Final Review

Question 1

What is chemistry?

Answer 1

The scientific study of matter & its transformations

Question 2

What is an experiment?

Answer 2

How we study science, it must be obective (fact/non-biased) not subjective (opinion/biased)

Question 3

What is Matter?

Answer 3

Anything that has mass & takes up space

Question 4

What is Physical Change?

Answer 4

No rearrangement of atoms (change in state)

Question 5

What is a Chemical Change?

Answer 5

Rearrangement of atoms

Question 6

What is Science?

Answer 6

Systematic endevor to understand a natural phenomenon

Question 7

What is Density?

Answer 7

Relating the mass of a species to its volume

Question 8

What are atoms?

Answer 8

Make up matter

Question 9

What is a molecule?

Answer 9

2 or more atoms chemically combined

Question 10

What is a coumpound?

Answer 10

2 or more atoms of different identity chemically combined

Question 11

What is atomic mass?

Answer 11

Weighted average of all naturally occuring isotopes

Question 12

What is the mass number?

Answer 12

Protons + Neutrons

Question 13

What is a mixture?

Answer 13

Two or more specieis coming together with no reaction

Question 14

Homogenous vs Heterogenous mixtures

Answer 14

Homogenous: No barrier/everything mixed (also known as solutions)

Heterogenous: Barrier between species/layers are visible

Question 15

What are the 3 Mass Laws?

Answer 15

1. Conservation of Mass: During a reaction, mass is neither created nor destroyed
2. Definite Proportion: For a given compound the ratio of components is fixed. If you change the ratio you change the compound
3. Multiple Proportions: When 2 elements combine to form a compound, the mass of one element, which combines with a fixed mass of the other, will always be in whole number ratios

Question 16

Ionic Bonding

Answer 16

Electrons are exchanged between species, resulting in cations & anions (a metal with a non-metal)

Question 17

Covalent Bonding

Answer 17

electrons are shared between species (non metal with a non metal)

Question 18

What is Nomenclature?

Answer 18

How an element will show up in nature

Question 19

What are Ionic Compounds?

Answer 19

Cation first + anion foot + -ide ending
(NaCl: Sodium chloride)

Question 20

What are Polyatomic ions?

Answer 20

2 or more atoms covalently bonded to give a molecule with an overall charge

Question 21

What is an Acid?

Answer 21

When non-metal acts like a metal

Question 22

What is a molar mass?

Answer 22

mass of a species per mole of that species

Question 23

What is a solution?

Answer 23

Solute (species in smaller amt) + Solvent (species in greater amt.)

Question 24

What are dilutions?

Answer 24

No chemical change, change in volume & no change in mols (m1V1=m2V2)

Question 25

What are Redox reactions?

Answer 25

exchange of electrons causing a change in oxidation stare

Question 26

Michael Faraday

Answer 26

Utilized cathorays

Question 27

J.J Thompson

Answer 27

Found the mass to charge ratio

Question 28

Robert A. Milkman

Answer 28

Oil drop experiment

Question 29

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 29

Gold foil experiment (alpha particles)

Question 30

James Chadwick

Answer 30

Discovered the neutron

Question 31

Robert Bunsen

Answer 31

utilized absorbtion & emisson to find elements within a compound

Question 32

Neils Bohr

Answer 32

Bohr model of the atom

Question 33

Erwin Schodinger

Answer 33

The mathematical approach to the atom

Question 34

Werner Heisenberg

Answer 34

Founder of quantum mechanics (quantum theory)

Question 35

4 Quantum Numbers

Answer 35

n: the principle Q#
l: angular momentum
mL: z component of angular momentum
mS: spin quantum #