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KDH: Principles Final- JV > Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Part 1 > Flashcards

Final- Regional Neuroanatomy Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A positional word that means near the front end of the body, especially in the region of the nose and mouth
A. caudal
B. rostral
C. caudad
D. cephalad

A

B. Rostral

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2
Q

A positional word that means at or near the tail or the posterior part of the body
A. cephalad
B. rostral
C. caudad
D. distal

A

C. Caudal/Caudad

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3
Q

A word used to refer to something superior and anterior of the body:
A. caudad
B. proximal
C. caudal
D. cephalad

A

D. cephalad

similar to rostral

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4
Q

Describe the anatomical position: select 3.
A. palms out to the posterior plane
B. standing straight up
C. palms out to the anterior plane
D. supine
E. thumbs extend laterally
F. thumbs folded distally

A

B. Standing up straight and face forward!
C. Palms out on the anterior plane
E. Thumbs extend laterally

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5
Q

A word that describes something sensory in the periphery; something that might feel pain.
A. efferent
B. rami
C. cutaneous
D. distal

A

C. Cutaneous

The other conduction in the peripheral system will be motor.

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6
Q

What describes bundles of neurons and axons outside the CNS vs inside the CNS?
A. rami; roots
B. nerves; tracts
C. tracts; nerves
D. rootlets; roots

A

B. outside CNS = Nerves
inside CNS = tracts

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7
Q

T/F: Ganglia is a collection of cell bodies within CNS.

A

False - gangia are Bundles of cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system

nuclei are the bundles of cell bodies within the CNS

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8
Q

___ come out of cord and come together to make a root.
A. ganglia
B. nerves
C. rootlets
D. rami

A

C. Rootlets

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9
Q

Where is the spinal ganglion located?
A. within the posterior root
B. within the anterior root
C. within the grey matter
D. within the trunks

A

A. Within the posterior root

spinal ganglia are technically considered part of CNS even tho “ganglia” is in the name

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10
Q

The junction of the posterior root and anterior root is called the ____.
A. spinal ganglion
B. spinal ramus
C. spinal roots
D. spinal nerve

A

D. spinal nerve
* This point will be the start of the Peripheral Nervous System

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11
Q

The anterior of the spinal cord will be connected to the ____ system.
A. afferent
B. sensory
C. motor

A

C. Motor (Efferent)

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12
Q

The posterior of the spinal cord will be connected to the ____ system.
A. efferent
B. sensory
C. motor

A

B. Sensory (Afferent)

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13
Q

The first projection off of the spinal nerve is called:
A. anterior ramus
B. posterior ramus
C. posterior root
D. anterior root

A

B. Posterior Ramus - primarily serves as a sensory component

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14
Q

The part of the spinal nerve that projects anterior and lateral (and is larger than the other) is called:
A. anterior ramus
B. posterior ramus
C. anterior root
D. posterior root

A

A. Anterior Ramus - serves as a motor output, sensory input, and branch of the autonomic nervous system.

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15
Q

How does the Anterior Ramus connect to the sympathetic chain ganglion? select 2.
A. white ramus communicans
B. white matter
C. gray ramus communicans
D. gray matter

A

A. White Ramus Communicans (distal)
C. Gray Ramus Communicans (proximal)

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16
Q

What is important to note about the sacral spinal nerve projections?
A. anterior rami go out the anterior sacral foramen while posterior rami protrude out the posterior sacral foramen
B. anterior rami go out the posterior sacral foramen while posterior rami protrude out the anterior sacral foramen
C. anterior rami are smaller than posterior rami in this area
D. posterior rami are larger

A

A. anterior rami go out the anterior sacral foramen while posterior rami protrude out the posterior sacral foramen

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17
Q

Explain why the left sympathetic chain is more posterior and lateral on the spinal column than the right.

A

Aorta sits on the left side of vertebral body which pushes left sympathetic chain ganglia more posteriorly and laterally during development.

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18
Q

What are the 2 branches of the posterior ramus?

A
  • Medial branch of the Posterior Rami
  • Lateral branch of the Posterior Rami

don’t extend as far out as the anterior ramus

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19
Q

The anterior ramus wraps all the way around body to the sternum. What are the 2 branches of the anterior ramus?

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch - at the front midline of chest
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch - at the sides and extends anteriorly & posteriorly to parts that the posterior ramus doesn’t reach
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20
Q

What is another name for the anterior ramus?

A

Intercostal nerve

The intercostal nerve usually sits inferior its corresponding rib cage.

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21
Q

The nerves that come out below the last ribs/lower than the ribcage are called:
A. posterior rami
B. subcostal nerves
C. intercostal nerves
D. anterior cutaneous branches

A

B. subcostal nerves

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22
Q

Spinal nerve C8 exits from ___ (above/below) vertebrae C7.

A
  • Below
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23
Q

Spinal nerve C1 through C7 exit from _______ (above/below) its corresponding cervical vertebrae.

A
  • Above
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24
Q

The thoracic spinal nerves T1 to T12 exit from ______- (above/below) the corresponding thoracic vertebrae.

A
  • Below
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25
Q

The spinal nerves L1 to L5 exit from ______- (above/below) the corresponding lumbar vertebrae.

A
  • Below
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26
Q

Spinal Nerve Pairs:
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccygeal

A
  • 8 pairs of Cervical Spinal Nerves
  • 12 pairs of Thoracic Spinal Nerves
  • 5 pairs of Lumbar Spinal Nerves
  • 5 pairs of Sacral Spinal Nerves
  • 1 pair of Coccygeal Spinal Nerves
  • 31 pairs total
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27
Q

Where do the cervical spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?

A
  • Most of the head and upper extremities
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28
Q

Where do the thoracic spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?

A
  • Portion of the upper extremity
  • Large portion of the torso
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29
Q

Where do the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves provide sensory innervation to?

A
  • Lower extremity
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30
Q

Label 1

A
  • Posterior Rootlets
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31
Q

Label 2

A
  • Posterior Root (with spinal ganglion)
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32
Q

Label 3

A
  • Spinal Nerve
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33
Q

Label 4

A
  • Posterior Ramus
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34
Q

Label 5

A
  • Anterior Ramus
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35
Q

Label 6

A
  • Gray Ramus Communicans
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36
Q

Label 7

A
  • White Ramus Communicans
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37
Q

Label 8

A
  • Sympathetic ganglion
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38
Q

Label 9

A
  • Meningeal branch
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39
Q

Label 10

A
  • Anterior Root
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40
Q

Label 11

A
  • Anterior Rootlets
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41
Q

Label 2

A
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch
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42
Q

Label 3

A

Anterior Ramus

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43
Q

Label 4

A
  • Meningeal Branch
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44
Q

Label 5

A
  • Medial Branch
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45
Q

Label 6

A
  • Lateral Branch
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46
Q

Label 7

A
  • Posterior Ramus
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47
Q

Label 1

A
  • Posterior Ramus
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48
Q

Label 2

A
  • Anterior Ramus (Intercostal Nerve)
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49
Q

Label 3

A
  • Lateral Cutaneous Branch
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50
Q

Label 4

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch
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51
Q

Label 1

A
  • Medial branch
52
Q

Label 2

A
  • Lateral cutaneous branch
53
Q

Label 3

A
  • Superior clunial nerve
54
Q

Label 4

A
  • Middle clunial nerve
55
Q

Label 5

A
  • Supraclavicular nerve
56
Q

Label 6

A
  • Axillary nerve
57
Q

Label 7

A
  • Intercostal nerve (lateral cutaneous branch)
58
Q

Label 8

A
  • Iliohypogastric nerve
59
Q

What dermatome landmark will be T4?

A
  • Nipple Line
60
Q

What dermatome landmark will be T6?

A
  • Xiphoid Process
61
Q

What dermatome landmark will be T10?

62
Q

The anterior roots of C3, C4, and C5 combine and form the ______ nerve.

A
  • Phrenic Nerve
63
Q

Spinal Nerves C3, C4, C5 will run under what cervical vertebrae?

A
  • Vertebrae C2, C3, and C4
64
Q

The occipital nerves are named based on what factors?

A
  • Size and Position

For example, the Greater Occipital Nerve is very large, and it covers a large portion of the back of the head.

65
Q

The Greater Occipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C2
66
Q

The 3rd Occipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C3
67
Q

What nerve will provide sensory innervation to the top of the shoulder?

A
  • Supraclavicular Nerve
68
Q

The Suboccipital Nerve originates from what spinal nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C1
69
Q

Where does the suboccipital nerve provide sensory innervation to?

A
  • It doesn’t. It is PURELY MOTOR.
  • This nerve (C1) is not part of the cutaneous innervation.
  • No dermatome for C1
70
Q

Label 1

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve
71
Q

Label 2

A
  • Suboccipital nerve (C1)
72
Q

Label 3

A
  • Great auricular nerve
73
Q

Label 4

A
  • Greater occipital nerve (C2)
74
Q

Label 5

A
  • 3rd Occipital Nerve
75
Q

Label 6

A
  • Supraclavicular Nerve
76
Q

Label 7

A
  • C5 Spinal Nerve of the Posterior Ramus
77
Q

Label 1

A
  • 3rd occipital nerve
78
Q

Label 2

A
  • Greater occipital nerve
79
Q

Label 3

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve
80
Q

Label 4

A
  • Great auricular nerve
81
Q

The trapezius muscle is used as an accessory for ventilation. It receives input from what nerve?

A
  • Accessory Nerve
82
Q

What are the accessory muscles of exhalation?

A
  • Abdominal Muscles
  • External Oblique
  • Internal Oblique
83
Q

Label 1

A
  • Supraclavicular Nerve
84
Q

Label 2

A
  • Anterior cutaneous branch
85
Q

Label 3

A
  • Lateral cutaneous branch
86
Q

Label 4

A
  • Intercostal nerve / anterior ramus
87
Q

Label 5

A
  • Iliohypogastric Nerve
88
Q

The dorsal part of the spinal cord is routed through the __________.

A
  • Posterior Ramus
89
Q

Posterior Ramus C1
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:

A

Posterior Ramus C1
Nerve: Suboccipital Nerve
Sensory Function: No C1 dermatome
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles

90
Q

Posterior Ramus C2
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:

A

Posterior Ramus C2
Nerve: Greater occipital nerve
Sensory Function: Innervate C2 dermatome
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles

91
Q

Posterior Ramus C3
Nerve:
Sensory Function:
Motor Function:

A

Posterior Ramus C3
Nerve: 3rd occipital nerve
Sensory Function: Innervate C3 dermatome
Motor Function: Innervates Intrinsic Nuchal Muscles

92
Q

What are the four nerves of the cervical plexus?

A
  • Lesser occipital nerve (C2)
  • Great auricular nerve (C2,C3)
  • Transverse cervical nerve (C2,C3)
  • Supraclavicular nerve (C3,C4)

A cervical plexus is a collection of nerves.

These four nerves can arise from the anterior ramus of spinal nerve C2, C3, or C4.

93
Q

Where is the origin of the supraclavicular nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C3 and C4
94
Q

Where does the transverse cervical nerve provide sensory information?

A
  • Anterior and medial part of the neck
95
Q

Where is the origin of the transverse cervical nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C2 and C3
96
Q

Where is the origin of the great auricular nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C2 and C3
97
Q

Where is the origin of the lesser occipital nerve?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C2
98
Q

Where does the lesser occipital nerve provide sensory information?

A
  • lateral neck to right above the earlobe
99
Q

Label the nerves of the cervical plexus 1-4.

A
  • 1: Lesser occipital nerve
  • 2: Great auricular nerve
  • 3: Transverse cervical nerve
  • 4: Supraclavicular nerve
100
Q

Label the nerve that best corresponds with 1-4.

A
  • 1: Transverse cervical nerve
  • 2: Lesser occipital nerve
  • 3: Great auricular nerve
  • 4 : Supraclavicular nerve
101
Q

What neck muscle does the phrenic nerve sit on?

A
  • Anterior Scalene Muscle
102
Q

Where are the two proximal connection points of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A
  • Connection point on at the sternum
  • Connection point on the clavicle
103
Q

What are the spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus?

A
  • Spinal Nerve C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1
  • Anterior Rami of the Spinal Nerves
104
Q

What is the potential space between the anterior and middle scalene muscle called?

Why is this potential space important?

A
  • Interscalene space
  • This space can be utilized to perform a scalene brachial plexus block
105
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Upper: Rami C5 and C6
  • Middle: Rami C7
  • Lower: Rami C8 and T1
106
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • 6 Divisions, each trunk forms one anterior and one posterior division.
  • 3 Posterior Division form the Posterior Cord
  • 2 Anterior Division from C5 to C7 form the Lateral Cord
  • 1 Anterior Division from C8 and T1 form Medial Cord
107
Q

What components are in the supraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Anterior Rami (C5-T1)
  • The Trunks (Upper, Middle, Lower)
  • The Divisions (6 divisions)
108
Q

What components are in the infraclavicular regions of the brachial plexus?

A
  • Lateral Cord
  • Posterior Cord
  • Medial Cord
109
Q

The posterior cord splits to give us what two nerves?

A
  • Axillary nerve
  • Radial nerve
110
Q

The lateral cord splits to give us what two nerves?

A
  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Lateral Root (a portion of the median nerve)
111
Q

The lateral root will combine with the median root to form what nerve?

A
  • Median Nerve
112
Q

The medial cord splits to give us what two nerves?

A
  • Ulnar Nerve
  • Median Root (a portion of the median nerve)
113
Q

What two nerves does the median nerve sit between?

A
  • Ulnar Nerve
  • Radial Nerve
114
Q

The axillary nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?

115
Q

The radial nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?

A
  • C5
  • C6
  • C7
  • C8
  • T1
116
Q

The ulnar nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?

117
Q

The median nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?

A
  • C6
  • C7
  • C8
  • T1
118
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve has what cervical spinal nerve origins?

119
Q

What sensory branch is innervated by the axillary nerve?

A
  • Superior lateral brachial cutaneous (lateral deltoid)
120
Q

What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the radial nerve innervates?

A
  • Lateral Superior Thumb
  • Lateral Anterior Biceps/Triceps
121
Q

What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the radial nerve innervates?

A
  • Lateral Posterior Triceps
  • Middle Posterior Forearm
  • Posterior Thumb and First 2 Fingers
122
Q

What sensory branch is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (anterior lateral forearm)
  • Very small posterior of the posterior forearm
123
Q

What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the ulnar nerve innervates?

A
  • Medial palmer surface of last two fingers
  • Anterior medial wrist
124
Q

What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the ulnar nerve innervates?

A
  • Medial Posterior Wrist
  • Most of the last 2 Fingers
125
Q

What are the posterior cutaneous regions that the median nerve innervates?

A
  • Posterior fingertips of first two digits
  • Proper palmar digital nerves
126
Q

What are the anterior cutaneous regions that the median nerve innervates?

A
  • Most of the palm
  • Anterior thumb
  • Anterior surface of first two fingers
  • Small section of the anterior wrist
  • Palmar branch of the median nerve
  • Common and proper palmar digital nerve
127
Q

Label 1

A
  • Anterior Cutaneous Branch

KDH: Principles Final- JV (27 decks)

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