Final Review

Question 1

What do miotics do to the eye?

Answer 1

cause pupil constriction decreasing IOP promoting the flow of aqueous humor out of the eye

Question 2

What are the signs of toxicity for cholinergic/anticholinesterase miotics?

Answer 2

bradycardia
low BP
tremors
dysrhythmia
seizures

Question 3

What is the treatment for a patient if they show signs of bradycardia after taking miotics?

Answer 3

Atropine

Question 4

How often is Ocusert insert supposed to be replaced?

Answer 4

Every 7 days

Question 5

What are the contraindications for administering Pilocarpine?

Answer 5

retinal detachment adhesions
acute eye infection

Question 6

What category of medications are Atropine and Scopolamine?

Answer 6

Anticholinergic mydriatic eye drops

Question 7

What type of eyedrop would cause eye muscle paralysis and is used in eye procedures?

Answer 7

Cycloplegics

Question 8

What are the effects of a cholinergic?

Answer 8

Salivation
Lacrimation/Tears
Urination
Diaphoresis
GI distress
Emesis
(SLUDGE)

Question 9

What category of drugs does Pilocarpine belong to?

Answer 9

Cholinergic Agonist/Anticholinesterase Miotic

Question 10

What does a beta adrenergic blocker do when given as an anti-glaucoma drop?

Answer 10

constrict the eye and reduce aqueous humor production, decreasing IOP

Question 11

Beta adrenergic blockers end in what?

Answer 11

LOL

Question 12

What allergy would cause a red flag when it comes to carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?

Answer 12

Sulfa allergy

Question 13

What type of glaucoma medication is used only in emergencies?

Answer 13

Oral diuretic: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Question 14

Diamox is what type of medication?

Answer 14

CAI (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor)

Question 15

What are the effects of adrenergic blockers?

Answer 15

Decreased BP*
Bradycardia*
Bronchial constriction
Vasodilate
muscle contraction

Question 16

What medication is given orally for emergency open angle glaucoma?

Answer 16

Diamox (acetazolmide)

Question 17

What medication is given by IV for emergency close angle glaucoma?

Answer 17

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Question 18

What is the biggest risk for IV Mannitol?

Answer 18

Electrolyte imbalance

Question 19

How does Osmitrol reduce IOP?

Answer 19

by reducing the vitreous humor

Question 20

When administering ear drops do you pull the patient’s ear up or down?

Answer 20

Up for adults.
Down for children.

Question 21

Why would a patient take an antihistamine for an eye complaint?

Answer 21

for allergic conjunctivitis

Question 22

What is the difference between closed angle and open angle glaucoma?

Answer 22

Open angle is more common and is when there is plumbing issues. Closed angle is from a blockage due to eye trauma and is an acute emergency.

Question 23

What is Proparacaine HCL/Tetracaine used for?

Answer 23

Eye anesthetic

Question 24

What is a hordeolum?

Answer 24

Stye in the eye

Question 25

What are the adverse effects of a topical glucocorticoid?

Answer 25

Increased WBC Increased Glucose

Question 26

What are the effects of a nasal decongestant?

Answer 26

Vasoconstriction (reduce swelling)

Question 27

A nasal decongestant stimulates which receptors?

Answer 27

Adrenergic receptors

Question 28

What are the systemic decongestants and what are they used for?

Answer 28

oral ephedrine pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) *Used for allergic rhinitis or hay fever

Question 29

What type of patients should avoid systemic decongestants?

Answer 29

Diabetics Cardiac hypothyroid

Question 30

What is Dextromethorphan (DM)?

Answer 30

An antitussive that is used for dry cough

Question 31

What are the contraindications for antitussives?

Answer 31

Sedatives Alcohol Barbiturates Narcotics Antidepressants

Question 32

Can Flonase/Nasacort be used long term?

Answer 32

No it is for short term use only

Question 33

What do 2nd generation antihistamines end in?

Answer 33

~tAdine *A is for allergies*

Question 34

What type of medication is Mucomyst?

Answer 34

An inhaled mucolytics for asthma or hyperactive airway

Question 35

What type of medication is used for acetaminophen overdoses?

Answer 35

Oral Mucolytic

Question 36

What type of medications are Guaifenesin and Mucinex?

Answer 36

An expectorant used for productive cough to loosen bronchial secretions with COPD

Question 37

When would Albuterol inhaler be used?

Answer 37

In emergency rescue situations

Question 38

What type of medications are Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Epinephrine?

Answer 38

Sympathomimetic adrenergic agonists that are for emergencies to open airways

Question 39

What is the use for Atrovent/Combivent anticholinergics?

Answer 39

For bronchodilation ("vent")

Question 40

What type of medication is Theophylline?

Answer 40

Bronchodilator

Question 41

What is the therapeutic range for an oral bronchodilator?

Answer 41

10-29 ug/mL

Question 42

What is the range of toxicity for an oral bronchodilator?

Answer 42

>20 ug/mL

Question 43

In which instances is the half life for an oral bronchodilator decreased?

Answer 43

Smokers Children

Question 44

What conditions would be a contraindication for oral bronchodilator usage?

Answer 44

Seizure patients Cardiac patients Liver patients Renal disease patient

Question 45

What drugs interact with oral bronchodilators?

Answer 45

Beta blockers Tagamet Propanolol E-Mycin Barbiturates Carbamazepine Litium Beta agonists

Question 46

What are the side effects of oral bronchodilators?

Answer 46

Diuresis Excessive U/O HA N/V GI pain Hyperglycemia Decrease in clot time Hypotension

Question 47

What are the nursing considerations when giving a respiratory anticholinergic?

Answer 47

Take 5 min after rescue inhaler and wait 5 min before using a steroid inhaler

Question 48

What are the nursing considerations for glucocorticoids?

Answer 48

Monitor S/S for allergic reaction. Assess liver/kidney function. Taper dose and take with food to avoid ulcers.

Question 49

What are the routes of administration for a MDI (metered dose inhaler)

Answer 49

Tablet Injection

Question 50

What is Montelukast classified as?

Answer 50

Leukotriene Modifier (LTRA)

Question 51

What is the nursing consideration for a Leukotriene Modifier?

Answer 51

Used for environmental allergies and asthma, but not to be used with an ACUTE attack!

Question 52

Which eye medications should be avoided for glaucoma patients?

Answer 52

Anticholinergic Mydriatics and Cycloplegics

Question 53

When giving a topical Anti-Infective for burns, what should be monitored?

Answer 53

Fluid balance Electrolytes Renal function S/S of infection

Question 54

What is sulfadiazine (Silvadene) used for?

Answer 54

2nd/3rd degree burns

Question 55

What are the side effects for Sulfadiazine?

Answer 55

Erythema multiforme crystalluria leukopenia skin necrosis

Question 56

What are the nursing considerations for decongestants?

Answer 56

The systemic side effects: Increased BP Increased glucose levels Avoid caffeine

Question 57

What is the priority order of medications for COPD?

Answer 57

1. bronchodilator 2. steroid 3. mucolytic/expectorant

Question 58

What type of medication is Singulair?

Answer 58

Leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)

Question 59

What are the drug interactions of Albuterol?

Answer 59

MAO inhibitors Tricyclic antidepressants Beta Blockers Other sympathomimetics