Final Review

Question 1

characteristics of individuals employed in our firms

Answer 1

Diversity

Question 2

group of people who hold most of the decision-making, power, control of resources and information, and access to rewards

Answer 2

Majority group

Question 3

group of people who are assigned to work in positions that do not involve power, resources, acceptance, or social status

Answer 3

Minority group

Question 4

What two groups from the social system of an organization?

Answer 4

Majority and minority groups

Question 5

advantages of a diverse workforce

Answer 5

• ability to gain and keep market share
• cost savings
• increased productivity
• better quality managers
• more resilient workforce

Question 6

statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.

Answer 6

Demographics

Question 7

demographic trends in the US

Answer 7

• population is growing more slowly
• workforce is getting older
• more women in the workforce

Question 8

belief one’s group, culture, country, and customs are far superior to those of other groups

Answer 8

Ethnocentrism

Question 9

a preconceived negative judgment, opinion, or assumption about an issue, behavior, or group of people

Answer 9

Prejudice

Question 10

positive or negative assessment of members of a group or their perceived attribute

Answer 10

Stereotype

Question 11

act of treating an issue, person, or behavior unjustly or inequitably on the basis of prejudice or stereotype

Answer 11

Discrimination

Question 12

being one of few members of your group in the organization

Answer 12

Tokenism

Question 13

discrimination against the majority group to help the underrepresented in the organization

Answer 13

Reverse discrimination

Question 14

eliminate barriers and increase opportunities for disadvantaged individuals

Answer 14

Affirmative action

Question 15

differences are acknowledged, accepted, and seen as a significant contributor to the entirety

Answer 15

Pluralism

Question 16

training designed to change employee attitudes about diversity and/or develop skills needed to work with a diverse workforce

Answer 16

Diversity training

Question 17

the obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you

Answer 17

Responsibility

Question 18

A summary of the objectives of the job, the type of work, the responsibilities and duties, working conditions and relationship to other jobs

Answer 18

Job description

Question 19

right to perform or command

Answer 19

Authority

Question 20

employee’s liability to perform

Answer 20

Accountability

Question 21

delegation (3 steps)

Answer 21

1. assign specific duties to the individual
2. grant authority to the individual
3. create obligation

Question 22

maximum amount of authority delegated to subordinates

Answer 22

Decentralization

Question 23

4 steps of human resources management

Answer 23

1. recruitment
2. selection
3. training
4. performance appraisal

Question 24

attracting and screening the supply of prospective human resources available to fill a position

Answer 24

Recruitment

Question 25

choosing an individual to hire from all who have been recruited

Answer 25

Selection progress

Question 26

developing qualities in human resources to enable them to be more productive

Answer 26

Training

Question 27

review employee past productive activities to evaluate contributions they have made toward attaining objectives

Answer 27

Performance Appraisal

Question 28

the process of determining who will follow whom in various organizational positions

Answer 28

Succession planning

Question 29

what laws does the EEOC enforce

Answer 29

all the anti-discrimination statutes

Question 30

eliminates barriers and increases opportunities to increase utilization of disadvantaged individuals

Answer 30

Affirmative action

Question 31

process involves modifying an existing organization to increase organizational effectiveness

Answer 31

fundamentals of changing an organization

Question 32

what is the relationship between stability and adaptation?

Answer 32

high stability and medium adaptation leads to high survival probability

Question 33

what is the most important factor when changing an organization?

Answer 33

Change agent

Question 34

change classifications (3)

Answer 34

1. people 2. structural 3. technological

Question 35

effort that focuses on improving an organizations capability

Answer 35

Organizational Development

Question 36

ways to reduce resistance to change

Answer 36

- avoid surprises - promote understanding - set the stage for change - make the change tentative

Question 37

the general desire or willingness of someone to do something

Answer 37

Motivation

Question 38

why is it important that managers are able to motivate their teams?

Answer 38

it influences the behaviors of organization members and is the key in reaching organizational objectives

Question 39

focuses on steps occurring when an individual is motivated

Answer 39

Process theory

Question 40

Focus on understanding what needs individuals have and how to satisfy them

Answer 40

Content theory

Question 41

vroom expectancy theory of motivation

Answer 41

- an individual's desire to perform a behavior (motivation strength) - expectancy, valance, and instrumentality

Question 42

effort will result in performance

Answer 42

Expectancy

Question 43

performance will result in reward

Answer 43

Instrumentality

Question 44

reward is valued

Answer 44

Valence

Question 45

when individuals believe they have been treated unfairly in comparison to other coworkers they react in a way to try to fight the inequity

Answer 45

equity theory of motivation

Question 46

states that three needs - achievement, affiliation, and power - are major motives determining people's behavior in the workplace

Answer 46

McClelland's acquired needs theory

Question 47

guiding the activities of organization members in appropriate directions

Answer 47

Influencing

Question 48

largest contributor to an effective oral communication

Answer 48

Facial expressions

Question 49

set of values organization members share regarding functioning and existence of organization

Answer 49

organizational culture

Question 50

what makes up a culture?

Answer 50

Values and norms

Question 51

shared values and goals - cohesion

Answer 51

Clan culture

Question 52

flexibility and discretion with an external focus

Answer 52

Adhocracy culture

Question 53

formal and structured - internal focus

Answer 53

Hierarchy culture

Question 54

Market culture

Answer 54

stability and control - emphasizes relationships

Question 55

the process of directing behavior of others toward the accomplishment of an objective

Answer 55

Leadership

Question 56

assumed leaders are born and not made and described leader based on a set of characteristics

Answer 56

Trait theory of leadership

Question 57

leadership is learned through structure and consideration factors

Answer 57

Behavior theory of leadership

Question 58

each instance of leadership is different and requires a unique combination of leaders, followers, and leadership situations

Answer 58

Situational approach to leadership

Question 59

manager's leadership style is only effective if its is appropriate for the maturity level of the followers

Answer 59

Life cycle theory of leadership

Question 60

managers can facilitate job performance by showing employees how their performance affects receiving desired results

Answer 60

path-goal theory of leadership

Question 61

focuses on increased service to others rather than to oneself

Answer 61

Servant leadership

Question 62

blends personal humility with an intense will to build long-range organizational success

Answer 62

Level 5 leadership

Question 63

ensuring an event occurs as it was planned to occur

Answer 63

Controlling

Question 64

steps in the controlling process

Answer 64

- measuring process - comparing measured performance with standard - taking corrective action

Question 65

extent to which an individual is able to influence others

Answer 65

Power

Question 66

derived from a given position in the organization

Answer 66

positional power

Question 67

derived from the manager's relationship with others

Answer 67

Personal power

Question 68

details about project/set of conclusions derived from data analysis

Answer 68

Information

Question 69

ensure that specific task are carried out effectively and efficiently

Answer 69

Operational control decisions

Question 70

relate to obtaining and using resources to reach objectives

Answer 70

Management control decisions

Question 71

relate to determining organizational objectives and actions to achieve those objectives

Answer 71

Strategic planning decisions

Question 72

transformation of resources into products

Answer 72

Production

Question 73

relationship between the number of units produced and the number of human and other production inputs necessary to produce them

Answer 73

Productivity

Question 74

how well a product does what it is intended to do

Answer 74

Quality

Question 75

planning system for reducing inventory by having frequent deliveries planned just in time for the delivered products to be assembled into the final product

Answer 75

just-in-time (JIT) inventory control