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Pharm > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen use

A

Pain, fever

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2
Q

Acetaminophen pre admin assessment

A

Pain, LFTs, vs

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3
Q

Acetaminophen max dosage

A

4g/day
Older adults 3g/day

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4
Q

Acetaminophen antidote

A

Acetylcysteine

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5
Q

Acetaminophen monitoring

A

Monitor for:
-n/v
-constipation
-rash
-s/s of liver toxicity (jaundice, itching, pain in R upper abdomen, fatigue, n/v, rash, fever, weight loss, dark/tea colored urine

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6
Q

Acetaminophen teaching

A

Avoid alcohol

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7
Q

Acetaminophen contraindications

A

Liver disease, caution if renal disease

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8
Q

List common NSAIDs (4)

A

Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Aspirin
Celecoxib

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9
Q

NSAID use

A

Pain, fever, inflammation

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10
Q

NSAID assessment

A

Pain
renal Fx
LFTs
vs
bleeding

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11
Q

NSAID admin with food?

A

Can administer with food

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12
Q

NSAID side effects

A

GI upset, constipation, headache, edema, GI BLEED

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13
Q

NSAID cautions

A

Heart failure, renal disease, older adults, liver disease

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14
Q

NSAID contraindications

A

Pregnancy weeks 20 to 30

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15
Q

Opioids list (8)

A

Morphine sulfate
Hydrocodone
Hydrocodone w/apap
Oxycodone
Oxycodone w/apap
Hydromorphone
Codeine
Fentanyl

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16
Q

Methimazole teaching

A

Improvement will take several weeks

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17
Q

Why lactulose for pt w/ cirrhosis of liver?

A

Lowers elevated ammonia levels

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18
Q

Teaching re: antacids

A

Antacids interfere with the absorption of other meds including barbiturates, anticholinergics, some antibiotics, and cardiac meds

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19
Q

H. Pylori medications

A

Amoxicillin
Tetracycline
Pantoprazole
Metronidazole
Bismuth subsalicylate

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20
Q

Med to produce a bowel movement within 1 hour

A

Bisacodyl suppository

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21
Q

Allopurinal MOA

A

Decreases uric acid production

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22
Q

Furosemide priority side effect to monitor for

A

Hypokalemia

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23
Q

Pre-administration assessment for IV vancomycin (5)

A

Creatinine for renal
BUN for renal
Trough to make sure kidneys are clearing med
Hearing to check for ototoxicity
Check iv site for phlebitis

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24
Q

Tetracycline admin consideration

A

Give at least an hour before ingestion of milk products

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25
Q

Clopidigrel adverse effect

A

Epistaxis

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26
Q

Priority check before admin of furosemide

A

Review potassium levels

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27
Q

Teach Patients taking digoxin

A

Take radial pulse daily and write it down
Call HCP if pulse irregular or less than 60
Call HCP if vision changes occur

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28
Q

Patient on digoxin reports vision changes

A

Must be seen by HCP. may need to d/c digoxin

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29
Q

Sumatriptan contraindication

A

Coronary artery disease because promotes coronary artery vasoconstriction

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30
Q

Purpose of metoclopramide give before chemotherapy

A

To stimulate peristalsis of upper GI tract

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31
Q

First line Parkinson disease med

A

Carbidopa-levodopa

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32
Q

Most common side effect of azithromycin

A

Diarrhea

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33
Q

Lab to assess effect of epoetin

A

Hemoglobin

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34
Q

Medication interaction between warfarin and phenytoin

A

Warfarin inhibits the metabolism of phenytoin

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35
Q

Priority side effect of iv phenytoin to monitor for

A

Cardiac dysrythmia

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36
Q

Avoid this if taking acetaminophen routinely

A

Alcohol

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37
Q

Teaching about acetaminophen

A

Be careful about OTC cold meds

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38
Q

Sucralfate teaching

A

Take on an empty stomach 1 hour before meals

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39
Q

Sucralfate indication

A

Duodenal ulcers not caused by h.pylori

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40
Q

Sucralfate moa

A

Formal protective coating

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41
Q

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) administration

A

Monthly injection

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42
Q

Life threatening complication of high dose or long- term ibuprofen

A

GI bleeding

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43
Q

Zolpidem indication

A

Sleep aid

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44
Q

Enoxaparin admin site

A

Abdomen

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45
Q

MOA for famotidine

A

Inhibit gastric acid secretion

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46
Q

Warfarin antidote

A

Vitamin K

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47
Q

Teratogenic effect of nitrofurantoin

A

Cleft palate

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48
Q

Fastest acting insulins (2)

A

Lispro
Aspart

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49
Q

Client taking omeprazole has significant diarrhea

A

Get stool sample to check for c.diff

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50
Q

Most significant teaching re: antibiotics

A

Do not skip any prescribed doses

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51
Q

Elevated concern for elderly taking antibiotics

A

Toxicity

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52
Q

Prophylactic antibiotics given before dental work in patients w/ hx of heart surgery to prevent ________?

A

Endocarditis

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53
Q

Ginkgo biloba purpose

A

Age related memory impairment

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54
Q

First line treatment for c. diff

A

Metronidazole

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55
Q

Fluticasone nasal spray teaching

A

Use on a regular basis, not PRN
Clear nasal passages before using med
D/c if nasal infection develops

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56
Q

Clonidine side effect

A

Xerostomia (dry mouth)

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57
Q

Ophthalmic solution that is contraindicated for patients with glaucoma

A

Atropine because it dilates the pupil, increasing IOP

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58
Q

Teaching for pediatric prednisone

A

Should be stopped gradually

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59
Q

How fast do nitroglycerin sublingual tablets work

A

1 to 3 minutes

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60
Q

First action if patient reports sudden onset of chest pain that feels like a pressure or weight

A

Check BP AND HR

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61
Q

Anti diarrheal med

A

Loperamide (inhibits peristalsis)

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62
Q

Purpose of heparin in patient who develops thrombophlebitis in calf

A

Prevent extension in clot

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63
Q

Client teaching for etanercept IV

A

Report site reaction

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64
Q

Monitor for after naloxone administration

A

Symptoms of the heroin overdose may return after the naloxone is metabolized

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65
Q

Teaching for trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole given for cystitis

A

Drink 8 - 10 glasses of water daily

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66
Q

Long term aspirin teaching

A

Take aspirin with food
Report ringing in ears
Monitor and report excessive bleeding and bruising
Avoid OTC pain meds that contain aspirin

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67
Q

Indication of sodium polystyrene sulfonate

A

Decrease serum potassium

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68
Q

Antihypertensive class that can cause cough

A

ACE inhibitors (angiotensin- converting enzymes)

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69
Q

ACE inhibitors that are appropriate for client w/ liver dysfunction

A

Captopril
Lisinopril

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70
Q

Metoprolol for hypertension adverse effect to monitor for

A

Bradycardia

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71
Q

Patients taking spironolactone should avoid eating what large amounts of

A

Food high in potassium like potatoes, cantaloupe, bananas, avocado, oranges, apricots, dates, and raisins
This is to avoid hyperkalemia because spironolactone is a calcium-sparing diuretic

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72
Q

Teaching for patient taking finasteride

A

Wear a condom if having intercourse with a pregnant woman

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73
Q

Older patient with osteomyelitis prescribed gentamicin. What should be checked before administering? (4)

A

BUN
Creatinine
Electrolytes
Urinalysis

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74
Q

Adverse effects of Albuterol prescribed for severe asthma

A

Tremors
Palpitations

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75
Q

Patient with sudden onset of severe Dypsnea, coughing, wheezes, what medication treatment is priority?

A

Albuterol with nebulizer

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76
Q

Monitor for patients prescribed losartan

A

Blood pressure

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77
Q

Safe analgesic the week before surgery planned

A

Acetaminophen

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78
Q

Causes Reye’s syndrome in children

A

Aspirin

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79
Q

Calcitonin action is opposite what?

A

Opposite parathyroid hormone

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80
Q

Monitor for patient taking raloxifene

A

Liver Fx

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81
Q

Complication if sildenafil taken while taking isosorbide dinitrate

A

Severe hypotension

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82
Q

Amlodipine side effect patients should report

A

Difficulty breathing

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83
Q

MOA for propylthiouracil (PTU) for hyperthyroidism

A

Interferes with synthesis of thyroid hormone

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84
Q

Treatment for myxedema coma

A

IV levothyroxine
IV normal saline

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85
Q

Why patient with renal failure take vitamin D and calcium supplements

A

A decrease in active metabolite of vitamin D in the body

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86
Q

GERD med treatment that is teratogenic

A

Misoprostol

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87
Q

If patient taking vancomycin monitor for?

A

Elevated BUN, because vancomycin is nephrotoxic

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88
Q

Side effects of carbidopa-levodopa to monitor for

A

Vomiting
Involuntary movements
Changes in mood

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89
Q

Contraindicated when taking warfarin

A

Acetylsalicylic acid can cause decreased platelet aggregation, and thus more bleeding

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90
Q

Drink with ferrous sulfate

A

Orange juice because the ascorbic acid in it enhances iron absorption

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91
Q

MOA when lorazepam given for status epilepticus

A

Depresses CNS

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92
Q

Immediate action required in patient on morphine if observed

A

Unconscious
Bradycardia
Bradypnea

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93
Q

Highest risk time period for hypoglycemia when patient taking insulin

A

When insulin at peak

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94
Q

Teaching for sulfonamide

A

Stop when symptoms subside

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95
Q

Opioid assessment

A

VS
LOC
Pain
Sedation
Bowel status

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96
Q

Opioid administration

A

Start at low dosage
Document (controlled substance)
Administer with stool softener
Have naloxone available (antidote)

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97
Q

Opioid contraindications /cautions

A

-Contraindicated if Bowel obstruction

-Caution if renal/liver impairment or impaired LOC

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98
Q

Opioid side effects

A

Nausea
Constipation
Respiratory depression
Urinary retention

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99
Q

Bronchodilators:
Example of short-acting

A

Albuterol (a Beta2 adrenergic)

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100
Q

Bronchodilators:
Examples (3) of long-acting

A

Salmeterol (a Beta2 adrenergic)
Tiotropium ( an anticholinergic)
Ipratropium ( an anticholinergic)

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101
Q

Bronchodilator indication

A

Asthma
COPD

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102
Q

Bronchodilator administration

A

Use spacer with Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)

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103
Q

Bronchodilator SE

A

Tachycardia
Nervousness
Palpitations

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104
Q

Bronchodilator teaching

A

Avoid caffeine
Report sputum changes

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105
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids examples (4)

A

Fluticasone nasal
Beclomethasone inhaler
Prednisone oral
Methylprednisolone IV

All end in -sone

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106
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids indication

A

Asthma
COPD
Not a rescue med;

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107
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids administration

A

-Take oral dose in AM to prevent insomnia
-teach to rinse mouth after inhaler use
-check mouth for sx of thrush

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108
Q

Corticosteroid side effects

A

Thrush
Throat irritation
Osteoporosis
Infection
HYPERGLYCEMIA

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109
Q

Diuretics types (3) and examples

A

Loop: furosemide

Thiazide: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

Aldosterone Antagonists: spironolactone (potassium sparing)

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110
Q

Diuretic indications

A

Hypertension
Heart failure

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111
Q

Diuretics side effects

A

Low BP
Electrolyte imbalances

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112
Q

Diuretics assessment and administration

A

Check BP/labs
Monitor for K levels, urine output
Monitor for edema
Patient must change positions slowly
Give dose early in day for safety

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113
Q

Special considerations for spironolactone

A

NIOSH safe handling
Gynecomastia
Watch for Increased K, watch K in diet
Take with food

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114
Q

Special consideration for HCTZ

A

Photosensitivity

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115
Q

Antihypertensives types and examples

A

ACE inhibitors: lisinopril (-pril)

ARBs: Losartan potassium (-sartan)

Calcium Channel Blockers: diltiazem, amlodopine, nifedipine

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116
Q

Antihypertensive indications

A

Hypertension
Heart Failure

Do not give ACE inhibitors and ARBs at the same time

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117
Q

ACE inhibitor and ARBs
assessment and teaching

A

Monitor BP
Monitor electrolytes
Teach slow position changes
Assess for orthostatic hypotension

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118
Q

ACE inhibitors assessment

A

Cough
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema
Renal failure
Do not use in pregnancy

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119
Q

ARBs advantage compared to ACE inhibitors

A

Less coughing than ACE inhibitors

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120
Q

Antihypertensives
Calcium channel blockers indication

A

HTN
Angina

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121
Q

Calcium channel blockers (antihypertensive)
Assessment

A

BP, labs

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122
Q

Antihypertensives
Calcium channel blockers
(Diltiazem, amlodipine, nifedipine)
Cautions/contraindications

A

Caution: elderly, liver failure
Contraindicated: heart block

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123
Q

Antihypertensives
Calcium channel blockers
(Diltiazem, amlodpine, nifedipine)
Side effects

A

Flushing
Dizziness
Headache
Edema
Nausea
Constipation
Arrhythmia

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124
Q

Antihypertensives
Calcium channel blockers
Teaching

A

Avoid grapefruit juice

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125
Q

Antihypertensives
Beta blockers
Example

A

Metoprolol (-olol)

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126
Q

Metoprolol (beta blocker)
Indications

A

HTN
HF
Angina

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127
Q

Metoprolol (beta blocker)
Assessment

A

Check:
-BP
-HR (hold if <60)
-labs

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128
Q

Metoprolol (beta blocker)
Teaching

A

Slow position changes
May mask hypoglycemia

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129
Q

Metoprolol (beta blocker)
Side effects

A

Bradycardia
Hypotension
Dizziness
Fatigue
SEVERE: HF, HYPOGLYCEMIA

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130
Q

Metoprolol (beta blocker)
Cautions/ contraindications

A

Caution: DM, liver disease
Contraindications: heart block

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131
Q

Antihypertensives
Alpha blockers
Examples

A

Doxazosin
Tamsulosin

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132
Q

Antihypertensives
Alpha blockers (doxazosin, tamsulosin)
Indications

A

HTN
BPH

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133
Q

Antihypertensives
Alpha blockers
(doxazosin, tamsulosin)
Assessment and administration

A

Monitor BP
First dose effect: teach to not drive when first taking
Take at bedtime

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134
Q

Antihypertensives
Alpha blockers (doxazosin, tamsulosin)
Side effects

A

Reflex tachycardia
Ejaculatory problems
Dizziness
Headache
Rhinitis

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135
Q

Antihypertensives
Alpha blockers (doxazosin, tamsulosin)
Warning on interaction

A

Significant hypotension if taken with sildenafil or hypotensive meds

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136
Q

Antihypertensives
Nitrates (antianginal), vasodilator
Examples

A

Nitrates:
Nitroglycerin (NTG)
Isosorbide mononitrate

Vasodilator:
Hydralazine

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137
Q

Antihypertensives
Nitrates (antianginal), vasodilator
Indications

A

Treat HTN
Relieve CP

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138
Q

Antihypertensives
Nitrates (antianginal), vasodilator
Assessment and administration

A

-Assess BP before giving
-NTG: give one dose, assess for pain and BP, repeat if necessary up to 3 doses

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139
Q

Antihypertensives
Nitrates (antianginal), vasodilator
Side effects

A

Headaches
Dizziness
Hypotension

SE hydralazine only: reflex tachycardia

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140
Q

Antihypertensives
Nitrates (antianginal), vasodilator
Teaching and interaction

A

Teach: keep NTG in original container, nearby

Interactions: do not take with ED meds

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141
Q

Anti arrhythmic
Cardiac glycosides
Example

A

Digoxin

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142
Q

Anti arrhythmic
Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)
Indication

A

HF
afib
Rate control

143
Q

Anti arrhythmic
Cardiac glycosides
(Digoxin)
Assessment

A

Labs
Renal Fx
BP
apical HR (one full minute, hold if <60)
Monitor serum level (narrow tx margin)

144
Q

Anti arrhythmic
Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)
Other considerations

A

Avoid K wasting diuretics
Hypokalemia increases risk for toxicity

145
Q

Anti arrhythmic
Cardiac glycosides (digoxin)
Sx of toxicity

A

Weakness
Confusion
N/v
Bradycardia
Blurred vision
Visual disturbances
Abdominal pain

146
Q

Antilipidemics
Statins/Cholesterol Absorption inhibitors
Examples

A

Statins: atorvastatin

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor: ezetimibe

147
Q

Antilipidemics
Statins/Cholesterol Absorption inhibitors
Indication

A

Hyperlipidemia

148
Q

Antilipidemics
Statins/Cholesterol Absorption inhibitors
(Atorvastatin, ezetimibe)
Assessment

A

LFTs
Lipids
Muscle pain
Weakness

149
Q

Antilipidemics
Statins/Cholesterol Absorption inhibitors
(Atorvastatin, ezetimibe)
Administration / teaching

A

Give in the evening regardless of food
Teach to avoid alcohol
Ezetimibe: caution w/ liver failure

150
Q

Anticoagulants
Vitamin K agonists
Example

A

Warfarin

151
Q

Anticoagulants
Vitamin K agonists (warfarin)
Indications

A

Prevention of blood clots
Treat PE
VTE

152
Q

Anticoagulants
Vitamin K agonists (warfarin)
Assessment

A

S/s bleeding
Monitor INR

153
Q

Anticoagulants
Vitamin K agonists (warfarin)
Antidote

A

Vitamin K

154
Q

Anticoagulants
Vitamin K agonists (warfarin)
Teaching

A

Report sx of bleeding
Use electric razor
Avoid foods with excessive vitamin K
Report all med changes

155
Q

Anticoagulants
Vitamin K agonists (warfarin)
Caution

A

Renal impairment
Elderly

156
Q

Anticoagulants
Thrombin inhibitors
Examples (2)

A

Heparin
Dabigatran

157
Q

Anticoagulants
Thrombin inhibitor (heparin, dabigatran)
Indications

A

Treat DVT/PE
Bridge to warfarin

158
Q

Anticoagulants
Thrombin inhibitor (heparin, dabigatran)
Antidote

A

Protamine

159
Q

Anticoagulants
Thrombin inhibitor (heparin, dabigatran)
Administration

A

Rotate subcutaneous injection sites

160
Q

Anticoagulants
Thrombin inhibitor (heparin, dabigatran)
Side effects

A

Bleeding
Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)

161
Q

Anticoagulants
Thrombin inhibitor (heparin, dabigatran)
Caution

A

Liver disease

162
Q

Anticoagulants
Factor Xa inhibitors
Examples (3)

A

Enoxaparin sodium
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban

163
Q

Anticoagulants
Factor Xa inhibitors
Enoxaparin, apixaban, rivaroxaban
Indications

A

Prevent thrombus formation
Treat DVT / PE

164
Q

Anticoagulants
Factor Xa inhibitors
(Enoxaparin, apixaban, rivaroxaban)
Assessment / Administration

A

Assess for bleeding
Do not stop abruptly

165
Q

Anticoagulants
Factor Xa inhibitors
(Enoxaparin, apixaban, rivaroxaban)
Cautions

A

Liver failure
Renal disease

166
Q

Anticoagulants
Factor Xa inhibitors
Special consideration for Enoxaparin admin

A

Rotate injection sites
Do not remove air bubbles in prefilled syringes

167
Q

Antiplatelets
Adenosine phosphate receptor binder
Example

A

Clopidogrel bisulfate

168
Q

Antiplatelets
Adenosine phosphate receptor binder
(Clopidogrel bisulfate)
Indication

A

Prevent thrombus

169
Q

Antiplatelets
Adenosine phosphate receptor binder
(Clopidogrel bisulfate)
Assessment

A

Bleeding

170
Q

Antiplatelets
Adenosine phosphate receptor binder
(Clopidogrel bisulfate)
Teaching

A

-Do not take with NSAIDs or aspirin (increases bleeding risk)
-stop taking before surgery

171
Q

Antiplatelets
Adenosine phosphate receptor binder
(Clopidogrel bisulfate)
Side effects

A

Rash
Bleeding
Diarrhea
Agranulocytosis (low white blood cell count)

172
Q

Urinary meds
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
Example

A

Finasteride

173
Q

Urinary meds
5-alpha reductase inhibitors
(finasteride)
Indications

A

BPH
Male pattern baldness

174
Q

Urinary meds
5-alpha reductase inhibitor
(Finasteride)
Side effects

A

Decreases ejaculate
Increases prostate cancer risk
Causes gynecomastia
Teratogenic

175
Q

Urinary meds
Anticholinergic
Example

A

Oxybutynin

176
Q

Urinary meds
Anticholinergic
(Oxybutynin)
Administration / teaching

A

-Anticholinergic effects, so encourage fluids
-encourage fiber to counter constipation
-monitor pulse for safety
-photosensitivity, so teach eye safety outdoors

177
Q

Urinary meds
Urinary analgesic
Example

A

Phenazopyridine

178
Q

Urinary meds
Urinary analgesic
(Phenazopyridine)
Assessment and side effects

A

Assess before: cause of sx
Side effects: discolors urine, clothing, and contact lenses
Assess while using: renal/hepatic status

179
Q

Sleep meds
Hypnotic
Example

A

Zolpidem

180
Q

Sleep meds
Hypnotic
(Zolpidem)
Indication

A

Promote sleep

181
Q

Sleep meds
Hypnotic
(Zolpidem)
Side effects

A

Daytime drowsiness
Sleepiness
Altered behavior

182
Q

Sleep meds
Hypnotic
(Zolpidem)
Cautions

A

Careful of:
-interaction with other meds
-administration timing
-safety

183
Q

Sleep meds
Hormone
Example

A

Melatonin

184
Q

Sleep meds
Hormone
(Melatonin)
Caution

A

Caution with:
-interaction with other meds
-administration timing
-safety

185
Q

Sleep meds
Hormone
(Melatonin)
Side effects

A

Irritability
Daytime sleepiness

186
Q

Antibiotics
Penicillins
Example

A

Amoxicillin

187
Q

Antibiotics
Indication

A

Bacterial infection

188
Q

Antibiotics
Administration

A

-culture and sensitivity first
-check for allergies
-check for cross-sensitivity
-monitor for cdiff
-monitor for super infection

189
Q

Antibiotics
Side effects

A

-N/V/D (can take cephalosporins w/food to prevent)

-Photosensitivity

-Watch for renal impairment

-May need backup contraceptive

190
Q

Antibiotics
Cephalosporins
Example

A

Cephalexin

191
Q

Antibiotics
Sulfonamides
Example

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

192
Q

Antibiotics
Tetracyclines
(Tetracycline)
Side effect / administration

A

Stains teeth
Administer through a straw
Hepatotoxic (check LFTs)

193
Q

Antibiotics that are cross sensitive

A

Penicillins and cephalosporins

194
Q

Antibiotics
Sulfonamides
(Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole)
Monitor for after administering

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
GI effects
Rash
Kernicterus (high bilirubin causing brain damage)

195
Q

Antibiotics
Aminoglycosides
Example

A

Gentamicin

196
Q

Antibiotics
Macrolides
Example

A

Azithromycin

197
Q

Antibiotics
Fluoroquinolones
Example

A

Ciprofloxacin

198
Q

Antibiotics
Aminoglycosides
(Gentamicin)
Side effects and monitoring

A

-SE: ototoxic (begins with headache and tinnitus)
-monitor peak and trough

199
Q

Antibiotics
Macrolides
(Azithromycin)
Side effects

A

Abdominal pain
QT prolonged

200
Q

Antibiotics
Fluoroquinolones
(Ciprofloxacin)
Side effects / contraindications

A

Side effects:
-Phototoxic
-Confusion
-candida
-tendon rupture
Contraindicated if myasthenia gravis

201
Q

Antibiotics
Carbapenem
Example

A

Imipenem

202
Q

Antibiotics
Glycopeptide
Example

A

Vancomycin

203
Q

Antibiotics
Urinary tract antiseptics
Example

A

Nitrofurantoin

204
Q

Antibiotics
Nitroimidazoles
Example

A

Metronidazole

205
Q

Antibiotics
Glycopeptides
(Vancomycin)
Side effects

A

SE:
-vesicant
-ototoxic
-renal toxic
-Red Man Syndrome

206
Q

Antibiotics
Glycopeptides
(Vancomycin)
Administration

A

-give slowly through central access to prevent Red Man Syndrome
-monitor peak and trough
-given orally for cdiff

207
Q

Antibiotics
Carbpenems
(Imipenem)
Cautions

A

Older adults
Renal failure

208
Q

Antibiotics
Urinary tract antiseptics
(Nitrofurantoin)
Side effects

A

Hepatotoxic
Teratogenic

209
Q

Antibiotics
Nitroimidazoles
(Metronidazole)
Indication

A

H pylori
C diff

210
Q

Antibiotics
Nitroimidazoles
(Metronidazole)
Side effect

A

Neurotoxic

211
Q

Antifungals
Polyene antibiotic
Example

A

Nystatin

212
Q

Antifungals
Polyene antibiotic
(Nystatin)
Admin and side effects

A

Admin: oral or topical

SE:
-local irritation
-GI distress

213
Q

Antifungal
Azole
Example

A

Diflucan

214
Q

Antifungal
Azole
(Diflucan)
Side effects

A

GI upset
Abdominal pain
SJS
Headache

215
Q

Antiviral
Purine analog
Example

A

Acyclovir

216
Q

Antivirals
Purine analog
(Acyclovir)
Side effects, admin

A

SE: GI distress, vertigo, headache, neurotoxic, renal impairment

Admin: topical form may sting

217
Q

PUD
Histamine agonist
Example

A

Famotidine

218
Q

PUD
Proton pump inhibitor
Example

A

Omeprazole

219
Q

PUD
Mucosal barrier fortifier
Example

A

Sucralfate

220
Q

PUD
Prostaglandin E Analog
Example

A

Misoprostol

221
Q

PUD
histamine antagonist
(Famotidine)
Admin and monitoring

A

Give 30 min before meal
Caution with elderly
Monitor for GI effects

222
Q

PUD
Proton Pump Inhibitors
(Omeprazole)
Admin

A

-Monitor for magnesium and B12 (especially in longer treatment course)
-Give 30 min before meals

223
Q

PUD
Mucosal barrier fortifier
(Sucralfate)
Admin

A

Space out from antacid administration

224
Q

PUD
Prostaglandin E analog
(Misoprostol)
Side effects

A

Teratogenic
Diarrhea

225
Q

PUD
Antacids
Examples (2)

A

Aluminum hydroxide
Calcium carbonate

226
Q

PUD
Antacids
(Aluminum hydroxide)
Side effect

A

Interaction with other meds
Constipation

227
Q

PUD
Antacids
Magnesium antacids
Side effects

A

Interaction with other meds
Diarrhea

228
Q

PUD
salicylate
(Bismuth)

A

Can color tongue and stool black
Long term use has risk for neurological effects

229
Q

Antiemetics
Serotonin antagonist
Example

A

Ondansetron

230
Q

Antiemetics
Antiemetic
Examples (2, not ondansetron)

A

Prochlorperazine
Meclizine hydrochloride

231
Q

Antiemetic common side effects

A

Headache
Constipation
Diarrhea
Fatigue

232
Q

Antiemetic
Serotonin antagonist
(Ondansetron)
Additional side effect

A

QT interval prolongation

233
Q

Antiemetic
(Prochlorperazine)
Caution

A

Elderly
Blurred vision
Tardive dyskinesia

234
Q

phenytoin therapeutic range

A

10 - 20

235
Q

digoxin therapeutic range

A

0.8 - 2.0 ng/mL
Toxicity is > 2.4

236
Q

Theophylline therapeutic range

A

treatment of asthma 5 - 15
treatment of acute bronchospasm 10 - 15

237
Q

Laxatives
Bulk forming

A

Psyllium

238
Q

Laxatives
Stimulant
Examples (2)

A

Bisacodyl
Sennakot

239
Q

Laxatives
Osmotic
Examples (4)

A

Lactulose
Polyethylene glycol
milk of magnesia
magnesia citrate

240
Q

Laxatives
Stool Softener
example

A

docusate sodium

241
Q

Laxatives
Caution & Contraindication

A

-Caution: extended use can cause Fluid & Electrolyte imbalances
-Contraindication: obstruction

242
Q

Stimulant laxative caution

A

can cause low potassium and potential for abuse

243
Q

Laxatives
patient teaching

A

Safety measures
encourage fluids
when to expect BM
slow position changes

244
Q

Laxatives
psyllium and polyethylene glycol
administration

A

must be administered with water or juice (make sure patient can swallow)

245
Q

laxatives
stool softener
timing of effects

A

1-3 days to promote soft stool

246
Q

laxatives
bisacodyl suppository
side effect

A

may cause local irritation

247
Q

laxatives
general side effects

A

cramping
bloating
GI discomfort

248
Q

Antidiarrheals
examples (2)

A

loperamide
diphenoxylate/atropine

249
Q

antidiarrheals
(loperamide, diphenoxylate/atropine)
contraindication

A

do not give if cdiff

250
Q

antidiarrheals
(diphenoxylate/atropine)

A

monitor for abuse potential

251
Q

hypothyroid meds
example

A

levothyroxine

252
Q

hypothyroid meds
(levothyroxine)
administration

A

admin 30-60 minutes before meal

253
Q

hypothyroid meds
(levothyroxine)
administration

A

-admin 30-60 min before meals
-monitor levels for s/s of hypo or hyper thyroid

254
Q

hypothyroid meds
(levothyroxine)
adverse effects / interactions

A

-adverse effect: hyperthyroid (dose too high)
-interaction: intensifies warfarin’s effects

255
Q

hypothyroid drugs
(levothyroxine)
brand consideration

A

changes between brand/generic name dosing can change serum levels

256
Q

hyperthyroid meds
examples(2)

A

Methimazole
propylthiouracil

257
Q

Hyperthyroid drugs
(methimazole, Propylthiouracil)
administration

A

-monitor serum levels
-effects take a long time
-teach pt. to report side effects
-methimazole: NIOSH safe handling

258
Q

hyperthyroid meds
(methimazole, propylthiouracil)
adverse effects

A

-Agranulocytosis (fever, sore throat)
WBC, may not appear until after other sx
-teratogenic, esp. methimazole
-propylthiouracil: severe liver damage

258
Q

Insulin
types (4)

A

Rapid acting insulins
slower acting insulins
intermediate acting insulins
Long acting insulins

259
Q

Rapid acing insulins
example (2)

A

lispro
aspart

260
Q

slower acting insulin
example

A

regular insulin

261
Q

intermediate acting insulin
example

A

NPH

262
Q

Long acting insulin
examplea (2)

A

glargine
detemir

263
Q

insulin indication

A

T1 and T2 DM

264
Q

insulin
rapid acting
(lispro, aspart)
administration

A

-give immediately before meals
-duration is 3-5 hrs

265
Q

insulin
slower acting insulin
(regular insulin)
administration

A

-give 30 min. before meal
-duration up to 10 hrs

266
Q

insulin
intermediate acting
(NPH)
administration

A

-give same time each day
-cloudy
-roll gently between palms before giving
-if mixing NPH w/rapid or slower acting, draw up NPH last

267
Q

insulin
long acting insulin
(glargine, detemir)
administration

A

-give same time each day
-do not mix with other insulins
-no peak
-prolonged duration
-cannot give IV

268
Q

insulin
admin/teaching

A

-teach to rotate sights
-call MD if sick, check BG and still administer dose
-have glucagon on hand if severely hypoglycemic

269
Q

antiglycemics
2nd generation sulfonylurea
example

A

glipizide

270
Q

antiglycemics
biguanide
example

A

metformin

271
Q

antiglycemics
meglitinide
example

A

repaglinide

272
Q

antiglycemics
thiazolidinedione
example

A

pioglitazone

273
Q

antiglycemics
(glipizide, metformin, repaglinide, pioglitazone, acarbose, sitagliptin, dulaglutide, empagliflozin)
indication

A

T2 DM

274
Q

antiglycemics
(glipizide, metformin, repaglinide, pioglitazone, acarbose, sitagliptin, dulaglutide, empagliflozin)
monitoring

A

watch for s/s hypoglycemia

275
Q

antiglycemics
(glipizide)
side effects

A

hypoglycemia, weight gain

276
Q

antiglycemics
(glipizide)
interactions

A

Alchohol
NSAIDs
beta blockers

277
Q

antiglycemics
(metformin)
administration

A

-less likely to cause hypoglycemia
-admin with food
-hold if contrast media

278
Q

antiglycemics
(metformin)
side effects, interactions

A

-GI distress
-lactic acidosis
-avoid alcohol

279
Q

antiglycemics
(repaglinide)
administration

A

give before meal

280
Q

antiglycemics
(pioglitazone)
side effects, teaching, contraindication

A

SE: Heart Failure
Teach: sx of HF and to report
Contraindication: HF

281
Q

antiglycemics
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
example

A

acarbose

282
Q

antiglycemics
gliptins
example

A

sitagliptin

283
Q

antiglycemics
incretin mimetic
example

A

dulaglutide

284
Q

antiglycemics
sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor
example

A

empagliflozin

285
Q

antiglycemics
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
(acarbose)
administration

A

give with first bite of meal

286
Q

antiglycemics
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
(acarbose)
side effects

A

cramping
GI distention
liver dysfunction

287
Q

antiglycemics
gliptin
(sitagliptin)
side effects

A

can cause pancreatitis
abdominal s/s
UTIs
hypersensitivity

288
Q

antiglycemics
incretin mimetic
(dulagliptin)
administration

A

given weekly as a pen injection

289
Q

antiglycemics
incretin mimetic
(dulagliptide)
side effects

A

n/v/d
site reactions

290
Q

antiglycemics
sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor
(empagliflozin)
side effects

A

fungal infections
UTIs
renal dysfunction
DKA
postural hypotension in elderly

291
Q

Dementia
Cholinesterase inhibitors
examples (2)

A

Donepezil
rivastigmine

292
Q

Dementia
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist
example

A

memantine

293
Q

dementia
administration
(donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine)
administration

A

-monitor for safety
-encourage to take at bedtime
-for ODT give w/glass of water
-rivastigmine: patch rotate site and watch for irritation

294
Q

dementia
(donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine)
side effects

A

GI
bradycardia
dizziness
fainting
falls
rivastigmine: weight loss
memantine: constipation

295
Q

Parkinson disease
dopamine agonist
example

A

levodopa/carbidopa

296
Q

Parkinson disease
monoamine oxidse-B inhibitors
example

A

selegiline

297
Q

Parkinson disease
central muscarinic antagonist
example

A

benzotropine

298
Q

Parkinson disease
dopamine agonist
(levodopa/carbidopa)
administration/side effects

A

-give on time
-protein disrupts absorption, so space out when eating protein
-if GI upset, give with food
-may darken urine, sweat

299
Q

Parkinson Disease
Monoamine oxidase-b inhibitor
(selegiline)
side effects/interactions

A

-orthostatic hypotension
-dizziness
-hypertensive crisis with tyramine foods

300
Q

Parkinson Disease
Central muscarinic antagonist
(benzotropine)
side effects

A

anticholinergic effects

301
Q

Antiseizure
Traditional meds
examples (3)

A

Phenytoin
valproic acid
phenobarbital (barbituate)

302
Q

Antiseizure
New med
example

A

levetiracetam

303
Q

antiseizure
(phenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, levetiracetam)
assessment

A

serum levels

304
Q

antiseizure
(phenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, levetiracetam)
teaching

A

-do not stop abruptly
-taper up/down
-keep seizure diary
-do not drive
-seizure precautions when dose change

305
Q

antiseizure
(phenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, levetiracetam)
side effects

A

drowsiness
sedation
teratogenic
liver damage

306
Q

antiseizure
(phenytoin)
side effect and teaching

A

gum hyperplasia
teach oral care
monitor for rash
monitor for purple glove syndrome

307
Q

Neuro
Benzodiazepines
examples (2)

A

lorazepam
diazepam

308
Q

Benzodiazepines
(lorazepam, diazepam)
indication

A

anxiety
seizures

309
Q

benzodiazapines
(lorazepam, diazepam)
assessment

A

-LOC
-VS
-respiratory status

310
Q

benzodiazepines
(loazepam, diazepam)
monitoring

A

-seizure activity, precautions when dose change

311
Q

benzodiazepines
(loazepam, diazepam)
administration

A

give lowest safe dose

312
Q

benzodiazepines
(loazepam, diazepam)
side effects

A

-dizziness
-drowsiness
-lethargy

313
Q

benzodiazepines
(loazepam, diazepam)
cautions, contraindications

A

-Caution: older adults
-Contraindication: do not use with other CNS depressants (including alcohol)

314
Q

Antimigraine
abortive
example

A

sumatriptan

315
Q

antimigraine
preventative
example

A

topiramate

316
Q

antimigraine
abortive
(sumatriptan)
side effects/ contraindication

A

se:
-teratogenic
-fatigue
-tingling
-chest tightness/pressure
contraindicated: cardiac disease or MI

317
Q

antimigraine
preventative
(topiramate)
side effects/cautions

A
  • B12 deficiency
    -weight loss
    -renal stones (caution if renal disease)
    -tingling/paresthesia
318
Q

antimigraine
preventative
(topiramate)
teaching

A

-encourage water intake
-taper dose up or down

319
Q

Anti-inflammatory
antigout
examples (2)

A

colchicine
allopurinol

320
Q

anti-inflammatory
anti-gout
(colchicine)
indication

A

acute gout attacks

321
Q

anti-inflammatory
anti-gout
(allopurinol)
indication

A

maintenance; prevents uric acid formation

322
Q

Anti-inflammatory
antigout
(colchicine, allopurinol)
adminstration

A

-monitor uric acid levels
-food may decrease GI effects

323
Q

anti-inflammatory
anti-gout
(colchicine, allopurinol)
side effects /interactions
(Both 2, colchicine 2 more)

A

Both: GI, rash
Colchicine:
-renal/hepatic effects;
-avoid grapefruit juice

324
Q

Antirheumatic
nonbiologic
example

A

methotrexate

325
Q

antirheumatic
biologic
example

A

etanercept

326
Q

antirheumatic
(methotrexate and etanercept)
side effects

A

teratogenic
immunosuppressant

327
Q

antirheumatic
premed assessment
(methotrexate, etanercept)

A

baseline chest X-ray
baseline labs
vaccines
TB test

328
Q

antirheumatic
(methotrexate, etanercept) monitoring

A

Monitor:
-CBC
-LFTs
-PLTs
-look for opportunistic infections
-liver injuries
-myelosuppression

329
Q

antirheumatic
(methotrexate, etanercept)
teaching

A

avoid alcohol
avoid crowds

330
Q

antirheumatic
biologic
(etanercept)
side effects

A

rhinitis
headache
abdominal pain
site irritation (sc injection)

331
Q

antirheumatic
non-biologic
(methotrexate)
instructions

A

give with folate to reduce GI irritation

332
Q

Eye
Prostaglandin type
example

A

latanoprost

333
Q

eye
alpha-adrenergic agonist
example

A

brimonidine

334
Q

eye
beta-adrenergic agonist
example

A

timolol

335
Q

eye
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (-amide)
example

A

dorzolamide

336
Q

eye
corticosteroid
example

A

prednisolone

337
Q

eye
anticholinergic
example

A

atropine opthalmic solution

338
Q

eye meds except atropine
indication

A

glaucoma (decrease IOP)

339
Q

eye meds
admin

A

-treatment is chronic
-teach hand hygiene
-eye drop technique
-space out admin time between drops

340
Q

eye
beta-adrenergic antagonist
(timolol)
SE

A

heart block
bradycardia
bronchospasm

341
Q

eye
alpha-adrenergic agonist
(brimonidine)
SE

A

headache
dry mouth
dry nose
altered taste
lid reactions
pruritis
may stain contact lenses

342
Q

eye
prostaglandin type
(latanoprost)
SE

A

brown pigmentation of iris/eyelid
teratogenic

343
Q

eye
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (-amide)
(dorzolamide)
SE

A

Miosis
blurred vision
photophobia
teratogenic

344
Q

eye
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (-amide)
(dorzolamide)
admin with caution if

A

renal failure

345
Q

eye
corticosteroid
(prednisolone)
side effects

A

-eye infection more likely
-increased IOP

346
Q

eye
anticholinergic
(atropine ophthalmic solution)
indication / SE

A

anticholinergic
use for mydriasis and cyclopegia

347
Q

ALT range
liver fx

A

4-36

348
Q

AST Range
liver fx or muscle damage

A

0-35

349
Q

ALP range
liver fx

A

30-120

350
Q

albumin range
liver fx

A

3.5-5

351
Q

bilirubin range
liver fx

A

0.3-1.0

352
Q

PT range
clotting and liver fx

A

60-70 seconds

353
Q

LFTs

A

ALT
AST
ALP
albumin
bilirubin
PTT

Pharm (6 decks)

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