Final Review

Question 1

An input table with n inputs should have how many binary entries?

Answer 1

2^n

Question 2

Two transistors connected in series form what logic operation?

Answer 2

AND

Question 3

Two transistors in parallel implement what logic operator?

Answer 3

OR

Question 4

What is the difference between analysis and synthesis?

Answer 4

Analysis is done on existing networks, synthesis is creating new networks

Question 5

Functional verification is what?

Answer 5

The process of applying all input combinations to a network and measuring the outputs in a truth table

Question 6

What is the definition of functionally equivalent?

Answer 6

Two networks of different construction that implement the same overall function

Question 7

Perfect Induction is what process?

Answer 7

Constructing truth tables for a boolean function that is to be analyzed, and checking all of the outputs manually

Question 8

An expression containing two or more AND terms ORed together is what kind of expression?

Answer 8

Sum of products, Product of sums is the reverse (ORs ANDed)

Question 9

Each unique SOP product term is called what?

Answer 9

Minterm

Question 10

Maxterms correspond to cells in the K-Map or Rows in the truth table where the output is what?

Answer 10

0

Question 11

Which two gate types have universality?

Answer 11

NAND and NOR

Question 12

What causes errors during transmission?

Answer 12

Electrical Noise

Question 13

What is a parity bit and how are they generated?

Answer 13

An additional bit appended to the package; 0 for an even number of 1s, 1 for odd.

Question 14

Functions with don’t care conditions have what title?

Answer 14

Incompletely Specified

Question 15

In what case would the carry bit of an addition be ignored?

Answer 15

If the numbers were represented in 2s compliment

Question 16

A full adder can be constructed with how many half adders?

Answer 16

Two

Question 17

An n bit adder adds numbers of what bit length?

Answer 17

n

Question 18

What is a circuit’s critical path?

Answer 18

The longest gate delay possible.

Question 19

Why would ripple adders be used instead of lookahead adders?

Answer 19

Ripple adders are cheaper

Question 20

What is a noise margin?

Answer 20

The maximum noise voltage added to the input of a digital circuit

Question 21

What does CMOS stand for?

Answer 21

Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor

Question 22

What is the difference between NMOS and PMOS transistors

Answer 22

NMOS is open at a gate voltage 0, PMOS is closed

Question 23

What type of transistor is denoted with a circle on the gate input?

Answer 23

PMOS

Question 24

What transistors are used for the upper and lower networks, and what are their functions?

Answer 24

Upper: PMOS, Load
Lower: NMOS, Logic

Question 25

What parameter of a transistor is varied to decease propagation delay

Answer 25

Width

Question 26

What is the fan-in of a logic gate

Answer 26

The number of gate inputs

Question 27

What is the fan-out of a gate?

Answer 27

The amount of gates that it drives, also called load

Question 28

Drivers are constructed using what logic gates and for what purpose?

Answer 28

Two CMOS inverters with high W in order to increase current flow

Question 29

Shannon's expansion theorem does what?

Answer 29

Expands a boolean function in terms of one variable

Question 30

Sequential logic circuits depend on what?

Answer 30

Both current state and past state inputs

Question 31

A D latch ties the data input to what

Answer 31

The set and reset

Question 32

Under what condition does a JK FF behave like a T FF

Answer 32

J=K=1

Question 33

What is the difference between a Moore and a Mealy machine

Answer 33

Moore depends only on states, Mealy depends on states and primary inputs

Question 34

When states are assigned to binary sequences where only one bit is one that is the process of what?

Answer 34

one-hot encoding

Question 35

Which type of state machine reacts quicker?

Answer 35

Mealy Machines

Question 36

What are the main parts of a digital system?

Answer 36

Datapath Circuit, Control Circuit, Memory, Bus, I/O ports

Question 37

What two numbers are associated with a memory cell?

Answer 37

Content (stored data) and Capacity/Density (size of the memory)

Question 38

What is the difference between RAM and ROM

Answer 38

Random access memory both reads and writes, read only memory contains permanent binary information

Question 39

What is volatile memory?

Answer 39

Memory that only works as long as it's powered

Question 40

What is the difference between SRAM and RAM

Answer 40

SRAM will keep data permanently without needing to be refreshed, but needs to be powered.

Question 41

What is the difference between ASIC using standard cells and gate arrays?

Answer 41

Standard cells store operations in a library, not on chip, and are connected during fabrication. Gate arrays are connected after fabrication.

Question 42

PLA and PAL differ how?

Answer 42

PLA has a programmable AND plane, PAL has a programmable AND and OR plane