Final, Q Flashcards
what contrast media has the most side effects?
iodine
what image should we use to find out calculi?
first ultrasound, later CT
which imaging technique is best for renal cyst?
ultrasound
what is CT angiography used for?
material stenosis, venous and excretory phases
what is the most common primary renal malignancy?
Renal cell carcinoma
The most frequent lesion in the kidney is?
cyst
which classic radiography sign describing urethral cell?
- cobrehaension
- soft tissue rimsinus
- doppler
Topography of the kidney
From T12-L3
Rib 12 crosses the middle of kidney
Muscles of kidney:
Diaphragm
transverse abdominal muscle
quadrates lumborum muscle
psoas major
The concentration of solutes is greater in the:
bottom part of loop of Henle
cells making up the proximal and distal covuluted tubules are?
simple cuboidal epithelial cells
the transport maximum is:
the upper limit of reabsorption due to saturation of carrier proteins
If the diameter of efferent arterioles is smaller than the diameter afferent arterioles the:
if its more, the glomerular filtration rate decreases and hydrostatic pressure decreases
blood pressure in glomerulus stays high
If the levels of aldosterone in the blood increases, then:
more sodium in the blood, hypernatremia, more sodium can get reabsorbed, and hypokalemia, less potassium in the blood which mean potassium got excreted out of the body
Acted upon norepinephrine:
Glomerulus
In the myogenic mechanism of renal autoregulation:
smooth muscle in afferent arterioles triggers vasoconstriction to decrease GFR
The urinary excretory structure of kidney is?
nephron
what changes tends to increase glomerular filtration rate?
increased glomerular capillary filtration coefficient
An obstruction in the proximal convoluted tubule decreases GFR because:
-hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capsule increases, which decreases net filtration pressure
blood circulation velocities in the renal arteries can be measured while:
performing renal ultrasound with renal artery doplerography
CT is?
X-ray based imaging modality
Intravenous urograms (pyelograms) are used for?
Evaluate contours and collecting systems of kidneys, ureters
Paranephritis?
inflammation of adrenal glands
Pyeolonephritis?
urinary tract infection
Pyonephrosis?
pus in renal pelvis (pus, som finnar, har nån sorts vätska i sig)
Hydronephrosis?
swollen kidney, due to build up urine
MRI is used when?
Is usually used as supplementary examination for more detailed investigation of pathology
The greatest amount of hydrogen ion secreted by proximal tubule is associated with….
Reabsorption of bicarbonate ion
In controlling the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone, what factor is least important?
concentration of plasma K
Renal correction of acute hyperkalemia will result in:
-acidosis
The amount of potassium excreted by the kidney will decrease if:
-Na+ reabsorption by distal nephron decreases
in the presence of ADH, the distal nephron is least permeable to?
urea
when a person is dehydrated, hypotonic fluid will be found in the:
-DCT
dehydration, water in DCT
The ability of the kidney to excrete a concentrated urine will increase if:
-the rate of blood flow through medulla decreases
The glomerular filtration will increase if:
- circulating blood volume increase
- the plasma protein concentration decrease
an increase in OSMOLARITY of the extracellular compartment will:
- stimulate the volume and osmoreceotors, and stimulate ADH secretion
Major determinants of plasma osmolarity DOES NOT include:
-Hemoglobin
H+ secretion in the distal nephron is NOT enhanced by
Hyperkalemia
Extracellular bicarbonate ions DOeS NOT serve as effective buffer for:
-Lactic acid, because becomes bicarbonate by itself
When the dietary intake of K+ increases, body K+ balance is maintained by an increase of K+ excretion primary by which of the following?
-increased K+ secretion by the late distal collecting tubules
secretion of K+, H+, NH4 by DCT
What imbalance does not occur in chronic end stage renal failure?
-Hyperphosphatemia
