Final Review Flashcards by Breanna Lawler

not reabsorbing enough HCO3
- respiratory compensates by blowing off excess CO2

metabolic acidosis

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pH > 7.45, HCO3 > 26

metabolic alkalosis

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headache
hyperkalemia
muscle twitching
vasodilation
low BP
N/V/diarrhea
LOC changes/confused/drowsy
Kussmaul respirations
compensation

metabolic acidosis

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caused by severe diarrhea, renal failure/issues, shock, and diabetic ketoacidosis

metabolic acidosis

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reabsorbing excess HCO3
- respiratory compensates by retaining CO2

metabolic alkalosis

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pH < 7.35, HCO3 < 22

metabolic acidosis

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caused by excessive HCO3, loop diuretics, severe vomiting, and excessive GI suctioning

metabolic alkalosis

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rapid, shallow respirations
tachycardic w/ possible dysrhythmias
N/V/diarrhea
hypokalemia
tingling in extremities
muscle cramping
decreased LOC/confusion

metabolic alkalosis

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eye S&S of anemia

yellow

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skin S&S of anemia

pale, cold, yellow

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respiratory S&S of anemia

SOB

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musculoskeletal S&S of anemia

weak

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GI S&S of anemia

change in stool color & spleen enlargement

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CNS S&S of anemia

fatigue, dizzy, faint, altered mental status

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circulatory S&S of anemia

low BP

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heart S&S of anemia

palpitations, rapid HR, chest pain, angina, MI

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orthostatic hypotension

decrease in systolic BP of 20 mmHg OR decrease in diastolic BP of 10 mmHG
change in 3 min of standing when compared to BP sitting/supine

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Precautions for CMV, HIV, Hep B & C, Aspergillosis

Standard

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Precautions for MRSA, VRE, Adenovirus, Diarrhea, C. diff., Rotavirus, E coli, Enterovirus, Salmonella, Shigella, Hep A, Herpes Zoster/Simplex

Contact

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Precautions for Pertussis, Influenza A or B, MRSA (respiratory), Coxsackie, Bacterial meningitis, RSV, Mumps, Rubella

Droplet

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Precautions for Chicken pox, Disseminated Herpes Zoster, Measles, TB, SARS, Avian Influenza

Airborne

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Airborne Precautions require:

wash hands before/after, N-95, door closed

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Droplet precautions require:

wash hands before/after, full face protection (goggles, mask, face shield)

Contact Precautions Require:

wash hands before/after, gloves, gown, and disposable equipment

_____ factors affecting wound healing: Necrosis, edema, pressure, maceration, desiccation, excessive bleeding, trauma, biofilm, and infection

Local

________ factors affecting wound healing: age, circulation, oxygenation, BMI, meds, health status, comorbidities, lifestyle

Systemic

occur directly in the wound

local factors

not related to wound location but can prolong wound healing

systemic factors

- intermittent claudication pain - no edema - no pulse or weak pulse - no drainage - round, smooth sores - black eschar - pain subsides with rest - location: toes & feet

Arterial insufficiency

- dull, achy pain - lower leg edema - pulse present - drainage - sores with irregular borders - yellow slough or ruddy skin - improves with leg elevation & activity - location: ankles

Venous insufficiency

_______ reaction to blood transfusion: chills, fever, headache, flushing, tachycardia, increased anxiety

Febrile

________ reaction to blood transfusion: MILD: hives, pruritis, facial flushing SEVERE: SOB, bronchospasm, anxiety

Allergic

_________ reaction to blood transfusion: low back pain, hypotension, tachycardia, fever & chills, chest pain, tachypnea, hemoglobinuria, may have immediate onset

Hemolytic

urethral blockage, unable to empty bladder properly (i.e., prostate enlargement)

overflow incontinence

relaxed pelvic floor, increased abdominal pressure (i.e., after birth, coughing & sneezing)

stress incontinence

bladder oversensitivity from infection, neurologic disorder (i.e., spasms)

urge incontinence

bladder issue related to CNS issues

neurogenic incontinence

narrowing of the arteries, commonly the pelvis & legs - cramping, pain - tired legs or hip muscles that worsens during walking/activity & subsides with rest

arterial insufficiency (PAD)

inadequate return of venous blood from the legs to the heart - tired/heavy - achy cramping in the legs - pain that worsens when standing & improves with leg elevation and activity

venous insufficiency (PVD)

organisms growing & multiplying

incubation period

when person is MOST infectious; vague and nonspecific signs of disease

prodromal stage

presence of specific signs & symptoms of disease

full stage of illness

recovery from the infection

convalescent period

ability of a system to exchange electronic health info with and use electronic health info from other systems without special effort on the part of the user

interoperability

technologies that provide for Pt safety and independence at home (i.e., health & fitness apps, sensors, tools) that connect the Pt with caregiver, digital med reminder systems, and early warning & detection tech

telecare

use of telecommunication technologies to support the deliver of all types of medical, diagnostic, and treatment-related services, usually by physician or NP

telemedicine

collection of air outside lung but within the pleural cavity; occurs when air accumulates between the parietal & visceral pleura inside the chest & the air accumulation can apply pressure on the lung & make it collapse

pneumothorax

serious condition in which blood collects in the pleural space; w/o Tx, blood can continue to accumulate and put so much pressure on outside of lung that it cannot fully inflate

hemothorax

loss that can be recognized by others as well as the person sustaining the loss

actual

condition in which a person displays loss & grief behaviors for a loss that has yet to take place

anticipated

loss of youth, financial independence, and of a valued environment experienced by a person, but tangible to others

perceived

losses that occur during the life cycle

maturational

unexpected or unpredictable loss

situational

- movement of affected side may be reduced - percussion note is dull - crackles may be heard - bronchial breathing may be present - whispering pectoriloquy and aegophony may occur - vocal fremitus and resonance are sometimes increased

consolidation (i.e., lobar pneumonia)

- trachea & apex beat may be displaced away from the effusion if it is large - movement of affected side may be reduced - percussion note is stony dull - vocal fremitus and resonance are reduced - breath sounds are reduced

pleural effusion

- trachea & apex may be displaced to the side - movement of affected side is reduced - bream sounds are diminished

atelectasis (collapsed lung)

- trachea & apex beat are displaced away from the affected side - percussion note may be hyper-resonant - bream sounds are reduced over pneumothorax - vocal fremitus and resonance may be reduced

tenson pneumothorax