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Pharmacology Final Exam > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What do miotics do to the eye?

A

cause pupil constriction decreasing IOP promoting the flow of aqueous humor out of the eye

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2
Q

What are the signs of toxicity for cholinergic/anticholinesterase miotics?

A

bradycardia
low BP
tremors
dysrhythmia
seizures

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3
Q

What is the treatment for a patient if they show signs of bradycardia after taking miotics?

A

Atropine

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4
Q

How often is Ocusert insert supposed to be replaced?

A

Every 7 days

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5
Q

What are the contraindications for administering Pilocarpine?

A

retinal detachment adhesions
acute eye infection

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6
Q

What category of medications are Atropine and Scopolamine?

A

Anticholinergic mydriatic eye drops

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7
Q

What type of eyedrop would cause eye muscle paralysis and is used in eye procedures?

A

Cycloplegics

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8
Q

What are the effects of a cholinergic?

A

Salivation
Lacrimation/Tears
Urination
Diaphoresis
GI distress
Emesis
(SLUDGE)

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9
Q

What category of drugs does Pilocarpine belong to?

A

Cholinergic Agonist/Anticholinesterase Miotic

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10
Q

What does a beta adrenergic blocker do when given as an anti-glaucoma drop?

A

constrict the eye and reduce aqueous humor production, decreasing IOP

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11
Q

Beta adrenergic blockers end in what?

A

LOL

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12
Q

What allergy would cause a red flag when it comes to carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Sulfa allergy

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13
Q

What type of glaucoma medication is used only in emergencies?

A

Oral diuretic: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

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14
Q

Diamox is what type of medication?

A

CAI (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor)

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15
Q

What are the effects of adrenergic blockers?

A

Decreased BP*
Bradycardia*
Bronchial constriction
Vasodilate
muscle contraction

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16
Q

What medication is given orally for emergency open angle glaucoma?

A

Diamox (acetazolmide)

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17
Q

What medication is given by IV for emergency close angle glaucoma?

A

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

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18
Q

What is the biggest risk for IV Mannitol?

A

Electrolyte imbalance

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19
Q

How does Osmitrol reduce IOP?

A

by reducing the vitreous humor

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20
Q

When administering ear drops do you pull the patient’s ear up or down?

A

Up for adults.
Down for children.

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21
Q

Why would a patient take an antihistamine for an eye complaint?

A

for allergic conjunctivitis

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22
Q

What is the difference between closed angle and open angle glaucoma?

A

Open angle is more common and is when there is plumbing issues. Closed angle is from a blockage due to eye trauma and is an acute emergency.

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23
Q

What is Proparacaine HCL/Tetracaine used for?

A

Eye anesthetic

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24
Q

What is a hordeolum?

A

Stye in the eye

25
Q

What are the adverse effects of a topical glucocorticoid?

A

Increased WBC
Increased Glucose

26
Q

What are the effects of a nasal decongestant?

A

Vasoconstriction (reduce swelling)

27
Q

A nasal decongestant stimulates which receptors?

A

Adrenergic receptors

28
Q

What are the systemic decongestants and what are they used for?

A

oral ephedrine
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
*Used for allergic rhinitis or hay fever

29
Q

What type of patients should avoid systemic decongestants?

A

Diabetics
Cardiac
hypothyroid

30
Q

What is Dextromethorphan (DM)?

A

An antitussive that is used for dry cough

31
Q

What are the contraindications for antitussives?

A

Sedatives
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Narcotics
Antidepressants

32
Q

Can Flonase/Nasacort be used long term?

A

No it is for short term use only

33
Q

What do 2nd generation antihistamines end in?

A

~tAdine
A is for allergies

34
Q

What type of medication is Mucomyst?

A

An inhaled mucolytics for asthma or hyperactive airway

35
Q

What type of medication is used for acetaminophen overdoses?

A

Oral Mucolytic

36
Q

What type of medications are Guaifenesin and Mucinex?

A

An expectorant used for productive cough to loosen bronchial secretions with COPD

37
Q

When would Albuterol inhaler be used?

A

In emergency rescue situations

38
Q

What type of medications are Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Epinephrine?

A

Sympathomimetic adrenergic agonists that are for emergencies to open airways

39
Q

What is the use for Atrovent/Combivent anticholinergics?

A

For bronchodilation (“vent”)

40
Q

What type of medication is Theophylline?

A

Bronchodilator

41
Q

What is the therapeutic range for an oral bronchodilator?

A

10-29 ug/mL

42
Q

What is the range of toxicity for an oral bronchodilator?

A

> 20 ug/mL

43
Q

In which instances is the half life for an oral bronchodilator decreased?

A

Smokers
Children

44
Q

What conditions would be a contraindication for oral bronchodilator usage?

A

Seizure patients
Cardiac patients
Liver patients
Renal disease patient

45
Q

What drugs interact with oral bronchodilators?

A

Beta blockers
Tagamet
Propanolol
E-Mycin
Barbiturates
Carbamazepine
Litium
Beta agonists

46
Q

What are the side effects of oral bronchodilators?

A

Diuresis
Excessive U/O
HA
N/V
GI pain
Hyperglycemia
Decrease in clot time
Hypotension

47
Q

What are the nursing considerations when giving a respiratory anticholinergic?

A

Take 5 min after rescue inhaler and wait 5 min before using a steroid inhaler

48
Q

What are the nursing considerations for glucocorticoids?

A

Monitor S/S for allergic reaction.
Assess liver/kidney function.
Taper dose and take with food to avoid ulcers.

49
Q

What are the routes of administration for a MDI (metered dose inhaler)

A

Tablet
Injection

50
Q

What is Montelukast classified as?

A

Leukotriene Modifier (LTRA)

51
Q

What is the nursing consideration for a Leukotriene Modifier?

A

Used for environmental allergies and asthma, but not to be used with an ACUTE attack!

52
Q

Which eye medications should be avoided for glaucoma patients?

A

Anticholinergic Mydriatics and Cycloplegics

53
Q

When giving a topical Anti-Infective for burns, what should be monitored?

A

Fluid balance
Electrolytes
Renal function
S/S of infection

54
Q

What is sulfadiazine (Silvadene) used for?

A

2nd/3rd degree burns

55
Q

What are the side effects for Sulfadiazine?

A

Erythema multiforme
crystalluria
leukopenia
skin necrosis

56
Q

What are the nursing considerations for decongestants?

A

The systemic side effects: Increased BP
Increased glucose levels
Avoid caffeine

57
Q

What is the priority order of medications for COPD?

A
  1. bronchodilator
  2. steroid
  3. mucolytic/expectorant
58
Q

What type of medication is Singulair?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)

59
Q

What are the drug interactions of Albuterol?

A

MAO inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Beta Blockers
Other sympathomimetics

Pharmacology Final Exam (1 decks)

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