FINAL QUOTES MEMORISEEEEEEEE

Question 1

Topic 1
John Reed on the difference of the Bolsheviks

Answer 1

the only people in Russia who had a definite program of action while the others talked for eight long months

Question 2

Topic 1
Tom Ryan Constituent Assembly

Answer 2

The drift towards authoritarian rule was shown by the fate of the Constituent Assembly

Question 3

Topic 1
Richard Pipes on violence

Answer 3

The machine gun became for them the principle instrument of political persuasion

Question 4

Topic 1
Orlando Figes on the peasants

Answer 4

a distant thing in the city

Question 5

Topic 1
Lenin on towns v rural

Answer 5

The town cannot be equal to the country…the town inevitably leads the country

Question 6

Topic 1
Sheila Fitzpatrick on Treaty of Brest Litovsk

Answer 6

a calculated decision by the Bolsheviks to secure their hold on power and prioritize the interests of the socialist revolution over those of the nation

Question 7

Topic 2
Alan Taylor on international revolution

Answer 7

After the treaty of Riga, Soviet Russia retreated…Avowedly and almost unconsciously, the Soviet leaders abandoned the cause of international revolution.

Question 8

Topic 2
Bolshevik ideology after Soviet-Polish war

Answer 8

“Socialism in one country”

Question 9

Topic 2
Boris Ponomarev

Answer 9

Soviet Russia found herself in a ring of fire

Question 10

Topic 3
Commissar of Justice Nikolai Krylenko

Answer 10

Execution of the innocent will impress the masses even more

Question 11

Topic 3
Decree on Red Terror

Answer 11

anyone involved in white guard organisations, conspiracies and rebellions

Question 12

Topic 3
Robert Service on Terror

Answer 12

Lenin, Trotsky and Dzerzhinsky believed that over-killing was better than running the risk of being overthrown.

Question 13

Topic 3
Richard Pipes on Terror

Answer 13

the ‘Red Terror’ was not a reluctant response to the actions of others but a…measure designed to nip in the bud any thoughts of resistance to the dictatorship

Question 14

Topic 3
Adcock on murder of the imperial family

Answer 14

The murder of the Tsar and imperial family was also more an act of Terror than a security measure

Question 15

Topic 3
Orlando Figes on Terror

Answer 15

the Reds were not to blame for the ‘extraordinary measures’…they had to act decisively and quickly to defend their revolution against counter-revolutionaries

Question 16

Topic 3
Alec Nove on Terror situation

Answer 16

were operating in an abnormal and desperate situation

Question 17

Topic 4
Richard Malone on War Communism

Answer 17

the forced confiscation of manpower to either the Red Army or to industry and the forced confiscation of grain and food were at the heart of war communism

Question 18

Topic 4
Orlando Figes on famine

Answer 18

The single biggest killer of these years

Question 19

Topic 5
Martin McCauley on NEP

Answer 19

If War Communism was a leap into socialism then the NEP was a leap out of socialism

Question 20

Topic 5
Christopher Hill on NEP

Answer 20

a Brest Litovsk on the economic front

Question 21

Topic 5
Adcock on NEP

Answer 21

a comfortable balance between state-run big business and privately-owned small enterprise

Question 22

Topic 5
Lenin on NEP situation

Answer 22

What is needed now is an economic breathing spell

Question 23

Topic 5
Alexandra Kollontai at Tenth Party Congress

Answer 23

bureaucracy is our enemy, our scourge, and the greatest danger to the future existence of the Communist Party itself

Question 24

Topic 5
Richard Malone on Kronstadt Revolt

Answer 24

The core crisis of Kronstadt was ideological rather than military

Question 25

Topic 5
Sheila Fitzpatrick on Kronstadt Revolt

Answer 25

The Kronstadt revolts seemed a symbolic parting of the ways between the working class and the Bolshevik Party

Question 26

Topic 5
Lenin on Kronstadt Revolt significance

Answer 26

This was the flash which lit up reality better than anything else

Question 27

Change and Continuity
Orlando Figes

Answer 27

By 1921…the revolution had come full circle, and a new autocracy had been imposed on Russia which in many ways resembled the old one.

Question 28

Change and Continuity
Richard Pipes

Answer 28

Judged in terms of its own aspirations, the Communist regime was a monumental failure; it succeeded in one thing only - staying in power.