final Q's - Fall 2013 Flashcards
antigen found on surface of HBV; continued presence indicates carrier state
HBsAg
antibody to HBsAg; provides immunity to hep B
HBsAb
Antigen associated with core HBV
HBcAg
Antibody to HBcAg; positive during window phase. IgM HBcAb is an indicator of recent disease
HBcAb
A second, different antigenic determinant in the HBV core. Important indicator of transmissibility
HBeAg
Antibody to e antigen; indicates low transmissibility
HBeAb
at what degree of an angle should one hold a gua sha tool
hold at a 30 degree angle to the skin, press and scrape from top–>bottom, inside–>outside
gua sha should be the first or last procedure done during a treatment
LAST
what is the frequency of treatment for gua sha
1-2x per month, no more than once a week
sha normally takes how many days to clear
2-6 days ~1 week
all patient records must be retained for how long
at least 6 years or 1 year following one’s 21st birthday
sharing professional fees
another Lac or MD with Cac can hire you and take a percentage. any other professional cannot; you can only rent rooms from them.
clean field
the area that has been prepared to contain the equipment necessary for acupuncture in such a way as to protect the sterility of the needles. By extension, this includes not only the clean surface on which equipment will be placed, but also the patient’s skin around the prepared acupuncture points, and anything that touches the skin.
steril equipment
all instruments that pierce the skin: needles, plum-blossom needles, seven star hammers, lancets and insertion tubes.
resident vs transient infectious agents
transient agents include those that are picked up from one patient and possibly carried to another. Soap is adequate for cleansing the surface of the skin of this type of infectious agent.
resident agents, which lodge deeper in the skin, present additional risk for an immuno-compromised patient and germicidal soup or an alcohol-based hand disinfectant should be used.
how long is the appropriate time to wash hands with soap
20 seconds
alcohol-based hand disinfectant can de-germ hands in how many seconds
less than 30 seconds
what are the two most useful cupping treatments
external invasion of wind cold: common cold, stiff neck, chills, etc
lung disorders: asthma, bronchitis, cough, etc
three types of cups for cupping
glass, plastic, bamboo/wood
what are inappropriate areas to cup
large vessels, thin skin, open wounds
avg cupping duration
3-5 min avg. 10 min max
if skin does not become red after _____ minutes of cupping, this treatment is not appropriate to the problem and will have no effect on the sx
5
the _____ the skin turns red, the stronger the effect will be. the _____ the sha clears, the better the prognosis. slow healing indicates:
quicker, faster, healthy circulation has not yet been restored
advantage of cupping with bleeding
strongly clears heat and moves blood stasis
advantage of sliding cups
covers broader area
advantage to cupping with needling
needling first draws qi and blood to the area and can therefore result in a stronger treatment
cautions/contraindications for cupping
non-intact skin
high fever
skin allergy
abdominal and lumbo-sacral areas of pregnant women
elderly people; those with history of prolonged cortisone use
dont cup over umbillicus
4 functions of bleeding
- activates the blood
- dissolves stagnation of the blood and eases pain
- reduces inflammation and disperses heat
- disperses fullness and eliminates accumulation
contraindications for bleeding
blood deficiency
hypotension
weak constitution
pregnant or post-partum women
difference between herbal creams and ointments
ointments contains ONLY oils or fats (no water) and unlike creams, do not blend with the skin but form a separate layer over it.
creams are semi-solid emulsions of oil in water or water in oil that are readily absorbed into the skin; may have herbs dissolved in either the oil or the water fraction or both.
a liquid or semi-liquid preparation in oil or alcohol which is designed to have rubefacient or analgesic properties is called:
linament
which method of external application is the following:
in small amounts at a time blend powdered herb material with oily base, then apply to skin
paste
which method of external application is the following:
hot soaked masses of herb prepared in a fabric bag and applied to the skin while still hot; cover with gauze to hold in place. Special ability to draw wounds and infections, and to sooth, heal, and astringe.
poultice
snuffing
inhaling powdered herbs through the nose for nasal inflammation or polyps
egg whites as a non-herbal ingredient
neutral and astringent; for tendon, muscle, ligament injuries, also cartilage and menisci damage
vinegar as a non-herbal ingredient
relaxes the liver, specific for tendon injuries
alcohol as a non-herbal ingredient
courses channels; preservative and solvent; ethyl alcohol is least irritating to the skin
turpentine as a non-herbal ingredient
penetrates to the bone level
what is the incubation period for the forms of hepatitis
A - 15-50 days B - 50-180 days C - 20-90 days D - ? E - 15-60days
what is the method of transmission for the forms of hepatitis
A - Fecal/Oral B - Bloodborne C - Bloodborne D - ? E - Fecal/Oral
what is the onset like for the different forms of hepatitis
A - Abrupt B - Insidious C - Insidious D - ? E - Abrupt
are there vaccines for the various forms of hepatitis
A - yes B - yes C - no D - no E - no
which forms of hepatitis are chronic
A - not chronic B - depends on age group C - 60-70% D - ? E - not chronic
what are the necessary steps in case of a needle prick
- wash hands, squeeze out blood, rub with alcohol or betadine
- report to supervisor
- fill out incident report
- seek medical treatment
a patient is classified as having AIDS, which transformed from the original HIV case when:
the patient is HIV seropositive and has an absolute CD4 count of less than 200 cells per microliter, or one or more AIDS defining illnesses.
what substances can you place moxa on
garlic, salt, fu zi, ginger
systole
the phase of contraction of the heart muscles
diastole
the phase of relaxation or dilation of the heart muscles
what is the avg respiratory rate of a newborn
30-60
what is the avg respiration rate of a premature infant
40-90
what is the avg respiration rate of an adult
12-20
what is a “normal” temperature
98.6 F
when to refer babies to an MD
< 3 mo. - 100.2+ F
3-6 mo. - 101+ F
6 mo. + - 103+ F
when to refer adults to an MD
103+F
101+ lasting longer than 3 days
low-grade fever lasting longer than several weeks
blood pressure
the pressure exerted by blood on the wall of a blood vessel, generated by the contraction of the ventricles
avg systolic BP
males - 120 mmHg
females - 110 mmHg
avg diastolic BG
males - 80 mmHg
females - 70 mmHg
pulse pressure
the difference between the systolic BP and the diastolic BP
its avg is 40 mmHg; abnormal >50 or <30 mmHg
hypertension
> 140/90
hypotension
abnormally low BP
what are the 5 parts of an acupuncture needle
tail, handle, root, shaft/body, tip
what are the 5 standard positions for a patient
seated in extension seated in flexion lateral recumbent supine prone
when needling and it feels soft like butter, this means:
that there is no qi
needling differences between cases of deficiency and excess
deficiency: superficial insertion mild stim or moxa few needles small slow movements short retention time less frequent treatment
excess: deep insertion strong stim larger needles fast, big movements long retention time more frequent treatments
tonifying techniques: insertion and withdrawal lifting and thrusting rotation of twirling direction of needling with the breath withdrawal of the needle 9/6 manipulate
slow insert, quick withdraw heavy thrust with light lift with qi flow/clockwise with qi flow within channel insert with inhalation close hole 9x yang
