Final Prep Flashcards by Sara Moss

When assisting a pt to transition sit > stand, the practitioner should

Answers.
A. Widen the BOS and raise the COG
B. Widen the BOS and lower the COG
C. Narrow the BOS and raise the COG
D. Narrow the BOS and lower the COG

B. Widen the BOS and lower the COG

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Why does a shorter wheelchair ramp require more effort?

A shorter ramp means there is a steeper incline requiring more effort but less distance. A longer ramp would require more distance for the same amount of incline and less effort.

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Production of rotation around an axis is called what type of force
Answers:
A. Resultant
B. Rotational
C. Torque
D. Turning

C. Torque

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A body with a ________ base of support is more stable

wide

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The concept that how quickly or slowly an object moves is dependent on force relates to Newton’s law of

Answers:
A. Inertia
B. Acceleration
C. Force
D. Reaction

B. Acceleration

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Moving the head and neck into flexion and extension illustrates what class of lever?

First Class

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The idea that an object in motion stays in motion in the absence of an opposing force relates to Newton’s law of

Answers:
A. Inertia
B. Acceleration
C. Force
d. Reaction

A. Inertia

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Position of the forearm when covering one’s cough with a hand

Answers:
a. Ipsilateral rotation
b. External/lateral rotation
c. Radial deviation
d. Depression
e. Lateral Flexion
f. ABDuction
g. Plantar flexion
h. Inversion
i. Supination
j. Retraction
k. Dorsiflexion
I. Ulnar deviation
m. Pronation
n. Extension
o. Horizontal ADDuction
p. Internal/medial rotation
q. Contralateral rotation
r. ADDuction
s. Flexion
t. Protraction
u. Elevation

i. Supination

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Ankle position for reaching into a high cupboard

g. Plantar flexion

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Forearm position for having fingernails clipped

m. Pronation

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Also known as wrist abduction

c. Radial deviation

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Neck position for stargazing

n. Extension

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Spreading the fingers apart like a starfish

f. ABDuction

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Shoulder action for giving a hug

o. Horizontal ADDuction

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Primary scapular action that supports full functional use of the UE

t. Protraction

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Occurs when a muscle on the left moves the body part to the left

a. Ipsilateral rotation

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Hip position in sitting

s. Flexion

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Occurs when a muscle on the left moves the body part to the right

q. Contralateral rotation

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Scapular movement that occurs with glenohumeral horizontal abduction

j. Retraction

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Ankle movement in which the plantar surface of the foot faces midline

h. Inversion

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Shoulder position when clicking into a seatbelt at the opposite hip (across the body)

r. ADDuction

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Wrist movement for moving a computer mouse laterally

I. Ulnar deviation

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Neck position in which the ear moves toward the same side shoulder

e. Lateral Flexion

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Shoulder position when buttoning and zipping jeans

p. Internal/medial rotation

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Hip position when the toes are pointing outward Answers: a. Ipsilateral rotation b. External/lateral rotation c. Radial deviation d. Depression e. Lateral Flexion f. ABDuction g. Plantar flexion h. Inversion i. Supination j. Retraction k. Dorsiflexion I. Ulnar deviation m. Pronation n. Extension o. Horizontal ADDuction p. Internal/medial rotation q. Contralateral rotation r. ADDuction s. Flexion t. Protraction u. Elevation

b. External/lateral rotation

Opening the mouth is accomplished by this action at the mandible. Answers: a. Ipsilateral rotation b. External/lateral rotation c. Radial deviation d. Depression e. Lateral Flexion f. ABDuction g. Plantar flexion h. Inversion i. Supination j. Retraction k. Dorsiflexion I. Ulnar deviation m. Pronation n. Extension o. Horizontal ADDuction p. Internal/medial rotation q. Contralateral rotation r. ADDuction s. Flexion t. Protraction u. Elevation

d. Depression

Scapular movement indicating you don't know who ate the last cookie Answers: a. Ipsilateral rotation b. External/lateral rotation c. Radial deviation d. Depression e. Lateral Flexion f. ABDuction g. Plantar flexion h. Inversion i. Supination j. Retraction k. Dorsiflexion I. Ulnar deviation m. Pronation n. Extension o. Horizontal ADDuction p. Internal/medial rotation q. Contralateral rotation r. ADDuction s. Flexion t. Protraction u. Elevation

u. Elevation

Ankle movement that lets you tap your foot to the music Answers: a. Ipsilateral rotation b. External/lateral rotation c. Radial deviation d. Depression e. Lateral Flexion f. ABDuction g. Plantar flexion h. Inversion i. Supination j. Retraction k. Dorsiflexion I. Ulnar deviation m. Pronation n. Extension o. Horizontal ADDuction p. Internal/medial rotation q. Contralateral rotation r. ADDuction s. Flexion t. Protraction u. Elevation

k. Dorsiflexion

An internal force that acts on levers in the body is Answers. A. Resistance B. Muscular contraction C. Skeletal stability D. Gravity

B. Muscular contraction

The OTA is recommending dimensions for a wheelchair ramp. The entry to be used has 3 steps that are each & inches high; show your work to provide recommendations for the length of the ramp.

3 steps x6 inches each = 18 inches high Rise in inches = 18 inches / run in feet = 18 feet Ramp needs to be 18 feet long

State 2 principles of good body mechanics as related to the chapter

Always keep the load close to your body. Keep a wide base of support to increase balance and stability. Keep a low center of gravity to increase balance and stability. Changing the length of the force arm(increase) or resistance arm(decrease) will make the part easier or harder to move. * Inclined plane can exchange increased distance for decreased effort.

A body with a _________ center of gravity is more stable.

low

Forces that cause motion Answers: a. Force b. Friction c. Inertia d. Mass e Torque f. Velocity g. Kinetics

g. Kinetics

Describes speed Answers: a. Force b. Friction c. Inertia d. Mass e Torque f. Velocity g. Kinetics

f. Velocity

Amount of matter a body contains Answers: a. Force b. Friction c. Inertia d. Mass e Torque f. Velocity g. Kinetics

d. Mass

Tendency of force to produce rotation Answers: a. Force b. Friction c. Inertia d. Mass e Torque f. Velocity g. Kinetics

e Torque

Push or pull action Answers: a. Force b. Friction c. Inertia d. Mass e Torque f. Velocity g. Kinetics

a. Force

Resistive force between 2 surfaces Answers: a. Force b. Friction c. Inertia d. Mass e Torque f. Velocity g. Kinetics

b. Friction

Resistance to change in motion Answers: a. Force b. Friction c. Inertia d. Mass e Torque f. Velocity g. Kinetics

c. Inertia

Three types of arthrokinematic movement are:

Roll, Spin, Glide

The point where the three cardinal planes intersect is the:

Center of gravity

Freely moveable joints found throughout the body are called Answers A. synarthroses; fibrous joints B, amphiarthroses; cartilaginous joints C. diarthroses; synovial joints D. gomphoses; fibrous joints

c. diarthroses; synovial joints

When the ulna moves on the distal humerus, which of the following occurs according to the convex-concave rule Answers. A. the trochlear notch glides in the same direction as the movement B. the trochlear notch glides in the opposite direction of the movement C. the trochlear notch rolls in the same direction as the movement D. the trochlear notch rolls in the opposite direction of the movement

A. the trochlear notch glides in the same direction as the movement

The ball-and-socket joints of the hip and shoulder are this type Answers: A. Labrum B. Triaxial C. Hyaline cartilage D. Uniaxial E. Meniscus F. Synovial fluid G.Synovial membrane H. Joint capsule I. Ligaments J. Biaxial

B. Triaxial

Connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid Answers: A. Labrum B. Triaxial C. Hyaline cartilage D. Uniaxial E. Meniscus F. Synovial fluid G.Synovial membrane H. Joint capsule I. Ligaments J. Biaxial

G.Synovial membrane

Also called articular cartilage; covers bone ends in joints Answers: A. Labrum B. Triaxial C. Hyaline cartilage D. Uniaxial E. Meniscus F. Synovial fluid G.Synovial membrane H. Joint capsule I. Ligaments J. Biaxial

C. Hyaline cartilage

Comprised of non-elastic connective tissue to provide joint stability Answers: A. Labrum B. Triaxial C. Hyaline cartilage D. Uniaxial E. Meniscus F. Synovial fluid G.Synovial membrane H. Joint capsule I. Ligaments J. Biaxial

I. Ligaments

Comprised of connective tissue layers; fibrous outer layer supports and protects joints Answers: A. Labrum B. Triaxial C. Hyaline cartilage D. Uniaxial E. Meniscus F. Synovial fluid G.Synovial membrane H. Joint capsule I. Ligaments J. Biaxial

H. Joint capsule

Comprised of fibrocartilage; ring that surrounds the glenoid fossa to improve stability Answers: A. Labrum B. Triaxial C. Hyaline cartilage D. Uniaxial E. Meniscus F. Synovial fluid G.Synovial membrane H. Joint capsule I. Ligaments J. Biaxial

A. Labrum

Thick, clear fluid that lubricates synovial joints Answers: A. Labrum B. Triaxial C. Hyaline cartilage D. Uniaxial E. Meniscus F. Synovial fluid G.Synovial membrane H. Joint capsule I. Ligaments J. Biaxial

F. Synovial fluid

The hinge joints of the elbow, PIPs and DIPs are this type Answers: A. Labrum B. Triaxial C. Hyaline cartilage D. Uniaxial E. Meniscus F. Synovial fluid G.Synovial membrane H. Joint capsule I. Ligaments J. Biaxial

D. Uniaxial

Joints of this type allow movement in two planes Answers: A. Labrum B. Triaxial C. Hyaline cartilage D. Uniaxial E. Meniscus F. Synovial fluid G.Synovial membrane H. Joint capsule I. Ligaments J. Biaxial

J. Biaxial

Comprised of fibrocartilage; incomplete rings on the tibial plateau to absorb shock and improve stability Answers: A. Labrum B. Triaxial C. Hyaline cartilage D. Uniaxial E. Meniscus F. Synovial fluid G.Synovial membrane H. Joint capsule I. Ligaments J. Biaxial

E. Meniscus

A subjective assessment about the quality of the end range during PROM is called Answers. A. end feel B. guarding C. classical motion D, joint congruency

A. end feel

Joint movement occurs in a _______ and around an ________

Plane Axis

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Metacarpophalangeal joints

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Hip

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Elbow

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Ankle

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Neck and Trunk

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Shoulder

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Wrist

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Interphalangeal joints

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Knee

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Write the degrees of freedom for each in the space provided: Temporomandibular joint

opposes an unwanted action of a muscle Answers: a. Cocontraction b. Stabilizer c. Antagonist d. Agonist e. Synergist f. Neutralizer

f. Antagonist

potentially opposes prime mover Answers: a. Cocontraction b. Stabilizer c. Antagonist d. Agonist e. Synergist f. Neutralizer

c. Antagonist

Fixator Answers: a. Cocontraction b. Stabilizer c. Antagonist d. Agonist e. Synergist f. Neutralizer

b. Stabilizer

Prime mover Answers: a. Cocontraction b. Stabilizer c. Antagonist d. Agonist e. Synergist f. Neutralizer

d. Agonist

Muscles that work together to perform a function Answers: a. Cocontraction b. Stabilizer c. Antagonist d. Agonist e. Synergist f. Neutralizer

e. Synergist

agonist and antagonist contract together Answers: a. Cocontraction b. Stabilizer c. Antagonist d. Agonist e. Synergist f. Neutralizer

a. Cocontraction

Muscle tissue that has an ability to stretch or lengthen when force is applied is demonstrating which of the following: Answer: a. Irritability/Excitability b. Contractability c. Extensibility d. Elasticity

c. Extensibility

Muscle tissue that has an ability to respond to stimulus is demonstrating which of the following: Answers a. Irritability/excitability b. Contractability e. Elasticity d. Normal resting length

a. Irritability/excitability

The category of muscle contraction in which there is increased muscle tension without joint movement is _____________

isometric

If an individual is completing push-ups, are they completing open or closed-chain activities?

closed

When a muscle contracts until it contract no further, even though more joint ROM is possible, this is called: Answer: a. Passive insufficiency b. Active insufficiency c. Full ROM d. Closed-chain activity

b. Active insufficiency

An eccentric muscle contraction is. Answer: a. when a muscle cannot stretch any further b. when a muscle cannot contract any further c. active muscle shortening d. active muscle lengthening

d. active muscle lengthening

Tenodesis, or tendon action of a muscle, occurs when... Answers: a. There is supination of the forearm, the weight of the hand and gravity, hyperextension of the wrist, and flexion of the fingers. b. There is supination of the forearm, flexion of the wrist, and flexion of the fingers. c. There is pronation of the forearm, the weight of the hand and gravity, flexion of the wrist, and flexion of the fingers. d. There is pronation of the forearm, extension of the wrist, and flexion of the fingers.

a. There is supination of the forearm, the weight of the hand and gravity, hyperextension of the wrist, and flexion of the fingers.

Which of the following are common shoulder pathologies? (Choose all that apply) Answers: Adhesive capsulitis. Impingement syndrome Smith's fracture Coles fracture Subluxation

Adhesive capsulitis. Impingement syndrome Subluxation

The shoulder joint is one of the most stable joints in the body. True or False

False

The shoulder joint is which of the following (choose all that apply): Answers Uniaxial Biaxial Triaxial Ball and Socket Saddle Joint

Triaxial Ball and Socket

Which two joints make up the wrist joint? Answers a. Humeroulnar and radioulnar b. Radioulnar and intercarpal c. Humeroulnar and midcarpal d. Radiocarpal and intercarpal

d. Radiocarpal and intercarpal

What is the term that describes the anatomical position formed by the longitudinal axis of the humerus and the forearm? Answers: a. scaption b. flexion c. carrying angle d. end feel

c. carrying angle

Which of the following are true of the medial collateral ligament? Choose all that apply. Answers: a. It is also called the ulnar collateral ligament b. It provides medial stability to the elbow c. It provides lateral stability to the elbow. d. It is also called the ulnar collateral ligament e. It surrounds the entire joint.

d. It is also called the ulnar collateral ligament

Which of the following occurs when the distal fragment is displaced anteriorly and is caused by a fall on the back of the hand? Answers: a. Smith's fracture b. Coles fracture c. "Greenstick" fracture d. Scaphoid fracture

a. Smith's fracture

A normal end feel of the shoulder joint is: Answers: a. Ligamentous laxity b. Boggy c. Soft d. Firm

d. Firm

Wrist flexion has _______ end feel. Answers: a. Ligamentous laxity b. Boggy c. Firm d. Soft

c. Firm

Which of the following is seen in young children who have experienced a sudden strong traction force on the am? Answers: a. Nursemaid's elbow b. Elbow dislocation c. Little league elbow d. Golfers elbow

a. Nursemaid's elbow

The elbow joint is made up of which of the following: Answers: a. The radius, humerus, and ulna. b. Four joints and one point capsule c. 0 degrees - 180 degrees of flexion d. The radius and una

a. The radius, humerus, and ulna.

Which of the following is true of scaption? Answers: a. It provides increased strength in a child's carrying angle b. It is similar to flexion or abduction but occurs in the scapular plane c. It creates a soft end feel for the shoulder d. It occurs in the transverse plane.

b. It is similar to flexion or abduction but occurs in the scapular plane

Which of the following positons is the wrist typically in when a wrist sprain occurs? Answer: a. Flexion b. Hyperextension c. Radia deviation d. Ulnar deviation

b. Hyperextension

The wrist has ______ degrees of freedom

Two

Which of the following allows for pronation and supination proximally and distally? Answer: a. Radioulnar joint. b. Medial collateral ligament. c. Humeroulnar joint. d. Annular ligament.

a. Radioulnar joint