Final Review Flashcards
what are the 4 types of hazards?
physical, chemical, biological and psychological
who is ultimately responsible for safety in the workplace?
employers AND employees
what is a JSA
job safety analysis
under what 2 systems was western Canada surveyed?
the Dominion Land Survey and the National Topographic System
what are mineral rights?
rights to everything below the ground
what are surface rights?
everything above the ground
what is the acronym commonly used for level pressure temperature and flow?
little people talk funny
what is temperature?
measure of the kinetic energy of a gas, liquid, or solid system
what is kinetic energy?
the random motion of particles
what is a famous eastern Canadian oilfield?
Hibernia
Briefly describe Zeroths Law of Thermodynamics
2 systems that have an equal temperature will make a 3rd system have an equal temperature to the 1st and 2nd systems
what law are all temperature devices based on?
Zeroths Law of Thermodynamics
what is an RTD
electrical resistance device
What are P & I D maps, and what do they illustrate?
they are Petroleum and Instrumentation Diagrams and they are the blueprint for a flow system. They show pipes, fittings, tanks, instruments, and switches
what are examples of temperature gauges on a P & I D?
TI (temp guage), TSH (temp switch high), TSL (temp switch low), TSHH (temp switch high high), TSLL (temp switch low low)
what is pressure?
random motion of particles
how is pressure measured?`
a tranducer converts mechanical energy to electric, a signal is sent to a gauge, pressure reading is displayed (please correct if not right, i guessed)
what is a common pressure measurement device?
a bourdon tube
what is level?
the interface between 2 different media
what are some ways of easing level?
a float, measure it with a stick, tape, or a chain
what is flow?
the velocity that a fluid is flowing through a system
which control loop has no effect on the input?
open
which control loop gives automatic feedback?
closed
what is a control system?
a combination of mechanical, electrical and biological elements used to manipulate a set of variables in order to get desired results
what are the 3 grades of oil and their carbon content?
Light (C6-C10), Medium (C15-C20), and Heavy (C30-C40)
how is oil gravity measured?
sg x API
how do you measure API?
(141.5/sg)-131.5
What API range is light oil?
> 31.1
what API range is heavy oil?
<22.3
what API range is medium oil?
31.3-22.3
give 5 examples of PPE
coveralls, steel toe boots, safety glasses, hard hat, gloves, face shield
what order to the 4 casings go?
conductor, surface, production, tubing
what is fracking?
when water, sand and chemicals are sent down a well into the perfs at very high pressure, further opening the perfs and maximizing oil recovery
what are the 2 types of rigs?
Kelly or Top Drive
what are the different rig systems?
hoisting, circulating, rotating, and power
what is the BOP
blowout preventer, it reduces/eliminates the risk of a blowout
what are the common casing sizes?
4.5”, 5.5”, 7” (12m average length)
what are 2 services that often complete wells
service rigs and coil tubing units
briefly describe various components of a coil tubing unit
its injected into the well, hydraulically powered, run inside casing, used for completions and stimulations, quick, delivered on a reel, and hydraulically powered
what are different features of a wireline unit?
braided cable, electric power downhole, similar to coil tubing except thinner wire
what are packers used for?
isolating the producing formations from the rest of the well, run in on tubing and can be used in sour wells
what is the primary function of the wellhead?
to seal off the reservoir from the atmosphere
how does perforating work and what does it do?
a perf gun is lowered downhole on a wireline, an electric charge sets off the explosives set in the gun that blow right through the casing and cement, opening the formation so oil and gas can flow into it
what are 2 common stimulations?
acidizing and hydraulic fracturing
what are the 3 sectors of the oilfield?
upstream (exploration and production), midstream (transportation) and downstream (refining and marketing)
what did the Native Americans originally use bitumen for?
waterproofing their canoes
what year did Leduc #1 strike oil?
1947
what major oilfield event happened in 1883?
gas was discovered by Medicine Hat while drilling for water
what are different methods of exploration?
seismic, geologic mapping, and contour maps
what is the selection criteria for a well? (many parts)
seismic support, geologic interpretation, economics at the time of drilling, and probability for success
what are the 3 rig sizes and what do they mean?
single double and triple. they are based on how many stands of pipe the derrick can hold at one time
what are 3 different rams found on a BOP
pipe, blind, and shear rams
what is the mousehole used for?
holding the next pipe in
what is the rathole for?
kelly pipe storage on the drill floor
what is the spud date?
the date the bit hits the ground
what are different casing tools?
scratcher, centralizer, casing head
what are different types of artificial lift?
pumpjack, PCP, ESP, gas lift, and plunger lift
what determines the pour point of oil?
the wax content
the pour point is the ________ at which fluid ceases to flow: temp, pressure, humidity, density
temperature
what are the 4 main types of separators?
horizontal, vertical, spherical, and cyclonic
what is the main function of a separator?
to remove gas from liquid oil and water
what is the main purpose of a heater treater?
to heat up emulsion to produce gas, clean oil, and water all separately
what is gas sweetening?
a process that removes H2S from gas (amine)
what is gas dehydration?
a process that removes water from gas (glycol)
what is the main purpose of a compressor?
adds energy to gas by compressing it so it can be moved easier
what are the 4 different pipelines (in order)
gathering, feeder, transmission, distribution
what is a pig?
a pipeline inspection device, used to check for corrosion and various defects within a pipeline
What is SAGD?
steam assisted gravity drainage. steam is injected into an oil producing reservoir above the production pipe. The steam softens up the oil, making it flowable so it can be pumped to the surface
what are the 4 different disciplines for technologists?
geological, production, drilling and reservoir
