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COMM226 > FINAL PREP > Flashcards

FINAL PREP Flashcards

1
Q

PART 1: What law states that performance of a computer doubles every 18 months; and the cost of data processing, communications and storage is essentially ZERO

A

(Gordon) Moore’s law

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2
Q

PART 1: what are the 4 EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS (ASCE)

A

Abstract Reasoning:
Manipulate models with a logical or reasonable thought process

Systems Thinking:
Connect inputs and outputs into a sensible whole

Collaboration:
Planning discussions, anticipating reactions

Experimentation:
making a careful analysis of opportunity, envision solutions, and developing ideas with the most promise

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3
Q

PART 1: What is a process and an information system? what is the relationship between them?

A

process: a way of doing something

IS: collection of components (like a computer) that stores and retrieves data and produces information

A process may use multiple information systems, an information system may be used for multiple processes

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4
Q

PART 1: What is the purpose of Information Systems Management?

A

Creating/monitoring/adapting processes, IS’, and information to help organizations achieve their strategies

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5
Q

PART 1: What are Porters Five Forces (S.NE.R.PS.PC)

A

threat of SUBSTITUTIONS

threat of NEW ENTRANTS

existing RIVALS

bargaining POWER of SUPPLIERS

bargaining POWER OF CUSTOMERS

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6
Q

PART 1: What is Porters 4 competitive strategy square

A

Choose one

“Lowest Cost across industry” = COST + Industry Wide

Lowest cost in segment = Cost + Focus

Better product across industry = Differentiation + Industry

Better Product across segment = Differentiation + Focus

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7
Q

PART 1: what is a value chain

A

a network of value creating activities

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8
Q

PART 1: What is a value chain according to PORTER (five activities: IL,OL, O, MS, S) (Four support: I,HR,R&D,P)

A

5:
Inbound Logistics
Operations
Outbound Logistics
marketing and Sales
Service

4:
Infrastructure
HR
R&D
procurement

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9
Q

Part 2: What are the 4 basic types of networks? (WILP)

A

Wide Area Network (WAN)
Internet
Local Area (LAN)
Personal Area (PAN)

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10
Q

PART 2: Intranet vs Internet

A

internet: Network of Networks (LANs, WANs, etc)

Intranet: Private internet for an organization

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11
Q

PART 2: WIFI, Cellular networks, and Bluetooth all operate on this

A

Radio Waves

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12
Q

PART 2: What is a PROTOCOL

A

a set of rules used by TWO communicating devices

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13
Q

PART 2: What is a SOA

A

Service-oriented Architecture provides a way for apps on a network to talk to each other

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14
Q

PART 2: What is IoT

A

Internet of Things are objects connected to the internet that communicate and share data (ex: my lights)

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15
Q

PART 2: What is THREE TIER ARCHITECTURE, what is it made up of?

A

3ta: way to build and organize software applications

USER TIER
- user interacts with application

SERVER TIER
- application’s data validation, calculations and business rules

DATABASE TIER
- Stores and manages information and data for application

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16
Q

PART 2: the elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the internet;

organizations just pay for resources they use

A

What is the cloud

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17
Q

PART 2: 3 types of Cloud options (SIP)

A

SOFTWARE (SAAS)

PLATFORM (PAAS)

INFRASTRUCTURE (IAAS)

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18
Q

PART 2: what does SAAS provide (3)

A

Server or disk drive

Server, OS, DBMS

Apps (software, develop suite)

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19
Q

PART 2: what does IAAS provide (3)

A

Server or Disk drive (storage)

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20
Q

PART 2: what does PAAS provide (3)

A

server or disk drive

Servers, OS, DBMS,
(Security, Testing for host apps)

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21
Q

PART 2: 4 components of computer hardware with examples

A

INPUT:
- keyboard and mouse

CPU:
- RAM, Processor, Memory

OUTPUT:
-speakers, display

STORAGE:
-Magnetic disk, optical disk, cloud

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22
Q

PART 2: What is the purpose of an OS (few examples)

A

Control computers resources

-read and write data
start and stop programs
backup

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23
Q

PART 2: 5 types of SOFTWARE apps, NV HOW

A

Horizontal-Market:
- common across all industries (Excel)

Vertical-market:
-specific industry (Doctors CRM)

One-of-kind:
-Specific Need (Scotia App)

Native: just one operating system

Web: Browser exclusive (grammarly)

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24
Q

PART 2: 4 sources of apps (OOCO)

A

Off the Shelf: generic, no customization

OTS with alterations: generic, customized before use

Custom: Specific for business/client

Open source:
Public and can be modified (wikipedia)

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25
Q
  • PART 2: what is Virtualization
A

a process (VM) that allows multiple virtual resources to run on a single physical resource, improving efficiency, scalability, and flexibility.

Can be applied to just about any context of IS (operating system VS, Desktop VS, hardware VS, etc)

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26
Q
A
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27
Q

PART 3: What is a BUSINESS PROCESS

What do we use to illustrate them

A

System of ACTIVITIES(tasks) that turn INPUTS into OUTPUTS (ex: getting a new passport)

BPMN Chart

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28
Q

PART 3: Structured vs Dynamic Process

A

Stuctured:
- Formally defined, standardized process, day-to-day
- (scheduling work shifts)

Dynamic:
- less specific, adaptive, intuitive
-Solving if/where to open new location

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29
Q

PART 3: Data vs information

A

data = recorded facts

Information = knowledge we derive from those facts

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30
Q

PART 3: qualification of data CARTS

A

Cost worthy
Accurate
Relevant
Timely
(just) Sufficient

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31
Q

PART 3: what 4 things make up a BP

A
  • Activities
  • Resources
  • Actors (human/computer hardware resource)
  • Role (particular actor for role)
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32
Q

PART 3: 4 characteristics of a Process (L.O.S.S)

A
  • Stability of flow
    (structured/dynamic)

Scope
(Managerial/operational/strategic)

  • Objectives
    (effectiveness/efficientcy)

-Location in VC
(marketing and sales/inbound logistics…)

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33
Q

PART 3: Operational vs Managerial vs Strategic SCOPE of processes

A

Operational
- daily, computer based, IS = TPS

Managerial
- Seasonal, MIX based, IS = MIS

Strategic
- When needed, People Based, IS = EES

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34
Q

Part 3: How to achieve PROCESS IMPROVEMENT (3 steps) C.U.M

A

Classify objectives (effective or efficient)

(Make) Unstated Assumptions explicit

Match objectives to strategy

35
Q

PART 3: What are bottlenecks, what do we do with them

A

when one activity reduces performance of overall progress,

remove them

36
Q

PART 3: an island of automation, ISs’ that work in isolation from each other is called what?

A

a Information Grain Silo

37
Q

PART 4: a large enterprise IS that brings data together in a big database and helps improve processes in a company is called A …..?

A

ERP system

38
Q

PART 4: What is JIT Delivery

A

Manufacturing occurring just as materials arrive to reduce storage costs

39
Q

PART 4: what are the 5 Elements of ERP SDHPP

A

Software
Data
Hardware
Procedures
People

40
Q

PART 4: ERP; What are the characteristics of SOFTWARE (2) CC 4 ERP

A

Configuration:
adapting an ERP software to meet client needs without changing code

Customization:
Writing NEW CODE to Supplement ERP system when requirements cannot be met with configuration

41
Q

PART 4: ERP; What are the types of DATA (3)

A

Transactional:
-purchases payments, deliveries

Master
-For organization/reference, supplier names, item names

Organizational:
Data ABOUT THE COMPANY, location of warehouses etc

42
Q

PART 4: Minor, Middle, and Major types of upgrades for ERP

A

Minor;
technical - improving IT

Middle:
Functional - Improving Processes

Major:
Full system Improvement

43
Q

PART 4: Pros (5) and challenges (5) of ERP system

A

Pros
-real time sata sharing
- best industry processes
- more managers = Better oversight
- no information silo
-better for supply chain partners
-create EOS after mergers

Challenges
- Vendor selection
- Gap analysis
- Configuration
- Data issues
- Cutover Method

44
Q

PART 5: a self describing collection of integrated records OR a collection of tables plus their relationship is called a …?

45
Q

PART 5: what are the 4 components of a database (cell, column etc)
BFFR (be fkn for real)

A

Cell = BYTE
collumn = FIELDS
rows = RECORDS
tables = FILES

46
Q

PART 5: what does DBMS stand for?
What does it mean?

A

DBMS = Database Management System

A program used to create, process, and administer a database

47
Q

PART 5: What is an SQL?

A

Structured Query Language: univeral language for processing database

48
Q

PART 5: What is Multi user processing?

What is one downside to it?

A

Multiple users can access the database at the same time?

Could lead to LOST UPDATE problem

49
Q

PART 5: enterprise DBMS vs Personal DBMS

A

Enterprise:
process large organizational databases (1000+ users)

personal:
Smaller and simpler database applications (<100, <15)

50
Q

PART 5: What is an E-R diagram?

What 5 elements is it made up of? PEARF

A

E-R diagram: Entity relationship diagram

primary key
- column that uniquely identifies row (“Drivers license #)

entity
- Noun that is independent of one another (person, place, object)

Attributes
-Characteristics of an entity (name, ID, etc)

Relationships
- how entities are related

Foreign key
-Shows relationship between 2 entities

51
Q

PART 5: What is cardinality in a relationship?

A

Cardinality tells us if the relationships are:
1-1, 1-many, or many-many

Many - many must be broken into two 1-many relationships using a bridge entity.

52
Q

Part 5: What is Big Data (3 Vs)

A

vast volumes of structured and unstructured data

volume, Variety, velocity

53
Q

Part 5: What are the characteristics of the 3 Vs of Big data?

A

volume
-dataset size

Variety
-types of data within dataset

velocity
-Speed of data processing

54
Q

Part 6: Definition of AI?

What are the two types of AI objectives

A

software that enables an IS to mimic or simulate human intelligence

Reasoning systems (think and act as people do)

Pattern matching
(matches perception to stored data and identifies patterns)

55
Q

Part 6: What are Expert systems

A

rule based systems that encode data from human knowledge into KNOWLEDGE BASE

Uses If/Then rules

56
Q

Part 6: What are Neural networks (NN)

A

adaptive system with NODES and CONNECTIONS (like a brain)… used for things like translation

57
Q

Part 6: Narrow vs Broad AI

A

Narrow: accomplishes specific task (grammarly)

broad: flexible (chat)

58
Q

Part 6: What is an analytics IS?

A

IS that supports acquiring analyzing and publishing data to reveal patterns

59
Q

Part 6: What is an operational database?

A

designed to make data inputs and updates efficient (like online transactions)

60
Q

Part 6: what is a data warehouse? (OLAP)

A

a facility that prepares, stores, manages data for reporting and mining.

61
Q

Part 6: Descriptive (SFGC) vs. Predictive Vs. Prescriptive Analytics

A

Descriptive:
informs of current conditions
- Sorting, filtering, grouping, calculating

Predictive:
same activities as descriptive but predicts events and outcomes

Prescriptive:
combination of both,
identifies best decisions to take action

62
Q

PART 7: Cooperation vs Collaboration

A

Cooperation: people doing all the same work together

Collaboration:
dynamic process working together to achieve shared purpose

63
Q

Part 7: 3 types of Iteration use

A

No iteration control;
- no limits or restrictions on team work product

Iteration management:
-Tracks changes and provides features to accommodate people working at the same time

iteration Control:
limits user activity, version history, etc

64
Q

Part 7: Passive (4) vs Active Social media (6) IS’

Fvvt tcrsc

A

Passive:
- followers
- views
- visits
- traffic

Active:
- Time on site
- clicks
- retweets
- shares
- comments
- ratings

65
Q

Part 7: what are the two characteristics of social media promotion

A
  1. Network effect:
    - exponential sharing
  2. Trust
    -consumers trust friends more than businesses
66
Q

Part 7: What is social capital?

A

the investment in social relations with the expectations of returns in the marketplace

67
Q

Part 7: 4 risks of social media in business CURP

A
  • underestimation of labour cost
  • variable roi
    -customer privacy
    -employee being cancelled
68
Q

Part 7: What is collaborative consumption? Hint (example is also cc)

A

mutual access to products and services rather than exclusive ownership (creative cloud)

69
Q

Part 7: 3 types of MERCHANT E-commerce

A

b2b
b2c
b2g (gov)

70
Q

Part 7: 3 types of NONMERCHANT e-commerce

A

Auctions
- ebay
Clearinghouses
-SSense
Electronic exchanges
- Grailed, FB marketplace

71
Q

Part 7: 3 Ways E-commerce improves market efficiency (DDS)

A

Data-flow
Disintermediation
Software

72
Q

PART 8: What is ISS

A

Information Systems SECURITY

73
Q

PART 8: Two types of ISS threats

A

Human Error
(internal employees)

computer Crimes
(External Attackers)

74
Q

PART 8: 5 types of DATA targeted COMPUTER CRIME Threats HIMIM

A

hacking

injection (SQL)

malware (Virus, ransomware)

Impersonation (phishing)

Man-in-middle (sniffing)

75
Q

PART 8: 4 types of SOFTWARE targeted COMPUTER CRIME Threats DOMU

A

Denial of service
Overflow
Malware
Usurpation

76
Q

PART 8: 3 types of Hardware targeted COMPUTER CRIME Threat

A

Terrorism
Theft
APT

77
Q

PART 8: 4 types of HUMAN ERROR Threats

A

Inadvertent (idiots)
Deliberate (saboteurs)

Procedure Problems (software)

Accidents (hardware)

78
Q

PART 8: 6 ISS
safeguards
EF,M,HSV (Fuck em, Genital Herpes)

A
  1. Encryption
  2. Firewalls
  3. Malware (ANTI)
  4. Hardening
  5. VPN
  6. Secure Design
79
Q

PART 8:
What is encryption?

A

converting plaintext into encoded text

80
Q

PART 8:
What are firewalls?

A

apparatus that inhibits unauthorized entry into specific sections of a network

81
Q

PART 8:
What is Anti-malware?

A

disrupts spyware and virus’

82
Q

PART 8:
What is hardening?

A

limiting functions of a computer to decrease vulnerabilities
(good for single purpose computers)

83
Q

PART 8:
What is Secure Design?

A

Designing security into a software

COMM226 (2 decks)

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