final psy exam

Question 1

Which type of barrier is in evidence when people believe their problems are not important enough for a therapist?

(a) financial (b) minimalist (c) skepticism about therapy
(d) procastination

Answer 1

(b) minimalist

Question 2

What type of provider is generally permitted to prescribe medications?

(a)Psychiatrist (b)Clinical Social Worker (c)Clinical Psychologist (d)Medical Psychologist

Answer 2

(a)Pyschiatrist

Question 3

____ is the relationship that emerges in therapy between the client and therapist, and is an important determinant of the therapy’s effectiveness.

(a) Client insight (b) Bibliotherapy (c) Therapeutic Alliance
(d) Friendship

Answer 3

(c) Therapeutic Alliance

Question 4

___ refers to a phenomenon of psychoanalysis in which the client begins directing emotional responses toward the therapist

Answer 4

(a) Resistance (b) Befriending (c) Objectifying (d) Transference

Question 5

___ involves a process in which the client faces feared situations gradually and under controlled conditions.

(a) Client-centered therapy (b) Insight therapy
(c) Family therapy (d) Exposure therapy

Answer 5

(d) exposure therapy

Question 6

___ consists of key procedures including exposure, cognitive restructuring, and stress inoculation training.

(a) Cognitive behavioural therapy (b) Family therapy
(c) Virtual reality exposure therapy (d) exposure therapy

Answer 6

(a) cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 7

____Affect the nervous system by blocking the reuptake of serotonins in neurons.

(a) MAOIs (b) Antianxiety medications (c) Mood stabilizers
(d) SSRIs

Answer 7

(d) SSRIs

Question 8

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs work by:

(a) boosting the ability of an enzyme to break down serotonin, dopamine, and norepinepharine molecules.
(b) inhibiting the ability of an enzyme to break down serotonin, dopamine, and norepinepherine molecules.
(c) selectively blocking the reuptake of serotonin.
(d) creating new dopamine molecules.

Answer 8

(b) inhibiting the ability of an enzyme to break down serotonin, dopamine, and norepinepherine molecules.

Question 9

Imagine that a friend asks you what you have heard about St. John’s wort because he/she is considering using it to alleviate his depression. What would you say, based on the research?

(a) St. John’s wort is as effective at treating depressive symptoms as antidepressants for many people.
(b) St. John’s wort is superior to prescription antidepressant medications.
(c) Your friend may as well take a placebo: St. John’s wort has never proved effective at reducing symptoms of depression.
(d) St. John’s wort is superior to cognitive-behavioural therapies.

Answer 9

(a) St. John’s wort is as effective at treating depressive symptoms as antidepressants for many people.

Question 10

If a doctor wanted to activate a very specific brain region in hope of alleviating symptoms of a mental disorder, she would most likely use which of the following procedure?

(a) Focal Lesion (b) Cingulotomy (c) Electroconvulsive therapy (d) Deep brain stimulation

Answer 10

(d) deep brain stimulation

Question 11

Which of the following techniques result in intentionally killing nerve cells?

(a) Deep brain stimulation (b) Electroconvulsive therapy
(c) Focal lesion (d) transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 11

(c) focal lesion

Question 12

One problem with DSM is that:

(a) there is no objectively definable line separating normal from abnormal; thus, determining whether a person has a disorder or not relies upon criteria for distinguishing normal from abnormal, and those criteria are essentially arbitrary.
(b) The construction of the DSM may reflect the influence of the pharmaceutical industry.
(c) it may lead to overdiagnoses, because it provides diagnostic labels that can be appealing to people for a variety of reasons (such as offering hope that treatment is possible, or making a child’s behaviour more manageable).
(d) all of the above

Answer 12

(d) all of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is not a psychiatric criterion for mental illness?

(a) Expression of behaviour that causes distress to self or others
(b) the condition must be categorical
(c) impairment of function
(d) increased amount of high-risk behaviours (e.g. drug use, speeding)

Answer 13

(b) the condition must be categorical

Question 14

Which of the following statements about PTSD is true?

(a) People of all cultures experience the exact same concerns about trauma.
(b) Some cultures are immune to stress reactions.
(c) Physiological symptoms of PTSD may be common among people of different cultures, but the specific concerns people have can vary.
(d) PTSD only occurs in cultures that use a medical model.

Answer 14

(c) Physiological symptoms of PTSD may be commmon among people of different cultures, but the specific concerns people have can vary.

Question 15

Which of the following individuals demonstrates the definition of comorbidity?

(a) a person who has both borderline personality disorder and a substance abuse disorder
(b) a person who is histrionic who both seeks excessive attention and is emotionally hyper reactive
(c) a person with borderline personality disorder who is impulsive and tends to be in unstable relationships
(d) a person who experiences a personality disorder that turns out to be fatal

Answer 15

(a) a person who has both borderline personality disorder and a substance abuse disorder.

Question 16

Which of the following biopsychosocial factors is least likely to be related to personality disorders?

(a) stress reactivity
(b) history of abuse
(c) decreased activity of the frontal lobes
(d) enjoyment of pain

Answer 16

(d) enjoyment of pain

Question 17

___involves intense extremes between positive and negative emotions, an unstable sense of self, impulsivity, and difficult social relationships.

(a) BPD
(b) NPD
(c) HPD
(d) APD

Answer 17

(a)BPD

Question 18

Fugue is a form of dissociative disorder most commonly associated with:

(a) a belief that you no longer exist or are real.
(b) loss of sensation in an appendage with no physical or neurological evidence.
(c) housing multiple personalities in one body.
(d) loss of identity and memories of the self

Answer 18

(d) loss of identity and memories of the self.

Question 19

which of the following is believed to typically bring on dissociative identity disorder?

(a) a physical injury to the head
(b) extreme stress or trauma
(c) old age
(d) genetics

Answer 19

(b) extreme stress or trauma

Question 20

dissociative identity disorder is best described as:

(a) a lost grasp of reality
(b) a lack of regard for the feelings of others
(c) a splitting of identity
(d) a problem with memory, attention, and the ability to form coherent thoughts

Answer 20

(c) a splitting of identity

Question 21

Which condition is marked by a strong feeling of tension and worry, no matter what the situation may be?

(a) A specific phobia
(b) a panic attack
(c) a social phobia
(d) generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 21

(d) generalized anxiety disorder

Question 22

The idea that anxiety disorders can be self-perpetuating means that
(a) anxiety in one situation always causes anxiety in another situation, regardless of what is happening.

(b) the emotions associated with anxiety lead to physiological responses, which in turn lead to more anxious emotions, creating a vicious cycle.
(c) you choose when and what to be anxious about
(d) anxiety is always limited to one situation or place

Answer 22

(b) the emotions associated with anxiety lead to physiological responses, which in turn lead to more anxious emotions, creating a vicious cycle

Question 23

The difference between obsessions and compulsions is that :

(A) obsessions are repetitive behaviours, whereas compulsions are fears about specific events

(B) obsessions are repetitive, unwanted thoughts, where as compulsions are practically permanent

(C) obsessions are temporary, whereas compulsions are practically permanent

(D) obsessions and compulsions are the same thing

Answer 23

(B) obsessions are repetitive, unwanted thoughts, whereas compulsions are repetitive behaviours

Question 24

Depression is associated with lower activity in the frontal lobe, which may result in:

(a) lack of appetite
(b) difficulty concentrating and thinking
(c) periods of elevated mood and energy
(d) constipation

Answer 24

(b) difficulty concentrating and thinking

Question 25

First-time callers to suicide prevention lines benefit most from:

(a) empathy and active listening
(b) firm, demanding instructions
(c) extensive problem-solving interventions
(d) direct referral to the hospital

Answer 25

(a) empathy and active listening

Question 26

Which three traits make up the “Dark Triad”?

Answer 26

(1) Machiavellianism
(2) Narcissism
(3) Psychopathy

Question 27

Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) is a problematic set of personality characteristics that involve three key tendencies . What are these three key tendencies?

Answer 27

(1) Obeying orders and deferring to the established authorities in a society;
(2) supporting aggression against those who dissent or differ from the established social order; and
(3) believing strongly in maintaining the existing social order

Question 28

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the nomothetic and idiographic approaches to personality?

(a) The nomothetic approach focuses on traits found across large groups, whereas the idiographic approach focuses on individuals.
(b) The idiographic approach focuses on traits found across large groups, whereas the nomothetic approach focuses on individuals.
(c) The idiographic approach relies on measures such as the Big Five, whereas the Big Five is of no use to a nomothetic approach.
(d) The idiographic approach allows psychologists to ask questions about the genetic and cultural basis of personality.

Answer 28

(a) The nomothetic approach focuses on traits found across large groups, whereas the idiographic approach focuses on individuals.

Question 29

One reason for going beyond the Big Five, such as the three lines of research on Honesty-Humility, the Dark Triad, and Right-Wing Authoritarianism, is:

(a) they are idiographic approaches, which supplement the nomothetic approach taken in the Big Five traits.
(b) they predict anti-social tendencies, such as violence and prejudice, better than the Big Five traits.
(c) these three theories account for states and situational factors, whereas the Big Five does not.
(d) these three theories can be used to diagnose personality disorders that could justify preventative action, such as incarcerating “dangerous” personalities before they are able to commit any crimes and cause harm to others.

Answer 29

(b) they predict anti-social tendencies, such as violence and prejudice, better than the Big Five traits.

Question 30

Your friend, who is normally introverted, is outraged at the taxi driver who is trying to overcharge you. He is cursing at the driver in a verbal altercation. This event is most likely due to his_____

(a) temperament
(b) subjective state
(c) idealized self
(d) Big Five personality traits

Answer 30

(b) subjective state.

Question 31

The theory that our personalities consist of a stable set of traits is very useful to psychologists, but there are some notable problems with trait theories. Which of the following is NOT a problem:

(a) Trait theories typically rely on self-reported behaviours, rather than actual observed behaviours.
(b) Situational factors, in addition to personality traits, also determine our behaviour.
(c) Factor analysis is not considered a valid technique in the study of personality.
(d) Historically, psychologists have not agreed on the traits that make up someone’s personality.

Answer 31

(c) Factor analysis is not considered a valid technique in the study of personality.

Question 32

Alternative approaches to personality such as the behaviourist and cognitive approaches complement trait theories of personality because:

(a) these alternative approaches help to account for how traits interact with behaviour and personal experience.
(b) trait theories focus on the negatives of personality.
(c) it is easier to observe behaviour than to ask someone to fill out a personality inventory.
(d) trait theories focus only on the positive aspects of personality

Answer 32

(a) these alternative approaches help to account for how traits interact with behaviour and personal experience.