Final Review Flashcards
What do miotics do to the eye?
cause pupil constriction decreasing IOP promoting the flow of aqueous humor out of the eye
What are the signs of toxicity for cholinergic/anticholinesterase miotics?
bradycardia
low BP
tremors
dysrhythmia
seizures
What is the treatment for a patient if they show signs of bradycardia after taking miotics?
Atropine
How often is Ocusert insert supposed to be replaced?
Every 7 days
What are the contraindications for administering Pilocarpine?
retinal detachment adhesions
acute eye infection
What category of medications are Atropine and Scopolamine?
Anticholinergic mydriatic eye drops
What type of eyedrop would cause eye muscle paralysis and is used in eye procedures?
Cycloplegics
What are the effects of a cholinergic?
Salivation
Lacrimation/Tears
Urination
Diaphoresis
GI distress
Emesis
(SLUDGE)
What category of drugs does Pilocarpine belong to?
Cholinergic Agonist/Anticholinesterase Miotic
What does a beta adrenergic blocker do when given as an anti-glaucoma drop?
constrict the eye and reduce aqueous humor production, decreasing IOP
Beta adrenergic blockers end in what?
LOL
What allergy would cause a red flag when it comes to carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors?
Sulfa allergy
What type of glaucoma medication is used only in emergencies?
Oral diuretic: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Diamox is what type of medication?
CAI (Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor)
What are the effects of adrenergic blockers?
Decreased BP*
Bradycardia*
Bronchial constriction
Vasodilate
muscle contraction
What medication is given orally for emergency open angle glaucoma?
Diamox (acetazolmide)
What medication is given by IV for emergency close angle glaucoma?
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
What is the biggest risk for IV Mannitol?
Electrolyte imbalance
How does Osmitrol reduce IOP?
by reducing the vitreous humor
When administering ear drops do you pull the patient’s ear up or down?
Up for adults.
Down for children.
Why would a patient take an antihistamine for an eye complaint?
for allergic conjunctivitis
What is the difference between closed angle and open angle glaucoma?
Open angle is more common and is when there is plumbing issues. Closed angle is from a blockage due to eye trauma and is an acute emergency.
What is Proparacaine HCL/Tetracaine used for?
Eye anesthetic
What is a hordeolum?
Stye in the eye
What are the adverse effects of a topical glucocorticoid?
Increased WBC
Increased Glucose
What are the effects of a nasal decongestant?
Vasoconstriction (reduce swelling)
A nasal decongestant stimulates which receptors?
Adrenergic receptors
What are the systemic decongestants and what are they used for?
oral ephedrine
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
*Used for allergic rhinitis or hay fever
What type of patients should avoid systemic decongestants?
Diabetics
Cardiac
hypothyroid
What is Dextromethorphan (DM)?
An antitussive that is used for dry cough
What are the contraindications for antitussives?
Sedatives
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Narcotics
Antidepressants
Can Flonase/Nasacort be used long term?
No it is for short term use only
What do 2nd generation antihistamines end in?
~tAdine
A is for allergies
What type of medication is Mucomyst?
An inhaled mucolytics for asthma or hyperactive airway
What type of medication is used for acetaminophen overdoses?
Oral Mucolytic
What type of medications are Guaifenesin and Mucinex?
An expectorant used for productive cough to loosen bronchial secretions with COPD
When would Albuterol inhaler be used?
In emergency rescue situations
What type of medications are Metaproterenol, Albuterol, Epinephrine?
Sympathomimetic adrenergic agonists that are for emergencies to open airways
What is the use for Atrovent/Combivent anticholinergics?
For bronchodilation (“vent”)
What type of medication is Theophylline?
Bronchodilator
What is the therapeutic range for an oral bronchodilator?
10-29 ug/mL
What is the range of toxicity for an oral bronchodilator?
> 20 ug/mL
In which instances is the half life for an oral bronchodilator decreased?
Smokers
Children
What conditions would be a contraindication for oral bronchodilator usage?
Seizure patients
Cardiac patients
Liver patients
Renal disease patient
What drugs interact with oral bronchodilators?
Beta blockers
Tagamet
Propanolol
E-Mycin
Barbiturates
Carbamazepine
Litium
Beta agonists
What are the side effects of oral bronchodilators?
Diuresis
Excessive U/O
HA
N/V
GI pain
Hyperglycemia
Decrease in clot time
Hypotension
What are the nursing considerations when giving a respiratory anticholinergic?
Take 5 min after rescue inhaler and wait 5 min before using a steroid inhaler
What are the nursing considerations for glucocorticoids?
Monitor S/S for allergic reaction.
Assess liver/kidney function.
Taper dose and take with food to avoid ulcers.
What are the routes of administration for a MDI (metered dose inhaler)
Tablet
Injection
What is Montelukast classified as?
Leukotriene Modifier (LTRA)
What is the nursing consideration for a Leukotriene Modifier?
Used for environmental allergies and asthma, but not to be used with an ACUTE attack!
Which eye medications should be avoided for glaucoma patients?
Anticholinergic Mydriatics and Cycloplegics
When giving a topical Anti-Infective for burns, what should be monitored?
Fluid balance
Electrolytes
Renal function
S/S of infection
What is sulfadiazine (Silvadene) used for?
2nd/3rd degree burns
What are the side effects for Sulfadiazine?
Erythema multiforme
crystalluria
leukopenia
skin necrosis
What are the nursing considerations for decongestants?
The systemic side effects: Increased BP
Increased glucose levels
Avoid caffeine
What is the priority order of medications for COPD?
- bronchodilator
- steroid
- mucolytic/expectorant
What type of medication is Singulair?
Leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)
What are the drug interactions of Albuterol?
MAO inhibitors
Tricyclic antidepressants
Beta Blockers
Other sympathomimetics
