Final, Q

Question 1

what contrast media has the most side effects?

Answer 1

iodine

Question 2

what image should we use to find out calculi?

Answer 2

first ultrasound, later CT

Question 3

which imaging technique is best for renal cyst?

Answer 3

ultrasound

Question 4

what is CT angiography used for?

Answer 4

material stenosis, venous and excretory phases

Question 5

what is the most common primary renal malignancy?

Answer 5

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 6

The most frequent lesion in the kidney is?

Answer 6

cyst

Question 7

which classic radiography sign describing urethral cell?

Answer 7

1. cobrehaension
2. soft tissue rimsinus
3. doppler

Question 8

Topography of the kidney

Answer 8

From T12-L3

Rib 12 crosses the middle of kidney

Question 9

Muscles of kidney:

Answer 9

Diaphragm
transverse abdominal muscle
quadrates lumborum muscle
psoas major

Question 10

The concentration of solutes is greater in the:

Answer 10

bottom part of loop of Henle

Question 11

cells making up the proximal and distal covuluted tubules are?

Answer 11

simple cuboidal epithelial cells

Question 12

the transport maximum is:

Answer 12

the upper limit of reabsorption due to saturation of carrier proteins

Question 13

If the diameter of efferent arterioles is smaller than the diameter afferent arterioles the:

if its more, the glomerular filtration rate decreases and hydrostatic pressure decreases

Answer 13

blood pressure in glomerulus stays high

Question 14

If the levels of aldosterone in the blood increases, then:

Answer 14

more sodium in the blood, hypernatremia, more sodium can get reabsorbed, and hypokalemia, less potassium in the blood which mean potassium got excreted out of the body

Question 15

Acted upon norepinephrine:

Answer 15

Glomerulus

Question 16

In the myogenic mechanism of renal autoregulation:

Answer 16

smooth muscle in afferent arterioles triggers vasoconstriction to decrease GFR

Question 17

The urinary excretory structure of kidney is?

Answer 17

nephron

Question 18

what changes tends to increase glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 18

increased glomerular capillary filtration coefficient

Question 19

An obstruction in the proximal convoluted tubule decreases GFR because:

Answer 19

-hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capsule increases, which decreases net filtration pressure

Question 20

blood circulation velocities in the renal arteries can be measured while:

Answer 20

performing renal ultrasound with renal artery doplerography

Question 21

CT is?

Answer 21

X-ray based imaging modality

Question 22

Intravenous urograms (pyelograms) are used for?

Answer 22

Evaluate contours and collecting systems of kidneys, ureters

Question 23

Paranephritis?

Answer 23

inflammation of adrenal glands

Question 24

Pyeolonephritis?

Answer 24

urinary tract infection

Question 25

Pyonephrosis?

Answer 25

pus in renal pelvis (pus, som finnar, har nån sorts vätska i sig)

Question 26

Hydronephrosis?

Answer 26

swollen kidney, due to build up urine

Question 27

MRI is used when?

Answer 27

Is usually used as supplementary examination for more detailed investigation of pathology

Question 28

The greatest amount of hydrogen ion secreted by proximal tubule is associated with….

Answer 28

Reabsorption of bicarbonate ion

Question 29

In controlling the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone, what factor is least important?

Answer 29

concentration of plasma K

Question 30

Renal correction of acute hyperkalemia will result in:

Answer 30

-acidosis

Question 31

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidney will decrease if:

Answer 31

-Na+ reabsorption by distal nephron decreases

Question 32

in the presence of ADH, the distal nephron is least permeable to?

Answer 32

urea

Question 33

when a person is dehydrated, hypotonic fluid will be found in the:

Answer 33

-DCT

dehydration, water in DCT

Question 34

The ability of the kidney to excrete a concentrated urine will increase if:

Answer 34

-the rate of blood flow through medulla decreases

Question 35

The glomerular filtration will increase if:

Answer 35

• circulating blood volume increase

- the plasma protein concentration decrease

Question 36

an increase in OSMOLARITY of the extracellular compartment will:

Answer 36

• stimulate the volume and osmoreceotors, and stimulate ADH secretion

Question 37

Major determinants of plasma osmolarity DOES NOT include:

Answer 37

-Hemoglobin

Question 38

H+ secretion in the distal nephron is NOT enhanced by

Answer 38

Hyperkalemia

Question 39

Extracellular bicarbonate ions DOeS NOT serve as effective buffer for:

Answer 39

-Lactic acid, because becomes bicarbonate by itself

Question 40

When the dietary intake of K+ increases, body K+ balance is maintained by an increase of K+ excretion primary by which of the following?

Answer 40

-increased K+ secretion by the late distal collecting tubules

secretion of K+, H+, NH4 by DCT

Question 41

What imbalance does not occur in chronic end stage renal failure?

Answer 41

-Hyperphosphatemia