Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psy Exam 4 > Final Prep > Flashcards

Final Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psychology

A

explores the way individuals behave, think, and feel in relation to others and groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Using deception in studies

A

sometimes is needed because people may act differently if they know they are being studied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Research debrief

A

inform their participants at the end of a study, that is, review aspects of the research initially kept under wraps, basically ask for consent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

social cognition

A

the way one thinks about others, attends to social information, and uses this information in life, both consciously and unconsciously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Attributions

A

explanations you make up for other peoples behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Controllable–uncontrollable dimensions of attributions

A

controlable: Alexa was 15 minutes late to dinner. It is assumed that her driving speed is the reason for her lateness
uncontrolable: The traffic that her held is up is assumed to be the reason she is late.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stable–unstable dimension of attributions

A

Stable: it is assumed that someones skill at cooking comes from a passion for cooking

Unstable: It is assumed that the skill for cooking comes from one time watching Hell’s Kitchen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Internal–external dimension of attributions

A

Internal: assumed the reason a girl didn’t like a guy on tinder is because she wasn’t ready for a relationship

External: he thought she didn’t like him because “tinder guys are creepy”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

Assumes that Julia didn’t respond to party invite because she is snooty and “too-good” for it.

uses “dispositional attribution”, which is assuming deep seeded personality traits as explanation as opposed to the situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

situational attribution

A

assuming the reason someone isn’t showing up to a party is because of his/her external situation and not something internal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

just-world hypothesis

A

assumes that if people are suffering, they must have done something to deserve it

According to this view, the world is a fair place and “bad” things happen for a reason. Thus, when people are “bad,” it should be no surprise when things don’t go well for them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

self-serving bias

A

People who attribute their successes to internal characteristics and their failures to environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

false consensus effect

A

trying to pin point the actions of other people by over relying on knowledge about ourselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Attitudes

A

relatively stable thoughts, feelings, and responses we have toward people, situations, ideas, and things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

The tension that results when a behavior clashes with an attitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

social influence

A

how a person is affected by others as evidenced in behaviors, emotions, and cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

persuasion

A

intentionally tring to make other people change their attitudes and beliefs, which may (or may not) lead to changes in their behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

elaboration likelihood model

A

proposes that people are persuaded in different ways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

central route to persuasion

A

Those who focus on the content of a message, and think critically about it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

peripheral route to persuasion

A

those who pay more attention to “simple, issue-irrelevant cues” such as the credibility or attractiveness of the source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Compliance

A

occurs when people voluntarily change their behavior at the request or direction of another person (or group), who generally does not have any true authority over them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

foot-in-the-door technique

A

a technique used to try and receive compliance-occurs when someone makes a small request, followed by a larger request.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

door-in-the-face technique

A

a technique used to try and receive compliance-involves making a large, sometimes unreasonable request followed by a smaller request

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

reciprocal concessions

A

If the solicitor (the person trying to obtain something) is willing to give up something (the large request), the person being solicited tends to feel that he, too, should give in and satisfy the smaller request

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
conformity
tendency to modify our behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and opinions to match those of others
26
Obedience
occurs when we change our behavior, or act in a way we might not normally act, because we have been ordered to do so by an authority figure
27
social facilitation
In some situations, people perform better when others are observing
28
social loathing
the tendency for people to put forth less than their best effort when individual contributions are too complicated to measure- diffusion of responsibility
29
deindividuation
may feel a loss of identity, social responsibility, and ability to discriminate right from wrong due to being a part of a group. (people act up in groups vs by themselves)
30
risky shift
people working in groups are more likely to recommend uncertain and risky options than individuals working alone
31
group polarization
the tendency for a group to take a more extreme stance after deliberations and discussion-people who talk with the same opinions just reinforces the same thoughts.
32
groupthink
the tendency for group members to maintain cohesiveness and agreement in their decision making, and fail to consider alternatives and related viewpoints
33
bystander effect
When a person is in trouble, bystanders have the tendency to assume (and perhaps wish) that someone else will help
34
aggression
intimidating or threatening behavior or attitudes intended to hurt someone
35
frustration–aggression hypothesis
we all can exhibit aggressive behavior when placed in a frustrating situation
36
stereotypes
the conclusions or inferences we make about people who are different from us, based on their group membership
37
in-group, out-group
in-a group to which we belong out-a group to which we don't belong
38
scapegoat
the target of negative emotions, beliefs, and behaviors
39
social identity
view of ourselves within a social group
40
ethnocentrism
or seeing the world from the narrow perspective of our own group
41
discrimination
showing favoritism or hostility to others because of their group affiliation.
42
prejudice
hostile or negative attitudes toward individuals or groups
43
social roles
the positions we hold in social groups, and all the associated responsibilities and expectations
44
altruism
The desire or motivation to help others with no expectation of payback
45
Empathy
the ability to recognize and understand another’s emotional point of view, is a major component of altruism.
46
interpersonal attraction
the factors that lead us to form friendships or romantic relationships with others. Among the most important are proximity, similarity, and physical attractiveness.
47
Proximity
or nearness, plays a significant role in the formation of our relationships. The closer people live geographically, the greater the odds they will meet, spend time together, and establish a bond
48
mere-exposure effect
the more we are exposed to people, food, jingles, songs, politics, or music, the more positive our reactions become
49
romantic love
combination of connection, passion, care, and intimacy-similar to passionate love
50
companionate love
love that consists of profound fondness, camaraderie, understanding, and emotional closeness. typical of a couple that has been together for many years. They become comfortable with each other, routines set in, and passion often fizzles
51
Consummate love
occurs when intimacy and commitment are accompanied by passion. In other words, all three components of the triangle are present.
52
investment model of commitment
By Caryl Rusbult’s, focuses on the resources at stake in relationships, including finances, possessions, time spent together, and perhaps even children
53
psychological disorder
a set of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that are significantly distressing and disabling-behaviors and symptoms associated with psychological disorders are not typical in the general population
54
abnormal psychology
The academic field devoted to the study of psychological disorders
55
three criteria for abnormal behavior
dysfunction, distress, and deviance, or the “3 Ds” dysfunction-degree to which a behavior interferes with daily life and relationships distress-Feeling regularly upset or uncomfortable because of unwanted behaviors or emotions is another feature of abnormality, and it’s not always evident from the outside deviance-the degree to which a behavior is considered to be outside the standards or rules of a society
56
cultural syndromes
symptoms and attributions (explanations for those symptoms) appear to be unique to particular societies
57
Stigma
is a negative attitude or opinion about groups of people based on certain characteristics they have
58
comorbidity
suffer from more than one psychological disorder at a time
59
medical model
views psychological disorders from a biological standpoint, focusing on genes, neurochemical imbalances, and processes in the brain
60
anxiety disorders
extreme anxiety and/or irrational fears that are debilitating and go beyond what is commonly expected in a particular cultural context
61
panic attack
is a sudden, extreme fear or discomfort that escalates quickly, often with no evident cause, and includes symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, lightheadedness, and fear of dying
62
panic disorder
requires such attacks to recur unexpectedly and have no obvious trigger
63
specific phobia
which centers on a particular object or situation, such as rats or airplane travel
64
agoraphobia
feels extremely uneasy in public spaces. This disorder is characterized by a distinct fear or anxiety related to public transportation, open spaces, retail stores, crowds, or being alone and away from home in general
65
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
“intense” fear of social situations and scrutiny by others
66
generalized anxiety disorder
experiences an excessive amount of worry and anxiety about many activities relating to family, health, school, and other areas
67
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
psychological disorder characterized by unwanted thoughts, or obsessions, and repetitive, ritualistic behaviors known as compulsions.
68
obsession
a thought, urge, or image that recurs repeatedly, is intrusive and unwelcome, and often causes feelings of intense anxiety and distress.
69
compulsion
a behavior or “mental act” repeated over and over.
70
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
a person must be exposed to or threatened by an event involving death, serious injury, or some form of violence-(1) distressing, disturbing, and spontaneously recurring memories of an event; (2) dreams with content or emotions associated with the event; (3) “dissociative reactions” that include feeling as if the event is happening again (flashbacks); (4) extreme psychological distress when reminded of the event; or (5) obvious physical reactions to cues related to the event
71
major depressive disorder
a person must have experienced at least one major depressive episode. Some people suffer a single episode, while others battle recurrent episodes. Abnormal activity of three neurotransmitters—norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine—may contribute to the development and progression of major depressive disorder
72
learned helplessness
people often become depressed because they believe they have no control over the consequences of their behaviors
73
manic episodes
The extreme energy, euphoria, and confidence felt from people with bipolar disorder
74
schizophrenia
experience psychosis, a loss of contact with reality that is severe and chronic.
75
delusions
strange or false beliefs that a person maintains even when presented with evidence to the contrary
76
hallucination
a “perception-like experience” that the individual believes is real, but that is not evident to others.
77
positive and negative of schizophrenia
Positive symptoms are excesses or distortions of normal behavior, and include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech—all of which are generally not observed in people without psychosis Negative symptoms, on the other hand, refer to the reduction or absence of expected behaviors
78
dopamine hypothesis
the synthesis, release, and concentrations of dopamine are all elevated in people who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia and are suffering from psychosis
79
Autism
characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts” and “restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities”
80
personality disorders
behaves in a way that deviates substantially in the following areas: (1) cognition, including perceptions of self, others, and events; (2) emotional responses; (3) interpersonal functioning; and (4) impulse control
81
antisocial personality disorder.
sometimes lie or con others, and exhibit aggressive, impulsive, or irritable behaviors. These individuals have difficulty feeling empathy, and may not show concern for others or feel remorse upon hurting them.
82
borderline personality disorder
suffer from feelings of emptiness and an incomplete sense of self. They tend to be emotionally unstable and extremely needy-see the world in black and white
83
narcissism
personality trait is associated with vanity, self-absorption, and feelings of superiority and entitlement
84
Dissociative disorders
are disturbances in normal psychological functioning that can include problems with memory, identity, consciousness, emotion, perception, and motor control
85
dissociation
or a disturbance in the normally unified experience of psychological functions involved in memory, consciousness, perception, or identity
86
dissociative amnesia
have difficulty remembering important personal information. In some cases, the amnesia is fixed around a certain event, often one that is traumatic or stressful
87
dissociative identity disorder,
characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personalities within the same person
88
anorexia nervosa
characterized by self-imposed restrictions on calories needed to maintain a healthy weight
89
bulimia nervosa
recurrent episodes of binge eating, or consuming large amounts of food in short periods of time
90
binge-eating disorder
characterized by episodes of excessive food consumption—eating more than most people would in the same amount of time and under similar circumstances
91
deinstitutionalization
getting patients out of institutions and back into the community
92
Biomedical therapy
refers to drugs and other medical interventions that target the biological basis of a disorder
93
Psychotherapy
or “talk therapy,” zeroes in on psychological factors
94
insight therapies
which aim to increase awareness of self and environment
95
behavior therapy
focuses on behavioral change
96
eclectic approach to therapy
integrate multiple methods, tailoring treatment for each client
97
evidence-based practice
choosing treatment that integrates the “best available” research findings, “clinical expertise,” and knowledge of a patient’s culture, values, and preferences
98
manifest content of dream
what we remember after waking up
99
latent content of dream
hidden meaning behind the dream
100
free association
a therapy technique in which a patient says anything and everything that comes to mind, regardless of how silly, bizarre, or inappropriate it may seem.
101
interpretation
make inferences about the unconscious conflicts driving the patient’s behavior.
102
resistance
a patient’s unwillingness to cooperate in therapy-If resistance occurs, the job of the therapist is to help the patient identify its unconscious roots
103
transference
occurs when patients react to therapists as if they were their parents or other important people from childhood
104
psychodynamic therapy
including the idea that personality and behaviors frequently can be traced to unconscious conflicts and experiences from the past
105
humanistic therapy
emphasizes the positive nature of humankind-more focused on present
106
person-centered therapy
therapy based around the clients individual issues and needs

Psy Exam 4 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions