type of cognitive motive

40
Q

What is Cognitive Dissonance

A

If a person held two cognitions that were psychologically inconsistent he/she would experience dissonance; since dissonance is unpleasant he/she would attempt to reduce it much like any other drive

41
Q

How can you change Cognitive Dissonance

A

Add a consonant

Change a disonant

Change Behavior

42
Q

What is the Law of Least Effort

A

You will do whatever is easiest to change the dissonance in Cognitive Dissonance

43
Q

What is Cognitive Balance

A

Our cognitions ca generate motivation and efforts to reduce or eliminate inconsistency

44
Q

What is Expectancy

A

Motivated behavior results from the combination of individual needs and the value of the goals in the environment, behavior depends not only on the goal but also on the expectation of obtaining the goal.

Expectancy value is based on Locus of control. Which is whether you think things happen by chance (external), or if you think things happen because of you (internal)

45
Q

What is Attribution theory

A

Examines our explanations of someone’s (or our own) behavior

46
Q

What are the three assumptions of attribution theory?

A

We do not attempt to determine the causes of both our own behavior and that of others

Assignment of causes is not done randomly

Causes will influence subsequent behaviors

47
Q

What are the Attributional Styles

A

Global or Specific (does this apply to everything or just this situation)

Stable or Unstable (does this happen all the time or just once)

Internal or External (is this me or the rest of the world)

48
Q

How do Learned helplessness and attributional style relate to each other?

A

If you have a global, internal, specific attributional style then you will feel as if you are the worst person on the planet and that will never change.

49
Q

What is the nAch formula in varying situations?

A

nAch= (Ms-Maf) (Ps*I)+Mext

Motivation Psychology (1 decks)

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