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final psych Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world. Your behaviors, thoughts, feelings, memories, and identity contribute to personality.

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2
Q

Psychodynamic Perspectives

A

View personality as primarily unconscious (beyond awareness) and as occurring stages. Most psychodynamic perspectives emphasize that early experiences with parents play a role in sculpting personality. Sigmund Freud - sex man

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3
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Sex drive was main determinant in personality. All issues have an unconscious cause.

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4
Q

Ego

A

The Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality. Can’t snatch a kids candy. Both unconscious and conscious

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5
Q

ID

A

The Freudian Structure of personality that consists of instincts and unconscious drives. The Individuals reservoir of sexual energy.

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6
Q

Superego

A

The Freudian Structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of our behavior and morality. Often our conscience

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7
Q

Oedipus complex

A

x According to Freud, a boy’s intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother

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8
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

The Freudian term for tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. Unconscious

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9
Q

Erogenous Zone

A

1) Oral stage: ( 1-18 months) put everything in mouth
2) Anal Stage ( 18-36 months) toilet training of going and holding in
3) Phallic Stage (3 to 6 years) genital’s and children discovering self stimulation is enjoyable

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10
Q

Latency period

A

Ages 6 to puberty. A psychic time out. Setting aside all interest in sexuality.

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11
Q

Genital Stage

A

Adolescence and Adulthood. Sexual Reawakening. Involves reliving the unconscious conflicts of childhood.

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12
Q

Displacement

A

A form of defense mechanism. Directing unacceptable impulses at a less threating target.

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13
Q

Archtypes

A

The name Carl Jung gave to the emotionally laden ideas and images in the
collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning. Art, literature, religion, and dreams

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14
Q

Collective Unconscious

A

Carl Jung’s term for the impersonal, deepest layer of the
unconscious mind, shared by all beings because of their common ancestral past.

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15
Q

Social Cognitive Theory

A

States that behavior, environment and person/cognitive
factors are important in understanding personality.

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16
Q

Trait

A

An enduring disposition that leads to characteristic responses

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17
Q

Trait theories

A

We describe ourselves in terms of traits. traits are building blocks of personality. Leads to certain behaviors

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18
Q

Five traits of personality

A

Openness:
Conscientiousness:
Extraversion:
Agreeableness:
Neuroticism: A measure of emotional stability,

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19
Q

Behavioral perspectives

A

Personality is learned and observable. Importance of environmental experiences. Focus on rewards and punishments. Behavior can change if new experiences are encountered.

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20
Q

Locus of control

A

Individual’s belief about whether the outcomes of their actions
depend on what they do (internal control) or on events outside of their personal control
(external control)

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21
Q

Self Efficacy

A

The belief that one can master a situation and produce positive
outcomes

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22
Q

Self esteem

A

The person’s overall evaluation of self-worth or self-image.

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23
Q

Humanistic Perspectives

A

Stress the person’s capacity for personal growth, freedom
and to choose a destiny, and positive qualities

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24
Q

Unconditional positive regard (end of chapter 12)

A

Rogers’ Term for accepting, valuing, and being
positive toward another person regardless of the person’s behavior

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25
Q

Abnormal Behavior

A

Behavior that is deviant (atypical), maladaptive (dysfunctional), and personally distressing (despair)

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26
Q

DSM-V

A

Classification System. Provides a common basis for communication. Helps clinicians make predictions. Naming disorder can give comfort. Stigma though, internal causes (-), focuses on weakness not strength.

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27
Q

Medical Model

A

A biological approach that describes psychological disorders as medical
diseases with a biological origin

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28
Q

Anxiety and Anxiety related disorders

A

Psychological disorders that include uncontrollable fears that are disproportionate and disruptive. Psychological disorders that include
these features: motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts

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29
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

An anxiety disorder that consists of
persistent anxiety over at least 1 month; the individual with this disorder cannot specify
reasons for the anxiety

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30
Q

Panic Disorder

A
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31
Q

Specific Phobia

A
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32
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A
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33
Q

Obsessive compulsion disorder

A
34
Q

PTSD

A
35
Q

Mood Related Disorders

A

Psychological Disorders in which there is a primary
disturbance in mood (prolonged emotion that colors the individuals entire emotional state)

36
Q

Depressive disorders

A

Mood disorders in which the individual suffers
depression without ever experiencing mania.

37
Q

Major depressive disorder

A

Indicated by a major depressive episode
and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, lasting at
least 2 weeks

38
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

A mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that
include one or more episodes of mania

39
Q

Schizophrenia (end of chapter 15)

A

A severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly
disordered thought processes

40
Q

Biological therapies

A

– Treatment to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of
psychological disorders by altering the way an individual’s body functions

41
Q

Anti Anxiety Drugs

A

Commonly know as tranquilizers, they reduce anxiety by making
people calmer and less excitable

42
Q

Anti Depressant drugs

A

Drugs that regulate mood

43
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A

Commonly called shock therapy, this treatment
is used for severely depressed individuals; it causes a seizure to occur in the brain

44
Q

Psychosurgery

A

A biological therapy that involves removal or destruction of brain
tissue to improve an individual’s adjustment.

45
Q

Psychotherapy

A

he process used by mental health professional to help individuals
recognize, define, and overcome their psychological and interpersonal difficulties

46
Q

Insight therapy

A

Encourages insight and self-awareness; includes the psychodynamic
and humanistic therapies

47
Q

Psychodynamic therapies

A

Stress the importance of the unconscious mind,
extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of experiences in the early childhood
years. The goal of the psychodynamic therapies is to help individuals recognize their
maladaptive ways of coping and the sources of their unconscious conflicts.

48
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Freud’s psychotherapeutic technique for analyzing an individual’s
unconscious thoughts. Freud believed that clients’ current problems could be traced to
childhood experiences, involving conflicts about sexuality

49
Q

Free association

A

The psychoanalytic technique of having individuals say what ever
comes into their minds

50
Q

Catharsis

A

The release of anger or aggressive energy by directly or vicariously engaging
in anger or aggression; the catharsis hypothesis states that behaving angrily or watching
other behave angrily reduces subsequent anger

51
Q

Dream analysis

A

The psychotherapeutic technique used by psychoanalysts to interpret
a person’s dream. Psychoanalysts believe dreams contain information about the individual’s
unconscious thought and conflicts

52
Q

Transference

A

The psychoanalytic term for the person’s relating to the analyst in ways
that reproduce or relive important relationships in the individual’s life

53
Q

Interpretation

A

The therapist searches for symbolic, hidden meanings in what the
individual says and does, and suggest possible meanings of the person’s statements and
behavior

54
Q

Resistance

A

The psychoanalytic terms for the person’s unconscious defense strategies
that prevent the analyst from understanding the person’s problems

55
Q

Humanistic Therapies

A

Encourages people to understand themselves and to grow
personally. The humanistic therapies are unique in their emphasis on self-healing capacities

56
Q

Client centered therapy

A

Roger’s humanistic therapy in which the therapist
provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client’s self-concept and encourage
the client to gain insight about problems

57
Q

Gestalt therapy

A

Perls’ humanistic therapy in which the therapist challenges clients to
help them become more aware of their feelings and face their problem

58
Q

Behavior therapy

A

Uses principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive
behavior emphasis on self-healing capacities

59
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

– A method of behavior therapy based on classical
conditioning that treats anxiety by getting the person to associate deep relaxation with
increasingly intense anxiety producing situations

60
Q

Aversive conditioning

A

A classical conditioning treatment which consists of repeated
pairings of the undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli to decrease the behavior’s reward

61
Q

Behavior conditioning

A

The application of operant conditioning principles to change
human behavior; especially to replace unacceptable, maladaptive behaviors with acceptable,
adaptive behaviors

62
Q

cognitive therapies

A

Emphasize that individuals’ cognitions or thought are the main
source of abnormal behavior and psychological problems

63
Q

Rational Emotive behavior therapy (REBT)

A

Based on Albert Ellis’ assertion that
individuals develop a psychological disorder because of their beliefs, especially those that are
irrational and self-defeating.

64
Q

COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (end of chapter 16)

A

Based on Albert Ellis’ assertion that
individuals develop a psychological disorder because of their beliefs, especially those that are
irrational and self-defeating.

65
Q

Behavioral Medicine

A

An interdisciplinary field that focuses on developing and
integrating behavioral and biomedical knowledge to promote health and reduce illness.

66
Q

Health Psychology

A

Emphasizes psychology’s role in promoting and maintaining
health and in preventing and treating illness.

67
Q

Stress

A

– The response of individuals to stressors, the circumstances and events that
threaten and tax their coping abilities

68
Q

Type A behavior pattern

A

A cluster of characteristics—being excessively
competitive, hard driven, and hostile—thought to be related to incidence of heart diseas

69
Q

Type B behavior pattern

A

A relaxed and easygoing personality

70
Q

Type C behavior Pattern

A

Pleasant but repressed person, who tends to internalize
his or her anger and anxiety and who finds expressing emotions difficult

71
Q

Hardiness

A

A personality style characterized by a sense of commitment (rather than
alienation), control (rather than powerlessness), and a perception of problems as challenges
(rather than threats).

72
Q

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

A

The common effect on the body when
demands are placed on it. The GAS consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

73
Q

Coping

A

Managing taxing circumstances, expending effort to solve life’s problems, and
seeking to master or reduce stress

74
Q

Stages of change model

A

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation/determination, action/willpower, maintenance

75
Q

Precontemplation

A

Individuals are not yet ready to think about changing and may
not be aware that they have a problem that needs to be changed

76
Q

Contemplation

A

Individuals acknowledge that they have a problem but may not be
ready to change

77
Q

Preparation/determination

A

Individuals are preparing to take action

78
Q

Action/Willpower

A

Individuals commit to making a behavioral change and enact a
plan

79
Q

Maintenance

A
80
Q
A
81
Q
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82
Q
A

geogrpahy (3 decks)

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