Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

(Q1) MA 17: Medical Terminology > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alveoli

A

end of each bronchiole; clusters of microscopic air sacs where O2 and Co2 are exchanged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

afferent nerves

A

carry nerve impulses from body to spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

amylase

A

enzyme in saliva that begins to break down carbs; pancreatic digestive enzyme that further breaks down complex sugar molecules into glucose and into food fibers (waste)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine because of acute renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Apgar Score

A

procedure that gives score to newborn (1-5 minutes after birth)

0-1-2 points given for: heart rate, respiratory rate, muscle tone, response to stimulation, and skin color. (normally 1-point is taken away for acrocyanosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

apnea

A

absence of spontaneous respirations due to respiratory failure or respiratory arrest

CPAP machine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

astrocyte

A

cells with branches that radiate outward, like a star

support the dendrites of neurons and connect them to capillaries

form blood-brain barrier that keeps certain harmful substances in blood from entering the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

aura

A

sensation on gets before the onset of a seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

auscult/o

A

listening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

axon

A

elongated extension of cytoplasm at end of a neuron, covered by myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

balanitis

A

infection and inflammation of glans penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bile

A

what liver cells produce, makes bilirubin and biliverdin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bolus

A

small rounded mass, especially of chewed food at moment of swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Braxton Hicks

A

false labor, irregular contracts to strengthen itself in preparation for childbirth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Candidiasis

A

yeast infection; vaginal itching, leukorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide, CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

chronic condition; caused by repetitive motions of hand and wrist, often caused by typing

tingling because of inflammation

swelling compresses median nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

catheterization

A

procedure which catheter is inserted through urethra and into the bladder to drain the urine

condom / Foley / straight / suprapubic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cephal/o

A

head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cerebellum

A

separate rounded section at base of brain; receives sensory information about muscle tone and position of body (helps maintain balance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cerebrum

A

largest area of brain; divided into 4 lobes and 2 hemispheres

lobes = parietal, frontal, temporal, occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

chancre

A

lesion that ulcerates, forms crust and heals

associated with syphillis in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

chyme

A

semisolid mixture of food particles, saliva, and digestive enzymes

two sphincters keep the chyme in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cirrhosis of the liver

A

chronic, progressive inflammation and irreversible degeneration of liver, with enlargement, nodules, and scarring

f(x) of liver is impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive lung disease - incudes bronchitis or emphysema

caused by chronic exposure to sire pollution or smoking

inflammation of bronchi; hyperinflation and rupture of alveoli

type of reactive airway disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder, fluid-filled sacs, semisolid cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cystoscopy

A

procedure that uses cystoscope through urethra to examine inside of bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

defecation

A

process of elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

degulation

A

process of swallowing that occurs when food particles in oral cavity are swallowed and move into pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

dendrite

A

multiple branching structures at the beginning of a neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

DRE

A

digital rectal exam

procedure to palpate prostate gland; yearly in men over 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

dwarfism

A

hyposecretion of growth hormone

during childhood and puberty; defect in anterior pituitary gland; short stature with normal body proportions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

dyspepsia

A

mild, temporary epigastric pain; sometimes gas or nausea

AKA indigestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult, labored, or painful respirations

shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

factors include kidney stones, cystitis, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation of fertilized ovum somewhere other than uterus; implants in cervix, ovary, abdominopelvic cavity

most common site = uterine tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ED (as it related to the reproductive system)

A

erectile dysfunction

inability to achieve or sustain an erection of penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

efferent nerves

A

carry nerve impulses away from spinal cord to the body

ventral nerve roots and their spinal
nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

ejaculation

A

action of semen leaving the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

epididymis

A

attach to outer wall of the testis; where the sperm mature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

epiglottis

A

lid like structure that seal the laryngeal opening so that swallowed food goes into the esophagus

open when breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

eupnea

A

normal depth and rate of respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

external genitalia (male reproductive system)

A

scrotum
testis
epididymis
vas deferens (also internal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

fertility

A

ability to conceive and give birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

flagellum

A

tail of sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

gamete

A

mature mate (sperm) or female (ova) cell that contains 23 chromosomes and can unite with the opposite sex gamete to produce a zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

gastrointestinal

A

pertaining to the stomach and intestines; elongated body system that goes from mouth to the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

genital herpes (and drug that treats it)

A

herpes simplex virus, type 2

Tx: topical and oral antiviral drugs, which shorten the duration or each outbreak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

GERD (what can you do to help treat/relieve it)

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease

eat small, frequent meals; elevate head or bed when sleeping; avoid alcohol and foods that stimulate stomach acid production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

glossitis

A

infection or inflammation of tongue; could be caused by vitamin B deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

glycosuria

A

excess glucose in the blood,; excreted in the urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

goiter

A

chronic and progressive enlargement of thyroid gland

AKA thyromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

gonad

A

sex glands

ovaries (produces egg) = female
testes (produces sperm) = male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Graves disease

A

type of hyperthyroidism

autoimmune

body produces antibodies that stimulate TSH receptors on thyroid gland, which increases production of thyroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

hal/o

A

breathe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

HCG (what does this signify)

A

human chronic gonadotropin

in pregnancy it stimulates the corpus luteum to keep producing estradiol and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

hemaglobin A1C

A

binds with glucose; indicates average level of blood glucose in previous 12-weeks; used to monitor how well diabetic patients are controlling blood glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

hematuria

A

blood in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

(tinged sputum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

hepatitis

A

infection and inflammation of liver

Hepatitis A / B / C / D

Hep D only develops in those who already have Hepatitis B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

hepatocyte

A

liver cells

62
Q

HIV (and what disease it can cause)

A

human immunodeficiency virus; infects helper T cells; lymphocytes

causes AIDS

63
Q

HPV (and what it can cuase)

A

human papillomavirus

genital warts or dysplasia of cervix or cancer of cervix

64
Q

HRT (treatment)

A

hormone replacement therapy

Tx for menopause

65
Q

hydrocephalus

A

excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid is produced or flow of it is blocked

“water on the brain”

66
Q

IBS (symptoms also)

A

irritable bowel syndrome

symptoms: cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea alternating with constipation, excessive mucous

67
Q

ingestion

A

consumption of substance

taking in food, drink, or another substance by swallowing or absorbing it

68
Q

inguinal hernia

A

hernia in groin

hernia: defect and weakness in muscle of diaphragm or abdominal wall; intestine and peritoneum bulge through = swelling and pain

69
Q

lipase

A

pancreatic digestive enzyme that breaks down small fat globules into fatty acids

70
Q

lobectomy

A

removes entire lobe

71
Q

lumbar puncture

A

procedure to obtain cerebrospinal fluid

AKA spinal tap

72
Q

mammography (what it can detect)

A

procedure that uses x-rays to create image of breasts

detects cysts and areas of microcalcification, infection, + tumors

73
Q

mastication

A

step 1 in mechanical digestion

involves teeth as they tear, chew, and grind food in oral cavity; tongue helps as it moves food particles around the mouth and mixes them with saliva

74
Q

meatus

A

where urethra ends

males: located at the end of penis and covered by the foreskin if uncircumcised

females: located at anterior of exterior opening of vagina

75
Q

meconium

A

first bowel movement; thick, greenish-black, tar-like and contains mucus and bile and skin cells

76
Q

medulla oblongata

A

most inferior part of brainstem; contains respiratory centers that automatically set the respiratory rate

77
Q

menarche

A

first menstrual period; beginning of menstruation

78
Q

meninges and the layers

A

what brain is surrounded and protected by; 3-layers

dura mater: outermost, protects brain

arachnoid: 2nd layer, beneath is subarachnoid space = filled with cerebrospinal fluid and contains branching fibers

pia mater: innermost layer; covers surface of brain, contains network of small blood vessels

79
Q

motility

A

forward movement, as it pertains to sperm

80
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty, white insulating layer; covers LARGE axons

myelin increases speed of an electrical impulse along the neuron

81
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney, nephron

82
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of the kidney; site of urine production

each kidney contains 1MM+ nephrons

83
Q

olfactory nerve

A

cranial nerve I

sensory, f(x) is to smell; receives sensory info about smells from olfactory receptors in the nose

84
Q

orthropnea

A

difficulty breathing when lying down; only comfortable in a straight upright position

dyspnea and congestion occur if patient is lying down; severity is expressed as # of pillows that are needed

85
Q

ovulation (signs of)

A

increased temperature
cervical mucus changes
estradiol decreases
progesterone increases
endometrium building up

86
Q

oximetry

A

procedure to measure the degree of hemoglobin saturation of the blood

87
Q

PAP Smear (what it can detect)

A

screening test to detect abnormal cells (dysplasia) or carcinoma in situ of cervix

88
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

active when body is sleeping, resting, eating, or light activity - “rest and digest”

neurotransmitter = acetylcholine

decreased heart rate, BP, metabolic rate

increase or decreased of pupils depending on light level

increase in peristalsis, saliva secretion, contract bladder, prepares body for sex

89
Q

parenchyma of the kidney (and what it contains)

A

functional or working tissue of kidney and contains nephrons that are in tissue layers of cortex and medulla

90
Q

peps/o

A

digestion

91
Q

peptic ulcer

A

chronic irritation, burning pain, and erosin of mucosa with formation of an ulcer

esophageal / gastric / duodenal ulcers are all peptic ulcers

92
Q

pept/o

A

digestion

93
Q

perineum

A

male: area of skin between posterior scrotum and anus

female: area of skin between vulva and anus

94
Q

pH

A

measure how acidic or alkaline urine is

urine is normally slightly alkaline

acidic: < 7
alkaline: > 7

95
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland; master gland of the body

anterior: secretes 7 hormones
posterior: store 2 hormones produced in hypothalamus

96
Q

placenta previa

A

incorrect position of placenta with edge partially or completely covering the cervical canal

97
Q

PMS

A

premenstrual syndrome; high levels of estradiol and progesterone that happen just prior to menstruation

98
Q

pne/o

A

breathing

99
Q

polyphagia

A

feeling of being hungry and eating often

100
Q

polyuria

A

excessive amounts of water excreted in the urine

increased amounts of urine

101
Q

PSA

A

blood test that detects glycoprotein in cells of prostate gland

higher level = advanced cancer

increase in men with prostate cancer

102
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blockage of a pulmonary artery or one of its branches; decreased level of O2; shortness of breath

103
Q

pulmonology

A

medical speciality that studies anatomy and physiology of respiratory system

104
Q

-ptysis

A

condition of coughing up

105
Q

purul/o

A

pus

106
Q

py/o

A

pus

107
Q

quadriplegia

A

injury to upper spinal cord, paralysis of all four extremeties

108
Q

renal pelvis

A

large funnel shaped area that narrows to become the ureter

109
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

110
Q

scrotum

A

soft pouch of skin behind the penis and in front of the legs; contains testes, epididymis, and part of vas deferens

a few degrees cooler

111
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

small tightly coiled tubes that produce sperm

112
Q

septum

A

central, vertical wall of cartilage and bone that divides hollow nasal cavity into left and right sides

113
Q

spermatic cord (what it contains)

A

what fetal testis has; contains vas deferens as well as arteries, veins, and nerves

114
Q

spermatogenesis

A

producing mature sperm/spermatozoa

115
Q

spermatozoon

A

sperm, singular

motile and mature sperm cell

116
Q

spir/o

A

breathe; coil

117
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of mucosa in oral cavity caused by poorly fitting dentures or infection

118
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

“active and alert”
“fight or flight”

active when body is active or exercising

neurotransmitter = norepinephrine

actions: increased mental awareness, dilate pupils, increase heart rate and metabolic rate, increase BP, increase air flow to lungs, increased respiratory rate, increased energy

119
Q

synapse

A

space between two neurons

120
Q

tetany

A

involuntary muscle cramp or spasm due to abnormal alterations in body’s electrolytes (especially calcium)

121
Q

testis

A

what is inside scrotum; produce sperm and testosterone, male gonad

122
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

super absorbant tampons; menstrual blood held for extended period of time

high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension (shock)

123
Q

TURP (what this procedure will correct and where is it done)

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

corrects benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostate enlargement)

done in prostate

124
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

bacterial or viral infection of nose or throat, AKA common cold or headcold

125
Q

ureter

A

tube connects renal pelvis of kidney to the bladder

126
Q

urethra

A

tube that carriers urine from the bladder to outside the body

male: urine and semen travel through same hole

127
Q

vasectomy (and why a person would get this)

A

male procedure to prevent pregnancy; section of each vas deferens is removed and cut ends sutured or cauterized

can be reversed

128
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder; fluid/filled sac

129
Q

causes of an asthma attack

A

exposure to allergens, dust, mold, smoke, inhaled chemicals, exercise, cold air, or emotional stress

130
Q

what the central nervous system consists of and its function

A

CNS = brain and spinal cord

receive, process, and interpret sensory information from internal boy and environment around it

131
Q

substances leave the stomach and enter what organ

A

small intestine

duodenum - jejunum - ileum

132
Q

substance regulated by parathyroid gland

A

regulates amount of calcium in blood

133
Q

waste products that are excreted by kidney

A

urea, creatine, uric acid, drugs and products of drug meatbolism

134
Q

what holds the ovaries in place?

A

broad ligament

135
Q

what shaken baby syndrome can cause?

A

permanent brain damage, head trauma

136
Q

what is used for treat type 1 diabetes?

A

insulin

137
Q

what type of procedure would be performed to remove cervical lesions?

A

cryosurgery

138
Q

causes of gastric ulcer

A

bacteria Helicobacter pylori; caused by excessive hydrochloric acid, stress, drugs (aspirin) that irritate mucosa

139
Q

what is a receptor as it relates to hormones?

A

site where hormone binds to, which in turn unlocks a receptor on a gland

140
Q

the different types of seizures

A

tonic-clonic / grand mal
absence
complex partial / psychomotor
simple partial / focal motor

141
Q

average menstrual cycle

A

28-days

142
Q

what the peripheral nervous system consists of and its function?

A

cranial, spinal nerves, and branches

divided into autonomic and somatic

automatic divided into parasympathetic and sympathetic

143
Q

the common cause of a UTI

A

bacterial infection in urinary tract caused by Escherichia coli

144
Q

what does the umbilical cord bring from the mother to fetus?

A

oxygen, nutrients, and antibodies

removes CO2 and waste

145
Q

why an antiemetic drug is given

A

treats nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness

146
Q

signs of breast cancer

A

swelling, enlarged lymph nodes, nipple discharge

advanced: peau d’range (dimpling of skin) and nipple retraction

147
Q

what is performed to find the bacterium that causes an infection?

A

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

148
Q

how are fraternal twins made?

A

ovary releases two ova that are fertilized by different sperm

149
Q

what type of monitor is used for diabetes mellitus?

A

glucose (sugar) monitor

150
Q

patient with Cushing Syndrome has an increased level of what?

A

cortisol

(Q1) MA 17: Medical Terminology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions