Final Review Flashcards
emotions are the grammar of social relationships
emotional exchanges are the core elements of the interactions that make up our relationships.
two ways to approach the social nature of emotions
- emotions create specific social relationships, for example a feeling of social passion helps us get into long term partnerships, smile is an indiction of cooperation, anger is declaration of conflict
- relationships shape emotions
for example:
emotions shift as we experience different relationships,
romantic partner elicits passion, friend= gratitude, boss=anxiety
How are emotions futile?
- informative: provide information
- evocation: Trigger responses,
smile at someone you like in order to get their attention - incentive: motivates others behavior,
someone tells you a joke to make you laugh
What is the human universal for romantic relationship?
monogomy
what percent of Americans marry and what percentage divorce?
85-90% marry, 50% divorce
What are the three basic attachment styles?
- caregiving: for vulnerable offspring
- sexual: motivates reproductive behavior
- attachment: pair bonding
what brings individuals together into romantic partnerships?
sexual desire and romantic love
1983 Levenson and Gottman study
followed marriages of 79 couples in order to discover which emotional processes predict the fall of marriages.They measured the dynamics of married partners as they engaged in 15 min conversations on conflictual problems
4 Horseman Apocalyse
toxic emotional behaviors that are damaging to relationships and will lead to divorce
1. criticism: finding fault in each other, critical, attacking partner’s personality or character with the intent of making someone right or wrong
2.defensiveness: seeing self as the victim, making excuses and whining
3.contempt: attacking your partner’s sense of self with the intention to insult or psychologically abuse him/ her
name calling, hostile humor, body language
4.stonewalling: withdrawing from the relationship as a way to avoid conflict
stony silence, changing the subject
toward the magical 5 to 1 ratio of positive to negative emotion
- Humor
- Gratitude
- Forgiveness
Capitalizing upon the good (Gable)
romantic partners share their joys and respond to each other’s good news with engaged enthusiasm, they are more likely to feel committed to one another many months later
why should you form relationships with non-kin?
- alliance formation negates power of the alpha
2. more efficient in care-giving and food collection and defense
Benefits of a strong support system
people to share complex emotions with and can turn to in times of need
- Alameda County: Those who report weak social support 1.9 to 3.1 times more likely to have died nine years later (Berkman & Syme, 1979)
- Strong support lower levels of cortisol, loneliness increases it (Kiecolt-Glaser et al., 1995)
- Give stressful speech with supportive member in audience or with stranger (friend reduces lower blood pressure; Kamarck et al., 1990)
- Give stressful talk, with sense of social support show lower cortisol response (Taylor et al., 2007)
- Spiegel et al., 1989: women with breast cancer who are in supportive group therapy better life expectancy compared to non-intervention control (37 vs. 18 months)
- Strong social networks add 10 years to your life expectancy (Holt-Lunstad, Smith, & Layton, 2010)
social class and emotion
social class: wealth, education, and prestige of work that the individual enjoys within a particular society
social class and empathetic accuracy
lower class people are better judges of other’s emotions
social class and compassion
lower class people respond with greater compassion ( in terms of self-repot and autonomic physiology) to the suffering of other
social class vs self reported compassion
Low SC show greater self-reported compassion to suffering than high SC
social class vs.heart rate
low SC showed lowered heart rate to suffering of ppl as compared to high SC individuals. They’re heart rates decelerate lower than high SC individuals
HPA ( hypothalamic-pituitary axis)
Body's flight or fight response. responsible for short-term and chronic stress. increased feeling of vulnerability stress, anxiety, fear, and nervousness vigilance to threats immune system compromise (?)
Stressful life circumstance for individuals of low SES
fewer books/ parks, good food, more noise, pollution parent's inconsistent work longer commute times, less time with kids greater exposure to crime
Low SES threat sensitivity
great cardiac response to threat
distrust of others
hostile attribution bias
greater amygdala response to angry faces
chronically elevated cortisol, cytokine system
higher levels of anxiety/ depression
cortisol no longer down regulates inflammation (?)
chronically inflammed immune system (?)
by age 20, shed 6 years off life expectancy
magical transformation
term coined by philosopher Jean-Paul Sarter to explain how emotions influence our reasoning
emotions transform the way we see the world
heuristics
guess that often work better than chance, shortcuts to making judgements or taking action influenced by our emotions
