Final Review Flashcards
Signs of disease are?
Objective findings. Something you measure, something you can see
What is the definition of a syndrome?
A group of signs and symptoms appearing concurrently
What is a definition of the term diagnosis?
The determination of the nature of a disease in order to effect treatment
When the etiology of a disease is unknown, it is said to be:
Idiopathic
What is included in the body’s natural defense against infection?
The inflammatory response and the immune response
Homeostasis refers to:
Internal balance between systems of the body
The term used that refers to the “cause of a disease” is?
Etiology
The swelling that occurs when fluid moves into an area of localized inflammation are termed:
Tumor
The heat produced in an area of inflammation is known as:
Calor
What is the term that refers to “the source of an illness or abnormal condition, together with its development”, is?
Pathogenesis
Patients may have the presence of a disease without feeling or knowing it. What is the term used to describe this possibility?
Asymptomatic
The fluid mixture of protein, leukocytes, debris (liquified dead tissue) is medically called:
Exudate
Of the following, which would be considered a symptom?
Calor
Dolor
Rubor
Tumor
Dolor
The expected outcome of the disease is known as what?
Prognosis
The type of disease that is present at birth is classified as a ________________ disease?
Congenital
The term applied to an organism that causes a disease is:
Pathogen
When the signs and symptoms of a chronic disease subside, the patient is said to be:
In Remission
Diseases that are transmitted from human to human are known as?
Communicable
The best and most effective means of preventing the spread of pathogens by health care workers is:
Hand Washing
Which of the following relationships benefits one element without harm to the other element?
Synergism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
Commensalism
The pathogen is identified by it’s spherical (round) shape
Coccus
A patient presents with jaundice, dark urine, and clay colored stools is generally diagnosed with:
Hepatitis
The general rule of the “Five Fs” pertains to the GI disorder known as:
Cholelithiasis
Blood in the vomit from an ulcerative stomach disorder is medically termed:
Hematemesis
The protrusion of the fundus of the stomach through the diaphragm is known as:
Hiatal hernia
Small protruding pouches found in the colon are called:
Diverticulum
The gastrointestinal disorder that presents with pain and rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point is?
Acute Appendicitis
Gastrointestinal disorder mild to fatal normally characterized by severe pain radiating to lower back. Find relief by drawing knees to stomach
Gastric Ulcer
The main function of the small intestine is to?
Absorb nutrients
The gastrointestinal disorder creating severe epigastric pain AFTER eating is?
Cholelithiasis
Viral or infectious hepatitis as a result of human fecal contamination of food and water, is also known as:
Hepatitis A
The permanent damage to the liver that creates gastric edema and ascites is:
Cirrhosis
What is the result if the feces remains in the large intestine too long?
Constipation
The digestive disorder that presents with abdominal pain in the lower left quadrant, increased flatulence and frequent “ribbon-like” stools is?
Diverticulitis
Which of the following is not considered when gall stones are suspected?
Fractional
Fertile
Forty
Fat
Fractional
Gastritis and peptic ulcers have a common causative organism called:
Heliobactor pylori
The small air sacs found at the end of the bronchioles that may fill with fluid as with pneumonia are called?
Alveoli
A “barrel chest” is called by the chronic overuse of the:
Intercostal Muscles
The respiratory disease that is indicated with the Mantoux test is:
Tuberculosis
The respiratory disorder transmitted to the United States by migrating birds from Asia is:
Influenza
The etiology of this disease is an “acid fast” bacteria which makes treatment lengthy and difficult
Tuberculosis
The presence of air in the pleural space (thorax) causes the lungs to “collapse”, this condition is known as?
Pneumothorax
If a patient is diagnosed with __________, their name will be placed on a national registry with the CDC
Tuberculosis
A patient presents with a history of clubbing in the fingers, fatigue, chronic productive cough, with copious amounts of purulent sputum. Chest x ray shows “honeycomb” ring shadows and fluid levels. This indicates:
Emphysema
True or False:
Sinusitis is considered an upper airway disease
True
A child presents with wheezing, difficulty breathing and displays little energy. The physician would probably diagnose this child with?
Asthma
What organism causes TB?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The term used indicating a nosebleed is?
Epistaxis
The digestive disorder that is indicated with frequent regurgitation of stomach contents in the esophagus / mouth is?
GERDS
Which of the following gases stimulates health people to breathe?
Carbon Dioxide
What clinical sign confirms or rules in Rubeola?
Koplik’s Spots
Which microorganism causes whooping cough?
Bordetella pertussis
Which of the following is NOT associated with Klinefelter’s syndrome?
Small Genitals
An extra “Y” Chromosome
An extra “X” Chromosome
Tall slender body and long legs
An extra “Y” chromosome
What is the medical name for whooping cough?
Pertussis
Which of the following is NOT included in a “clinical picture”?
Treatment
Vital signs
Appearance
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
What childhood disease manifests with red macules / vesicles initially on the thorax and later spreading to entire body?
Varicella
What congenital disorder presents with a herniation of the meninges and spinal cord at the lumbar area of the spine and is usually asymptomatic?
Spina Bifida
Which disease is known as the “3-day” measles?
Rubella
Tetanus is extremely dangerous because it is an _______________ organism
Anaerobic
The disorder that causes an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cranium is called:
Hydrocephalus
A hereditary recessive disorder that affects young children causing an excess of mucus to be produced in the respiratory and digestive tracts is called:
Cystic Fibrosis
A serious, chronic respiratory disease that manifests itself with respiratory distress and wheezing is:
Asthma
The etiology of diptheria is?
Corynebacterium diptheriae
A recessive genetic disorder involving faulty metabolism of the protein phenylalanine is:
PKU
A highly infectious disease that produces a membranous coating of the pharynx/nose is called?
Diptheria
An affliction that appears as a unilateral, painful lesion involving the dermatome is:
Shingles
The organism causing the affliction in question 66 (shingles) is:
Varicella zoster
What disease affects the parotid salivary glands in children?
Mumps
A complication of mumps in males is:
Sterility
Which of the following is NOT preventable with vaccine?
Mumps
Rubella
Tularemia
Diptheria
Tularemia
A foreign substance that enters the body and causes the inflammatory / immune response is called:
Antigen
Which cell is involved in an antibody-mediated response?
B Lymphocytes
Which cell in the immune system activates other cells in the immune system?
Helper T Cells
What cell is primarily responsible for active immunity?
Memory B Cells
The type of immunity that is passed from mother to baby is:
Passive Natural
The type of immunity that occurs after a person has had or been exposed to a disease is:
Active Natural
The type of immunity a person acquires after receiving a vaccination that will protect them for the rest of their life is:
Active Artificial
The type of immunity that a person receives with a booster such as tetanus to protect them for a specific length of time is:
Passive Artificial
Which cell is most associated with the cell-mediated response?
B Lymphocytes
This is an inherited disorder of amino acid metabolism that manifests when an infant is 4 months old and presents when the infant smells “musty” and displays arrested brain development
PKU
Which elements of the immune system are most related to specific immunity?
Antibodies
The “butterfly rash” is most associated with:
Lupus erythematosus
Physical / chemical barriers, phagocytosis, inflammation and natural killer cells are involved in what part of the immunity?
Non specific immunity
A disorder caused by a decreased amount of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction is:
Myasthenia Gravis
Which cell of the immune system is most closely associated with non-specific immunity?
Killer T Cells
The disorder that causes sclerosis and tightening of the skin and some internal organs is
Scleroderma
What disorder causes severe deformity/dysfunction of the affected joints?
Rheumatoid arthritis
An acquired disorder that results from a decrease in platelet count is
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
One of the signs of the disorder in question 88 (idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura) is a “bruise-like” discoloration of the skin. What is this bruise-like discoloration medically termed?
Ecchymosis
The use of aspirin to manage symptoms of Influenza A/B is not recommended for children because of its link to which disease?
Reyes Syndrome
Formation of pus is named what?
Suppuration ??
Condition that makes an individual more susceptible to a disease without actually causing it
Predisposing factors
The swelling that occurs when fluid moves into an area of localized inflammation are termed:
Tumor
The heat produced in an area of inflammation is known as:
Calor
Immunity that you come in contact with disease
Active Natural
Patients may have the presence of a disease without feeling or knowing it. What is the term used to describe this possibility?
Asymptomatic
What is the definition of a syndrome?
A group of signs and symptoms appearing concurrently
Doctor’s determination of a disease that brings treatment
Diagnosis
When the etiology of a disease is unknown, it is said to be:
Idiopathic
Term that means redness is associated with an inflammation
Rubor
Immunodeficiency disorders result from what?
??
Definition of homeostasis
Internal balance between systems of the body
A recessive genetic disorder involving faulty metabolism of the protein phenylalanine is:
PKU
Medical term that means mixture of protein, leukocytes, and debris (liquified dead tissue)
Exudate
Term usually associated with mandatory process (latin term)
What congenital disorder presents with a herniation of the meninges and spinal cord at the lumbar area of the spine and is usually asymptomatic?
Spina bifida
How long do we wash our hands?
1 minute
Discoloration of tissue is usually a result of bruising. What is the medical term?
Ecchymosis
Lymphocytes are involved in what type of immunity?
Acquired or antigen-specific
True or false:
Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune condition
True
Name of this disease:
Highly contagious disease, normally manifests with a membranous coating of pharynx/nose
Diptheria
Definition of term:
Expected outcome of a disease
Prognosis
Type of disorder that are present at birth and occur after 3rd trimester are known as what?
Congenital
The type of immunity an individual receives when vaccinated?
Active Artificial
2nd type of infection that occurs due to another infection or improper use of antibiotics is what type of infection?
Secondary Infection
When a physician is trying to determine a diagnosis, they need knowledge of the diagnosis process and what?
History?
This term is applied to ALL organisms that cause a disease
Pathogens
When signs and symptoms of a patient return, the patient is said to be:
Relapsing
Condition that causes large deformed bones from irregular breakdown and repair of bone tissue
Paget’s ??
Yellowing of skin in a lymphatic condition is known as:
Jaundice
Name of the organism that causes chicken pox
Varicella zoster
Causative organism that causes shingles
Varicella zoster
Inflammatory and immune response are part of what system?
Immune System
The term that refers to the “cause of a disease” is?
Etiology
What is the term that refers to “the source of an illness or abnormal condition, together with its development”, is?
Pathogenesis
What is the name of the blood cells that are responsible for fighting infections?
White Blood Cells
What is the first link in chain of infection?
Infectious agent
Diseases that are transmitted from human to human are known as?
Communicable
Degenerative breakdown and eventual loss of the articular cartilages in one or more joints
Osteoarthritis
Medical condition that has a defective mineralization of the bones due to poor Vitamin D activity, which leads to weightbearing bones to bow
Rickets
Type of bacteria that requires oxygen to survive is known as what?
Aerobic
This condition is acute, painful, causes buildup of uric crystals in joints, usually affecting big toe
Gout
What is the medical term for whooping cough?
Pertussis
Where would you find antibodies?
Various areas of body
What type of immunity is it that an individual obtains after already having the disease?
Active Natural
Acute partial tear of a ligament is known as what?
Sprain
22 year old female presents with fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, and heart palpitation. Her RBC count is low and so is her hemoglobin level. What condition causes this?
Anemia
Symptoms of fever, rash, pain, butterfly rash are indicative of what condition?
Lupus
What viral disease can easily be diagnosed by looking for “koplik’s spots” in pharynx?
Rubeola
Infectious agent that causes chicken pox
Varicella zoster
What blood cells are responsible for fighting bacteria and viral infections
White Blood Cells
Of the 4 choices, which one is NOT an infectious agent?
Whichever is not a pathogen
Know the descriptions for:
- Port of Entry
- Microorganisms, viruses, bacteria
- Food, water, people
- Immunol compromised and elderly people
- Blood, airborne, direct / indirect contact
- Respiratory droplets or excretions
This term means an objective finding that can be seen, heard, or measured
Sign
This term means a subjective finding that only the patient expresses or experiences
Symptom
Subjective or Objective:
Patient A presents with angina and has 160 bpm, what type of assessment are you using?
Objective
Subjective or Objective:
Patient presents with abdominal pain and has level 10 pain on the pain scale, describes it as stabbing, radiating pain, what kind of assessment are you using?
Subjective
Is heartrate subjective or objective?
Objective
Is blood pressure subjective or objective?
Objective
Is respiration subjective or objective?
Objective
Is temperature subjective or objective?
Objective
Is pain subjective or objective?
Subjective
Is dizziness subjective or objective?
Subjective
Is shortness of breath subjective or objective?
Objective
Is exhaustion subjective or objective?
Subjective
