Final Quiz

Question 1

What is the major point of the Hansen et al article published earlier this
Year.

Answer 1

2 Degree Celsius increase could be dangerous

Question 2

Describe the source of the spiral waves formed by clouds when viewed from space.

Answer 2

The rotation of the earth and the fact that cool air sinks near the poles and rises near the equator (rotating tank video).

Question 3

What causes the bands of vegetation on earth (i.e., rain forest,desert, northern forest)

Answer 3

Hadley cell and wind patterns (???)

Low pressure winds at the equator

Question 4

How do hurricanes form?

Answer 4

Warm ocean water makes humid air and clouds, winds coming together force air upwards, winds flow outward above the store allowing air below to rise, humid air rising makes clouds of the storm, light wind outside the hurricane steer it and let it grow (air sinks in the eye)

Question 5

Explain the underlying logic of the global models of the climate as used by scientist in the IPCC.

Answer 5

Each square on the grid is modeled as an individual isolated climate, taking into account solar radiation, land type, CO2, etc. Thus, more squares make the model more accurate.

Question 6

What are the basic differences between the FAR, SAR, TAR, and AR4 models of the climate?

Answer 6

They increase in accuracy in this order: FAR, SAR, TAR and AR4.
FAR: swamp ocean
SAR: volcanic activity, sulfates
TAR: carbon cycle, aerosols, rivers, overturning circulation
AR4: interactive vegetation, chemistry

Question 7

What happened in the past (and may happen in the future) with respect to the methane hydrate that is frozen in the ocean?

Answer 7

If warming is significant, methane hydrates in the ocean can break down. They release methane which is then converted into CO2 by microorganisms and could contribute to global warming.

Question 8

Discuss the importance of Jim Inhofe’s chair of the environment and public works committee.

Answer 8

Doesn’t believe in global warming, thinks that everything works through god and we shouldn’t change his plans

Question 9

Who is Myron Ebell and what is his position on climate change?

Answer 9

Directs environmental and energy policy at the Competitive Enterprise Institute.
One of seven individuals wanted for destroying our future
Contrarian to Global Climate Change
Joining the Paris treaty is unconstitutional

Question 10

What is the Competitive Enterprise Institute and where does its funding come from?

Answer 10

CEI promotes environmental policies based on limited government regulation and property rights and rejects what they call “global warming alarmism.”
All funders are oil, aluminum, and banking companies

Question 11

Discuss the public acknowledgment of Frank Luntz about the role of science in public policy.

Answer 11

Republican Strategist
Need to fight science with doubt because if the public believes that the scientific data is exact then they will vote accordingly so you must give them reason to doubt.

Question 12

Discuss the way in which American tobacco companies informed the public about the
relationship between cancer and smoking.

Answer 12

Created a committee to publicize the information in a way that creates doubt.

Question 13

What was Star Wars (SDI) and how it was related to denialism about climate change.

Answer 13

Way to combat Russian missiles by shooting them down.

A few scientists can create a debate when there shouldn’t be.

Question 14

What was the George C Marshall Institute and what did it have to do with SDI and later climate change?

Answer 14

Think tank in DC established in 1984. Composed of Seitz, Jastrow and Nierenburg.
Defended the SDI and tobacco industry and fought against environmental
extremism.

Question 15

Discuss the interplay between “environmental extremism” and “free market fundamentalism.”

Answer 15

Environmental extremism challenges free market fundamentalism.

Question 16

Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Answer 16

Aerobic - An efficient method of producing cellular energy in which oxygen is used:

Anaerobic - An inefficient method of producing cellular energy in which oxygen is not used:

** anaerobic produces methane and co2

Question 17

methagogens

Answer 17

anaerobic, produce methane from CO2 and hydrogen

Question 18

What are “voids” in the soil and what happens in them?

Answer 18

Pockets of air in the soil. Allows oxygen into the soil and helps with amount of methane/greenhouse gases being emitted.

Question 19

Explain how root respiration in paddy rice production works?

Answer 19

Methane breaks down into CO2, plants take in the oxygen and release methane.

Question 20

What did Chinese farmers do in the 1980s that reduced methane production?

Answer 20

The farmers would drain their rice paddy fields in the middle of the growing season so that the methane would not be able to grow under the water as much during the entire growing season. This, in turn, would help reduce the amount of methane produced, increase rice yields, and save water.

Question 21

What is produced in cow belches and why?

Answer 21

Rumen in the cow’s stomach breaks down its food, but produces hydrogen and carbon dioxide as well in the process. Then, methanogens combine the hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane, which the cows will belch out of their mouths.

Question 22

What has been the history of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon and why does it
matter for climate change?

Answer 22

Increased for a long time but then it began to decrease however a new political party recently took over who intends to revert back to deforestation. Much carbon is stored in the amazon rain forest and also the less trees means less CO2 conversion to O2.

Question 23

Where is all the carbon in the soil located?

Answer 23

The roots!!! And micro organisms.

Question 24

What are the relative efficiencies of different modes of food transport (barges,
airplanes, trucks, trains)?

Answer 24

Boat —> Trains —> Trucks —> Planes

Planes suck asshole at transporting food. Will be banned soon! Boats rock!

Question 25

Review the theory of Thomas Hobbes about Leviathon, and relate it to
the idea of political power.

Answer 25

Political Power - Organized power of one class for oppressing the other.
Argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign (king/dictator)

Question 26

How do the principles of the French Revolution contrast with Hobbsian
ideas of political power?

Answer 26

Opposite, wanted to have people governing

Question 27

What was the Somerset case of 1772 and what was its significance.

Answer 27

Slavery was illegal in England (kind of)

Somerset was taken to colonies as a slave

Question 28

consequences of french revolution

Answer 28

abolition
women’s rights
sovereignty of the people

Question 29

olympes de gouges

Answer 29

declaration of women

Question 30

tousaint loverture

Answer 30

Leader of the Haitian Revolution, helped the Haitian people create a revolutionary movement. Created a divide with France and Haiti, and helped create Haiti’s first constitution. “Turned Haiti into the first free colonial society to have explicitly rejected race as the basis of social ranking.”

Question 31

Discuss the role of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in the Spanish Civil War.

Answer 31

WWII- Beginnings in Spain with resistance to Fascism
Principled resistance is always the victor
Trade union relief for Spain

Question 32

What was the Port Huron statement and how did it relate to protests
against the Vietnam war?

Answer 32

The Essay that Launched the Revolution of the 1960s written by Tom Hayden, a u of m student
Sparked Civil Rights Movement which is still (ongoing)
Relates to the War in Vietnam because we were protesting it at Universities.

Question 33

Who was Paulo Freire and what was his main book about?

Answer 33

Brazilian philosopher.

Only the oppressed can stop themselves from being oppressed.

Question 34

According to the United Nations “action” plan, what categories of people need to be
involved in the fight to curb climate change?

Answer 34

People must eat a balanced diet, must not over-consume when eating, and do not throw away uneaten food.

Question 35

What is Doreen Massey’s framework for understanding how language affects our
perceptions of ourselves.

Answer 35

Using capitalistic terms (business, consumers, produces) belittles our lives and interrupts our relationships.

Question 36

Compare the language framework of the post French Revolutionary Enlightenment to
the Neoliberal age.

Answer 36

Enlightenment: independent thinkers, citizens with rights to decides, creating political change
Neoliberal people: Government authority, producer, consumer, business person

Question 37

According to Annie Leonard’s analysis, what sorts of actions are required of us?

Answer 37

We need to all to “change the game” (i.e. eliminating packaging v recycling)
Share shit, like do we all need our own tools? Idk im a dipshit

Question 38

Describe the contributions of George Washington Carver to the alternative agriculture Movement.

Answer 38

brought science to small farming communities

Question 39

What was the result of Albert Howard’s trip to India to teach Indian farmers how to
Farm?

Answer 39

He realized that they already knew how to farm and that it was better than the european ideas.

Question 40

What are the 8 principles of a sustainable agriculture, according to Albert Howard’s
“An agricultural testament”?

Answer 40

Mother earth always raises mixed crops
Great pains are taken to preserve the soil
Vegetable and animal wastes are converted into humus
There is no waste
Processes of growth and decay balance one another
Maintain large reserves of fertility
The greatest care is taken to store the rainfall
Both plants and animals are left to protect themselves against disease.

Question 41

Who were the Diggers and what did they do?

Answer 41

Protestant radicals in england
Fought for land to be shared because everyone is equal and should have equal opportunity with the land.
Early environmentalists
Challenging power in the agricultural sector
Didn’t use force, thought they could benefit all by taking back land

Question 42

What was Rachel Carson’s contribution (according to lecture) to the alternative
agriculture movement (not from her book “Silent Spring.”)

Answer 42

ecological complexity

sea around us, edge of the sea

Question 43

What is La Via Campesina?

Answer 43

Fights for equal rights and human dignity for all. Specifically, helped with eliminating violence against women and argicultural workers.

Question 44

food sovereignty

Answer 44

right of people to healthy and culturally appropriate food produced sustainably, and their right to create their own agricultural systems

Question 45

Who is Lee Raymond and what is his position on climate change?

Answer 45

CEO of Exxon/ExxonMobile from 1993-2006
Had a style of business similar to John Rockefeller. Exxon under his power considered themselves a country of their own/Did not feel like they had to adhere to the laws and regulations of countries they were stationed in.
Did not care about climate change at all. To help his company prosper, he mainly led the ExxonMobile movement to challenge the science behind Global Climate Change, and suggest that scientists were wrong.

Question 46

Who is Rex Tillerson and what is his position on climate change?

Answer 46

CEO of ExxonMobile from 2006-Present
Believes that Global Warming to some extent has been caused by human activity.
Believe that humans have been spending our entire existence adapting to situations.
Says that Global Warming is an engineering problem, so we as humans will engineer a solution to it.

Question 47

Hubbert’s peak

Answer 47

The thought that accessible (easy) oil has already been found, and that it is now becoming harder to find oil. We are depleting a finite amount of oil/sooner or later we will be running out.
***Exxon claims to have found enough oil to replace 200% of its current resources, which is most likely bullshit.

Question 48

equity oil

Answer 48

oil companies claim to have found, so people invest in it

Question 49

How has the energy industry extended oil?

Answer 49

Kerogen
Fracking
drilling further and further (3 km) for offshore drilling