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Seed Biology > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Gastrodia elata is used in Chinese medicine for treating:

A

Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s

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2
Q

Protocorm germination (12 weeks) has a ________ association

A

Mycorrhizal

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3
Q

What species does the largest seed belong to?

A

Coconut, Lodoicea maldvica

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4
Q

Composite flowers have what 2 kinds of flowers?

A

Ray flowers and disk flowers

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5
Q

Composite flower seeds are called?

A

Achenes

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6
Q

Strawberries are not true berries because?

A

Each “seed” is a achene fruit and the flesh is the receptacle

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7
Q

What is a caryopsis, typical of grass?

A

a dry one-seeded fruit in which the ovary wall is united with the seed coat

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8
Q

Describe an aril

A

A seed accessory tissue on the seed coat from which mace is made from nutmeg seeds

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9
Q

Where is the acellular endosperm in a coconut?

A

It is the coconut meat, and the liquid endosperm is the coconut water.

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10
Q

Where is the perisperm?

A

It is inside a seed, surrounded by the cotyledons and radicle

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11
Q

what is a nucellus?

A

the central part of an ovule, containing the embryo sac.

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12
Q

Describe silique dehiscence and its importance.

A

It is the process by which mature seeds are released from fruits that split.

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13
Q

Describe funicular abscission.

A

It is the intentional cell death of a point on the seed funiculus (umbilicus). which releases the seed.

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14
Q

Ocean currents of the Gulf stream carry buoyant seeds from where to where?

A

Carribean to Northern Europe

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15
Q

Wheat awns move in response to what as an aid to seed dispersal?

A

Humidity

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16
Q

Define geocarpy in seeds.

A

Self drilling with a coil that expands and retracts

17
Q

Define cold stratification.

A

A process to break seed dormancy with cold temps and moisture.

18
Q

What unfavorable conditions can induce a second dormancy in seeds?

A

Anoxia
Unsuitable temps
Darkness

19
Q

Describe hard seed.

A

Surface is a “scarification” with a waxy cuticle that interferes with water uptake.

20
Q

Testa pigmentation mutants are called?

A

Transparent testa (tt)

21
Q

How is reduced dormancy inherited?

A

Maternally

22
Q

Define vivipary.

A

It is the pre-harvest sprouting of embryos before detachment from the fruit.

23
Q

The 1926 “Foolish Seedling” disease involved what fungus?

A

Gibberella fujikuroi. Produced Gibberellic acid which is a plant growth regulator.

24
Q

Phytochromes are red (R)/far-red (FR) light photoreceptors that control?

A

photoperception of light and the subsequent adaptation of plant growth and development

25
Q

Photoresversibility occurs because?

A

Because phytochromes are in 2 forms which operate at different wavelengths.

26
Q

T or F:
Seeds can detect a gap in FR-enriched light

A

True

27
Q

Hypotonic vs isotonic vs hypertonic

A

Hypo: Lower solute, water moves in
Iso: Same solute concentration
Hyper: Higher solute, water moves out

28
Q

What is Mannan mobilization?

A

The postgerminative reserve mobilization that helps with seed establishment

29
Q

What was the record for seed longevity?

A

2,000 year old ancient date seeds (Phoenix dactyllifera)

30
Q

Different seed vigor gives what 3 different field performances?

A

Seedling emergence
Seedling survival
Production yields

31
Q

What are a Controlled Deterioration (CD) test and then an Accelerated Aging (AA) test?

A

CD: High temp (40-45 deg C) and high humidity (100%)
AA: 24hrs of that for several days, then a germination test

32
Q

What are the 7 Valilov centers of origin?

A

A geographical area where a group of organisms first got their distinctive traits

33
Q

Why did soldiers barricade seed vaults in 1941 while under German siege in Leningrad?

A

“for the future of all humanity”

34
Q

Where is the USDA National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation (NCGRP) ​located?

A

Fort Collins, Colorado.

35
Q

Where is the Svalbard Global Seed Vault​ led by Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)​ located?

A

Norway, 1300 km from North Pole

36
Q

How does DNA damage result in abnormal seedlings?

A

Mutations in important genes

37
Q

How does membrane damage lead to reduced cell activity?

A

Loss of membrane functions

Seed Biology (2 decks)

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