final review

Question 1

ionic

Answer 1

held together by opposite charges

Question 2

covalent

Answer 2

electrons are shared between atoms

Question 3

hydrogen

Answer 3

increases melting and boiling point of substances

Question 4

protons

Answer 4

positive electric charge

Question 5

neutrons

Answer 5

neutral electric charge

Question 6

electrons

Answer 6

negative electric charge

Question 7

adhesion

Answer 7

attraction of molecules of one kind for molecules of a different kind

Question 8

cohesion

Answer 8

attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind

Question 9

what is the differences between element, molecule, and compound

Answer 9

element is Simplest substance
molecule is two or more atoms that are chemically bound
a compound is made up of two or more elements

Question 10

ph scale

Answer 10

measure of how basic/ acidic a substance is

Question 11

basic (pH)

Answer 11

pH greater than 7 is basic

Question 11

acid (pH)

Answer 11

a pH less than 7 is acidic

Question 12

carbohydrates

Answer 12

glucose, fructose

Question 13

what do sugars usually end in

Answer 13

ose

Question 14

lipids

Answer 14

glycerol, and fatty acids

Question 15

nucleic acids

Answer 15

nucleotide

Question 16

monomers of DNA

Answer 16

nucleotide

Question 17

monomers of RNA

Answer 17

guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil

Question 18

proteins

Answer 18

composed of amino acids

Question 19

what is primary structure

Answer 19

amino acid of polypeptide chain

Question 20

secondary structure

Answer 20

local spatial arrangement of polypeptide backbone

Question 21

tertiary structure

Answer 21

structure of entire polypeptide chain

Question 22

Quaternary structure

Answer 22

protein chains packed very closely

Question 23

denature of proteins

Answer 23

breaking of bonds

Question 24

what causes denaturing

Answer 24

when secondary and tertiary structure of a protein is altered

Question 25

what are enzymes

Answer 25

proteins that help speed up chemical reactions

Question 26

what do enzymes do in biological chemical reactions

Answer 26

increase rate of reaction without being consumed

Question 27

organelle of the cell

Answer 27

also called vesicles

Question 28

organelles function

Answer 28

store genetic info

Question 28

endosymbiotic theory

Answer 28

some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes

Question 29

three parts of cell theory

Answer 29

1. all organisms are made of cells
2. all original cells are produced by other living cells
3. the cell is the most basic unit of life

Question 30

light microscope

Answer 30

creating a magnified image through the use of a series of glass lenses

Question 31

what is active and passive transport

Answer 31

Active transport requires energy for the movement of molecules whereas passive transport does not require energy for the movement of molecules

Question 31

electron microscope

Answer 31

uses a beam of electrons and their wave-like characteristics to magnify an object’s image

Question 32

what is selective permeable

Answer 32

some substances are able to pass through the membrane, while other substances are not able to pass through

Question 33

what is diffusion

Answer 33

movement of molecules from an area of high concentration

Question 34

what is osmosis

Answer 34

the net movement of water across a semipermeable surface

Question 35

law 1 of thermodynamics

Answer 35

the total energy of a system remains constant, even if it is converted from one form to another

Question 36

law 2 of thermodynamics

Answer 36

amount of useful work that can be done

Question 37

what is probability

Answer 37

the chance that a certain event will occur