Final Review Flashcards
Which of the following lists best illustrates increasing levels of complexity?
Organelles,cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
The activities of an anatomist consist of ________, whereas those of a physiologist consist of ________.
Observing body parts; studying functions of body parts
Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form ________.
Tissues
The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates _________.
Responsiveness
Which of the following are typically requires to maintain a stable internal environment
Negative feedback mechanisms
In negative feedback mechanisms, what occurs due to changes that move a variable away from the normal state?
Stimulation to change the variable in the opposite direction
What is the effect of a positive feedback mechanisms?
It moves conditions away from the normal state
When does cell death first occur?
During fetal development
What causes wrinkling and sagging of the skin?
Loss of subcutaneous fat, elastin, and collagen
T or F: We all know there is to know the structure and function of the human body.
False
T or F: Temperature is a form of energy, whereas heat is a measurement of then intensity of the temperature.
False
T or F: Homeostasis is the maintenance of a no unstable internal environment
False
T or F: The maintenance of a steady body temperature in the face of fluctuating environmental conditions illustrates homeostasis.
True
T or F: The muscular system is responsible for body movements, maintenance of posture, and production of body heat
True
T or F: The digestive system filters wastes from the blood
False
T or F: Aging begins on the fetus.
True
T or False: Chromosomes get longer as cell ages.
False
A group of cells with common properties that are organized into a layer or mass called a _______.
Tissue
A subcellular structure built of assemblies of macromolecules that carries out a particular function is an ______.
Organelle
What requirement of life is the most abundant chemical in the body and is the major component of extracellular fluid?
Water
Name two types of cavities found in the head?
Paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity
Matter is composed of elements which, in turn are composed of ________.
Atoms
What occurs to form a covalent bond?
Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
Sodium ions and calcium ions are examples of what type of particle?
Cations
How does one isotope of a particular element differ from another of the same element?
The isotopes up have different mass numbers
What is the chemical formula H2O referring to?
A molecule that contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
The difference in hydrogen ion concentration between solutions with pH 4 and pH 5 is _________.
Ten-fold
A blood pH of _____ is called alkalemia.
7.5-7.8
Why is a complete atom considered to be electrically neutral?
Because the number of electrons equals the number of protons
Which of the following is true regarding the pH scale?
The lower the whole number on the scale, the greater the H+ concentration
What is the role of oxygen in the body?
Used to release energy from nutrient molecules
What statement describes carbohydrates?
They contain C, H, O, with twice as many hydrogen as oxygen atoms
What type of molecule has a molecular formula C6H12O6?
Monosaccharide
What statement describes lipids?
They are insoluble in water
Which of the following is not an organic compound?
Sodium chloride
What statement describes proteins?
The shape of proteins are critical to their function.
The decreased responsiveness to an ongoing stimulus is called _________.
Sensory adaptation
What statement describes a receptor potential?
Local graded potential that reflects strength of the stimulus.
Sensory impulses originate at receptors in response to _________.
Local changes in their cell membrane potentials
Olfactory receptors are examples of what class of sensory receptor?
Chemoreceptors
What receptor/stimulus pair is correct?
Proprioceptors: stimulated by changes in tension in muscles and tendons
Transmission of pain impulses within the posterior horn of the spinal cord can be inherited by compounds called ______, released in response to signals from several areas of the brain.
Enkephalins
How do pain receptors differ from other somatic receptors?
They adapt very little, if at all.
Where are the receptors for hearing located?
In the spinal organ
What is the correct order of segments of the visual pathway?
Optic nerve —> optic chiasma —> optic radiations —> thalamus —> optic tract —> visual cortex
