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chemistry > final review > Flashcards

final review Flashcards

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1
Q

density

A

mass / volume

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2
Q

chemical property

A

ability of a substance to react or change into one or more other substances (flammability or reactivity)

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3
Q

physical change

A

a change that does not alter the composition of a material, only the state or phase has changed (cut, tear, boil, freeze, grind)

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4
Q

chemical change

A

a change that alters the identity of a material, new substances are formed (burn, rot, rust)

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5
Q

identify chemical change

A

change in color, change in energy or temp, production of gas, or formation of a precipitate

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6
Q

types of pure substances

A

elements and compoundsp

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7
Q

types of mixtures

A

hetero and homogenous

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8
Q

number of neutrons in an atom

A

mass num - protons

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9
Q

number of protons in an atom

A

atomic number

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10
Q

number of electrons in an atom

A

protons (atomic number) if neutral

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11
Q

what is an isotope

A

atoms of the same element that have the same amt of protons but different amt of neutrons

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12
Q

isotope notation

A

mass num / atomic num

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13
Q

isotope name

A

element-mass num

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14
Q

wavelength

A

λ - shortest distance between equivalent points on a wave (m, mm, nm)

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15
Q

frequency

A

v - number of waves that pass a given point per second (herzt, 1/sec)

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16
Q

where are metals located

A

left of the stairstep (minus hydrogen)

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17
Q

where are metalloids located

A

on the stairstep (minus aluminium)

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18
Q

where are nonmentals located

A

right of stairstep (plus hydrogen)

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19
Q

group 1

A

alkalai metals

20
Q

group 2

A

alkaline earth metals

21
Q

group 17

A

halogens

22
Q

group 18

A

noble gases

23
Q

representative elements

A

s and p blcok

24
Q

transition metals

A

d block

25
Q

inner transition metals

A

f block

26
Q

diatomic elements

A

br, i, n, cl, h, o, f

27
Q

atomic size / radius

A

one half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

28
Q

atomic size trend

A

largest is bottom left (francium), smallest is top right

29
Q

ionization energy

A

energy to remove one electron

30
Q

ionization energy trend

A

most in top right, least in bottom left

31
Q

electronegativity

A

ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound

32
Q

electronegativy trend

A

highest top right, lowest bottom left

33
Q

elements with a set charge

A

cadmium (ii), zinc (ii), and silver (i)

34
Q

ionic compound

A

trade electrons, metal and nonmetal, large electronegativy difference, acids

35
Q

covalent compound

A

share electrons, nonmetals, small electronegativy difference

36
Q

vsepr

A

valence shell electron pair repulsion, thoery about shape and repelling

37
Q

linear vs bent

A

if there are no lone pairs on the central atom, it is linear (np) if there are lone pairs, it is bent (polar)

38
Q

pyramiddle vs triagonal planar

A

pyramiddle has a lone pair (polar) triagonal planar has no lone pair (np)

39
Q

octet rule exceptions

A

H(2), Be(4), B(6), Al(6), S(10/12), P(10/12)

40
Q

electronegativy charge for types of bonds

A

ionic >1.7
polar covalent 0.4 - 1.7
nonpolar covalent <0.4

41
Q

ionic traits

A

high melting points, most dissolve in water, hard and brittle, conductors, crystalline at room temp

42
Q

covalent traits

A

lower melting points, most do not dissolve in water, soft and not brittle, not conductors, any state (rarely crystal)

43
Q

london dispersion forces

A

weakest of the forces, in all

44
Q

dipole dipole forces

A

in polar molecules

45
Q

hydrogen bonding forces

A

hydrogen atom that is bonded to o, f, or n

46
Q

empirical vs molecular formula

A

empirical is basic, molecular is multiple of empirical

47
Q

emperical formula

A

g / (g/mol) to get moles, then divide by smallest amt

chemistry (4 decks)

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