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OPAE - final test review > final review > Flashcards

final review Flashcards

1
Q

what are 4 signs of inflammation

A
  • redness
  • swelling
  • heat
  • pain
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2
Q

which types of bacteria are responsible for dental caries

A

(MS) mutans streptococci and (LB) lactobacilli

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3
Q

what can damage the dental pulp

A

demineralization or caries

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4
Q

what 3 types of protection is provided to the teeth by saliva

A

chemical, physical and antibacterial

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5
Q

periodontal disease signs and what causes it? why is it not reversible? and what are some signs and symptoms

A

periodontal disease can be caused by bacterial plaque, and calculus

it is not reversible because once the surrounding bone structures have been damaged, it cannot be repaired or grow back

signs and symptoms are:
- red, swollen gingiva
- bleeding gingiva
- loose teeth
- pain or pressure when chewing
- pus around the teeth

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6
Q

what are signs of gingivitis

A

redness, and swelling
gingiva bleeds easily
changes in the gingival colour
loss of tissue adaptation in the teeth

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7
Q

what is the term universal precautions in terms of treating patients

A

universal guidelines are based on treating all human blood and bodily fluids as potentially infectious

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8
Q

what is herpes? what are some signs of herpes simplex type 1

A

herpes are viral infections
- can result in ulcer like lesions

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9
Q

what is recurrent herpes labialis? and how long can they take to heal

A

it is a childhood infection that can lie dormant and reappear later in life

it can heal within 7-14 days

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10
Q

list lesions extending below the gingiva

A

ulcers - breaks in the mucosa that looks like craters

erosion - shallow injury in the mucosa

abscesses - collection off puss in a specific area

cyst - fluid or semisolid, fluid-filled sacs

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11
Q

list lesions extending above the gingiva

A

blisters - lesions filled with watery fluid

pustules - looks like a blister but contains pus

hematoma - looks like a blister but contains blood

plaque - flat area that is slightly raised from the surface (bruise)

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12
Q

list lesions that lay flat

A

nodules - appears below the surface or may be slightly elevated

granuloma - a type of nodule that contains granulation tissue

tumours - also known as neoplasms, masses of tissue that grows beyond the normal size

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13
Q

what are some AIDS initial oral manifestations

A

hiv gingivitis
hiv periodontitis
cervial lymphodenopathy
candidias
lymphoma
hair leukoplakia
kaposi sarcoma
herpes simplex
herpes zoster
human papillomavirus

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14
Q

pseudomembranous

A

a false membrane or tissue

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15
Q

demineralization

A

loss of minerals in the tooth

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16
Q

remineralization

A

replacement of minerals in the tooth

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17
Q

xerostomia

A

dryness of the mouth caused by reduction of saliva

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18
Q

cavitation

A

formation of cavity or hole

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19
Q

rampant caries

A

decay that develops rapidly and is widespread throughout the mouth

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20
Q

incipient lesion

A

non cavitated lesion

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21
Q

root caries

A

decay on the root surface of the teeth that have gingival recession

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22
Q

recurrent/secondary caries

A

caries that form in tiny spaces between the tooth and the margins of restoration

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23
Q

arrested caries

A

areas of decay that have stopped progressing and are inactive

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24
Q

smooth surface caries

A

caries that occur on the mesial, distal, facial, and lingual surfaces of the enamel

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25
Q

ecchymosis

A

medical term for a bruise

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26
Q

precancerous leukoplakia

A

signs of precancerous changes in the mouth, or mouth cancer

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27
Q

leukoplakia

A

formation of white spots or patches on the tongue, cheeks and oral mucosa

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28
Q

cellulitis

A

serious bacterial skin infection that causes inflammation of cellular or connective tissue

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29
Q

osteosarcoma

A

a malignant tumour that involves the bone

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30
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

kaposi sarcoma is a disease where cancer cells are found in the mucosal membranes, and causes red, blue and black oral lesions

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31
Q

sarcoma

A

term used for a broad group of cancers that begin in the bones and soft tissue

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32
Q

andenicarcinoma

A

a malignant tumour that comes from the glands underlying the oral mucosa

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33
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

disease or swelling of the lymph nodes

34
Q

glossitis

A

condition in which the tongue becomes inflamed and swollen

35
Q

micrognathia

A

a condition that is characterized by abnormally small jaws

36
Q

macrognathia

A

a condition characterized by abnormally large jaws

37
Q

torus mandibularis

A

a bony overgrowth on the lingual surface of the mandible near the premolar and the molar area

38
Q

torus palatinus

A

a bony overgrowth at the midline of the hard palate

39
Q

ankyloglossia

A

short lingual frenum that extends to the apex of the tongue

40
Q

abscess

A

localized area of pus originating from a bacterial infection

41
Q

cyst

A

a fluid filled sac that can occur in tissues in any party of the body

42
Q

lesion

A

area of abnormal tissue, can be benign or malignant

43
Q

blister

A

lesions extending above the muccosal surface that is filled with a watery fluid

44
Q

dens in dente

A

enamel organs that extends into the dental papilla

45
Q

mottle enamel

A

when discolouration of teeth occur due to ingestion of excessive fluoride during the mineralization period of tooth development

46
Q

TMD and symptoms

A

a complex disorder of the temporomandibular joint that involves factors such clenching and bruxism causing trauma to the jaw

47
Q

bells palsy

A

paralysis of the facial muscles due to damage of the facial nerve

48
Q

abrasion

A

the abnormal wearing away of tooth structure

49
Q

bruxism

A

an oral habit characterized by involuntary grinding of teeth and clenching of teeth

50
Q

attrition

A

the normal wearing away of the tooth surface during chewing

51
Q

baby bottle caries or early childhood cares (ECC)

A

presence of one or moe decayed primary teeth

52
Q

pulpitis

A

inflammation of the dental pulp

53
Q

necrotic pulp

A

when the innermost tissue of the tooth dies

54
Q

candidias

A

a superficial infection caused by yeast-like fungus
- can be due to antibiotics, diabetes, xerostomia

55
Q

oral manifestations of bulimia

A

erosion of the occlusal surface of the teeth due to acidity from vomit

56
Q

what is black hair tongue and what its caused by

A

hairy black tongue is the elongation and staining of the filiform papillae due to and imbalance in the oral flora

57
Q

hair leukoplakia and what is it caused by

A

white plaque that is usually found on one side or sometimes on both side on the lateral borders of the tongue

  • can be an early sign for aids

occurs if someone has a low immune system

58
Q

malignant versus benign

A

malignant are neoplasms that are cancerous

benign neoplasms are harmless

59
Q

another term for canker sore

A

aphthous ulcer

60
Q

are early signs of oral cancer painful

A

early signs of cancer are not painful and can be undetectable

61
Q

early manifestations of leukamia

A

hemorrhage, ulcerations, enlargement, spongy texture and red/purple colour of the gingiva

enlargement of lymph nodes

symptoms of anemia

general bleeding tendencies

62
Q

how does radiation treatment for head and neck cancer affect the salivary glands

A

radiation treatment can destroy the salivary glands and cause irreversible destruction

63
Q

indications and contraindications for placing sealants

A

patients with high risk for caries

lack of exposure to fluoride

previous and present caries

high sugar diet

low income families

64
Q

cervical lymphadenopathy

A

abnormal enlargement of lymph nodes in the head and neck

65
Q

candidiasis

A

a fungal infection caused by a yeast like fungus

66
Q

lymphoma

A

a cancer that begins in the lymphatic system

67
Q

hair leukoplakia

A

a condition triggered by the Epstein-Barr virus causing white patches on your tongue

68
Q

kaposi sarcoma

A

a disease where the cancer cells are found in the mucosal membranes

69
Q

herpes simplex

A

a common infection that can cause painful blisters or ulcers

70
Q

herpes zoster

A

also known as shingles, caused by a reactivation of the virus that causes chickenpox

71
Q

human papillomavirus

A

a sexually transmitted infection that causes warts to grow on the mucous membrane

72
Q

what is characterized by a bright red ling along the free gingival margin

A

HIV

73
Q

what type of diagnosis is made by providing a treatment and seeing how the condition responds

A

therapeutic

74
Q

if taken during pregnancy, may result in a yellow-gray-brown stain on the teeth of the fetus

A

antibiotics

75
Q

what percentage of americans have some form of periodontal disease

A

75%

76
Q

how many more times is a diabetic likely to have periodontal support loss

A

3 times more

77
Q

what is linked to alveolar bone loss

A

estrogen loss

78
Q

how many drugs cause the side effect of xerostomia

A

more than 400

79
Q

the use of phenytoin, cyclosporine, and calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine and verapamil results in what

A

gingival enlargement

80
Q

what is found on the clinical crowns of the teeth, above the margin of the gingiva

A

supragingival sulcus

81
Q

what term refers to the film from saliva that adheres to the teeth

A

pellicle

OPAE - final test review (1 decks)

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