Final review Flashcards
1
Q
The US Census that takes place every ten years initiates a legislative process known as …
A
Reapportionment
2
Q
The 1936 election was predicted correctly by
A
George Gallup
3
Q
The Pendleton Act established the principle of _________ in federal hiring.
A
Merit
4
Q
An attempt to regulate and stabilize the economy by controlling the money supply and interest rates is known as:
A
Monetary Policy
5
Q
The law enacted in 1939 to prohibit federal employees from becoming directly involved in political campaigns was called the
A
Hatch Act
6
Q
In his Farewell Address, __________ warned the nation against political parties.
A
George Washington
7
Q
Civil Service laws severely limited opportunities for ______.
A
patronage
8
Q
In ______, the U.S. Supreme Court held the power to review the constitutionality of acts of congress.
A
Marbury v. Madison
9
Q
________ is generally considered to be the most influential justice in the history of the Supreme Court
A
John Marshall
10
Q
Social Welfare includes all of the following except ____.
A
the implications of war.
11
Q
The Justices of the Supreme Court are ____.
A
nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate
12
Q
To shape policy and provide direction to the bureaucracy, the President can issue:
A
Executive orders
13
Q
The current speaker of the US House of Representatives is:
A
John Boehner
14
Q
Any legislature with 2 chambers is referred to as
A
Bicameral
15
Q
Elections to choose party candidates are called:
A
Primaries
16
Q
Roe v Wade
A
Abortion legalized within parameters
17
Q
Plessy v. Ferguson
A
Legalized Segregation
18
Q
Brown v. Board of Education
A
Public School Segregation
19
Q
Miranda v. Arizona
A
Warning to suspects
20
Q
Dredd Scott
A
Runaway Slave Case
21
Q
Bush v. Gore
A
2000 Election
22
Q
Marbury v. Madison
A
Judicial Review Established
23
Q
Bakke
A
Reverse Discrimination Case
24
Q
Griswold
A
Restriction on Birth Control info.
25
Overruled Texas Statute Restriction on sexual activity
Lawrence v. Texas
26
The most important civil rights case of the 20th century
Brown v. Board
27
The fastest growing ethnic minority in the United States
Hispanic
28
These helped restrict freedoms of newly freed slaves
Black Codes
29
Division of the government into 3 branches
Separation of Powers
30
Control of power by the few
Oligarchy
31
Allowed for 18 year olds to vote
26th Amendment
32
Grants citizens the right to bear arms
Second Amendment
33
A system whereby power is shared by the Federal and State governments
Federalism
34
The first 10 amendments of the Constitution
Bill of Rights
35
Allowed for 2 legislative bodies for the federal government. Each state would have two Senators and a number of House members based on population.
Great Compromise
36
In situations of possible conflict between state and national law, the national law prevails due to
The supremacy clause
37
This amendment to the US Constitution repealed Prohibition
21st
38
Liberalism is the ideology that
generally favors equality
39
The sharing of power between the federal government and the state government
Checks and balances
40
The first organizing document for the framework of the United States Federal Government was
The articles of confederation
41
This was not a case considered by the Marshall Court
Roe v. Wade
42
Federalism refers to how power is distributed
between the national and state governments
43
The ninth amendment has been used as the basis of
All states' rights
44
The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments are collectively known as the:
Civil War Amendments
45
This president sent federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas to enforce a court order mandating the admission of African American students to Little Rock's Central High School:
Dwight David Eisenhower
46
NJ US Senators
Corey Booker, Bob Menendez
47
NJ Congressman
Frank LoBiondo
48
NJ Governor
Chris Christie
49
NJ Assemblymen
Bob Andrezejczak, Samuel L. Fiocchi
50
What were some of the original functions of counties
Recorder or deeds - kept track of who owned what
Sherriff - Carried out state or county mandates
Clerk of the peace - performed marriages,
Register of wills
51
Why is Brown v. Board considered to be the most important Supreme Court case in the 20th century
Brown v. Board of Education ended the seperate but equal doctrine established in Plessy.
52
Functions of the American Government
Establishing Justice, Ensuring Domestic Tranquility, Providing for the common defense, promoting the General Welfare, Securing the Blessings of Liberty
53
Basic American Tenets
liberty and equality, popular consent, majority rule, and popular sovereignty; individualism; and religious faith and freedom.
54
Demographics make up
Racial and ethnic composition, Aging, Religious Beliefs, Regional growth and expansion, and family and family size.
55
Political ideologies
The coherent set of values and beliefs about the purpose and scope of government held by groups and individuals
56
Mercantilism
an economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.
57
Articles of confederation
the compact between the thirteen original colonies that created a loose league of friendship, with the national government drawing its powers from the states.
58
Virginia Plan
The first general plan for the constitution offered in Philadelphia. Its key points were a bicameral legislature, as well as an executive and a judiciary chosen by the national legislature.
59
New Jersey Plan
A framework for the Constitution proposed by a group of small states. its key points were a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, a congress with the ability to raise revenue, and a Supreme Court with members appointed for life.
60
Great Compromise
The final decision of the Constitutional Convention to create a two-house legislature, with the lower house elected by the people and with powers divided between the two houses. It also made national law supreme.
61
Three-Fifths Compromise
Agreement reached at the Constitutional Convention stipulating that each slave was to be counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of determining population for representation in the U.S. House of Representatives.
62
Separation of Powers
A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution.
63
Checks and Balances
a constitutionally mandated structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others.
64
Federal system
system of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people
65
three distinct government branches
executive, legislative, judicial
66
enumerated powers
the powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution
67
necessary and proper clause
the final paragraph of Article I, section 8, of the Constitution, which gives Congress the authority to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out the enumerated powers specified in the constitution; also called the elastic clause.
68
implied powers
the powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause
69
Article I
legislative branch
70
Article II
executive branch
71
Article III
Judicial Branch
72
Full faith and credit clause
Section of article IV of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state
73
Supremacy clause
Article VI mandating that national law is supreme to all other laws passed by the states or by any other subdivision of government
74
Federalists
those who favored strong national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution; later became the first U.S. political party
75
Anti-Federalists
Those who favored strong state governments and opposed the U.S. Constitution
76
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which largely guarantee specific rights and liberties
77
Marbury v. Madison
federal courts had the power to nullify acts of the nation's government when the courts found such acts to conflict with the Constitution
78
federal system
system of government in which the national government and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people
79
implied powers
the powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause.
80
Tenth amendment
the final part of the bill of rights that defines the basic principle of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people
81
reserved powers
powers reserved to the state by the tenth amendment that lie at the foundation of a state's right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens
82
concurrent powers
powers shared by the national and state governments
83
bill of attainder
a law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial.
84
interstate compacts
contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multi-state policy concerns
85
Dillon's Rule
a premise articulated by Judge John F. Dillon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them.
86
McCulloch v. Maryland
The supreme court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank, using the Constitution's supremacy clause. the Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers
