Final Rev

Question 1

evaporates

Question 2

gypsum - anhydrite

Answer 2

gypsum alters to anhydrite by dehydration

Question 3

3 types of gypsum

Answer 3

nodular “network mesh of gypsum that grew in a muddy matrix” “chickenwire texture” (at surface)

massive “lacks internal structure”

laminated “alternating gypsum and clay/silt/mud” (seasonal)

Question 4

halite

Answer 4

shallow water evaporite mineral

Question 5

sucession of evaporite minerals

Answer 5

remaining seawater:
50% - carbonate
20% gypsum
10% halite
5% Mg and K salts

Question 6

chert

Answer 6

silica rocks that form from precipitation
biology is important for the formation of chert

Question 7

chert textures

Answer 7

granular microquartz
chalcedony
megaquartz

Question 8

3 critters that make chert

Answer 8

diatoms
radiolarans
siliceous sponge spicules

Question 9

2 basic types of chert

Answer 9

bedded (layers of pure chert, biological)
nodular (irregular, diagenetic)

Question 10

varieties of chert

Answer 10

flint, jasper, novaculite, porcelanite, siliceous sinter

Question 11

iron bearing rocks

Answer 11

> 15% iron
SiO2 40%
Fe 30%
-old
2 types: iron formation, ironstone

Question 12

ironstone

Answer 12

nonbanded, commonly oolitic, non cherty

Question 13

iron formation

Answer 13

well banded, interbanded, resemble limestone, cherty

Question 14

phosphorite (def)

Answer 14

> 15% phosphorous
resemble limestone texture
phosphatization replaces skelatal and other carbonate grains on shallow subsurface

Question 15

phosphorites (types)

Answer 15

nodular (authigenisis or diagenisis)
bioclastic (accumulation and burial of organic debris)
pebble bed
guano (bird poop)

Question 16

humus

Answer 16

decay of plants

Question 17

peat

Answer 17

precursor of coal

Question 18

sapropel

Answer 18

fine organic material in lakes, lagoons, marine basins (e.g phytoplankton, spores, zooplankton)

Question 19

coals

Answer 19

-carbonaceous compacted plant remains
-readily combustible

Question 20

rank of coals

Answer 20

lignite
subbituminous
bitumionous
anthracite

Question 21

classification for carbonaceous rocks

Question 22

Catagenesis

Answer 22

Process by which kerogen heated to form petroleum >1000m,50-1206

Question 23

Kerogen

Answer 23

Precursor to petroleum between sapropel and petroleum

Question 24

Bitumen

Answer 24

Hydrocarbons in a semi or solid state eig tax

Question 25

Req- for carbonate formation

Answer 25

1. Lack ov low siliciclastic input
2. Warm tropical or subtropical
3. Light