Final - Pop Health Flashcards
Employers typically pay __%____ of total annual salary on health benefits
21- 30
Self-insured plans usually offered by ________
a. Medium companies
b. Small companies
c. Large companies
C - Large
The industry standard employer/employee split as
a. 90/10
b. 85/15
c. 80/20
d. 75/25
e. 70/30
D - 75/25
The consistent amount of money the employee pays monthly for health insurance is
a. Benefit
b. Co-pay
c. Deductible
d. premium
D - Premium
Which is NOT a way the Purdue health plan used to lower overall healthcare costs?
a. Changed insurance plans
b. Significantly raises premium amount paid by employees
c. Starts center for healthy living
d. Incentivized improving wellness outcomes
B- significantly raises premium amount paid by employees
How is population health defined?
a. The health outcomes of a group of individuals
b. Initiatives to guide and monitor well being on a governmental level of a given group within a given area
c. The general well being and health status of an individual group within a well defined area
d. The health outcomes of a group of individuals and the distribution of outcomes within the group
D - The health outcomes of a group of individuals and the distribution of outcomes within the group
Both state and local public health departments utilize critical functions when addressing public health. Which critical function below is not utilized in public health?
a. Containing environmental hazards
b. Encouraging healthy behaviors
c. Incentivized programs to encourage health in a given population
d. Preventing epidemics
C - Incentivized programs to encourage health in a given population
Which of the following must complete a post professional degree formalized residency prior to being licensed to practice?
a. NP
b. Podiatrist
c. PT
d. PA
e. Dietician
B - Podiatrist
Interprofessional collaborative practice utilizes pompetency domains. Which of the following is not a collaborative practice competency domain?
a. Values/ethics of team
b. Team and teamwork
c. Roles/responsibilities
d. Financial obligations
e. Communications
D - Financial Obligations
All of the following are dysfunctions of a team except
a. Inattention to results
b. Initiating conflict
c. Lack of commitment
d. Absence of trust
e. Avoidance of accountability
B - initiating conflict
Which of the following professionals cannot prescribe a medication to patients to treat a fungal infection on the chest?
a. NP in clinic
b. PA in collaborative practice agreements with a DO physician
c. Podiatrist in a sports clinic with specialty focus on fungal infections
d. PA with collaborative practice with a MD
C - Podiatrist in a sports clinic with specialty focus on fungal infections
In the US the top 5% of spenders account for ___%___ of all health care dollars spent
a. 10
b. 20
c. 30
d. 50
e. 70
D - 50%
Over the last 10 years deductibles for employer sponsored health coverage has
a. Increased
b. Stayed the dame
c. Decreased
A - increased
All of the following are right with the US healthcare system except…
a. Rapidly expanding knowledge
b. Novel therapeutic entities
c. Extensive efforts made at end of life
d. Quick and extensive technology advancements and efforts
C - Extensive efforts made at end of life
After years of modest growth, rx spending rose sharply in 2014 due to…
a. Introduction of new brand named drugs
b. Introduction of specialty drugs
c. Increased prices of generic drugs
d. Shortages of commonly used drugs
b. Introduction of specialty drugs
Which best correlates with annual healthcare waste in the US in 2012 according to IOM?
a. Excessive administration costs was the smallest portion of annual healthcare waster at 7.2%
b. Unnecessary services accounted for the largest portion of annual healthcare waste at 27.5%
c. Fraud accounted for the largest portion of annual healthcare waste at 34.3%
d. Missed prevention opportunities accounted for the largest portion of annual healthcare waste at 29%
b. Unnecessary services accounted for the largest portion of annual healthcare waste at 27.5%
Which age group makes up the largest spending group in the US healthcare system?
a. <20YO
b. 20-44
c. 45-64
d. >65
d. >65
Extra Credit Article Q’s:
_____ people die a day from gun violence
100
______ amendment gave the CDC money for research funding for gun violence
Dickey
Healthcare costs as %GDP have remained steady over last 5 years
a. True
b. False
B - False
Prescription drug costs as % of overall healthcare spent are_____ with time
a. Increasing
b. Staying about the same
c. Decreasing
A - increasing
Pharmacoeconomics is best defined as description and analysis of costs of pharmaceuticals and related services
a. True
b. false
B - false
because it involves cost AND outcomes!
Cost utility analysis is used when the primary concern is QOL and/or functional status
a. True
b. false
A - true
Cost Utility = Cost / QALY (able to compare drugs with serious ADRs or those producing reductions in morbidity)
examples of direct medical costs?
copays for Dr office and hospitalization
examples of direct non-medical costs?
transportation, lodging, caregiver
examples of indirect costs?
result from loss of productivity bc illness or death
examples of intangible costs
costs of pain; suffering; anxiety; fatigue
Cost benefit analysis is used when primary concern is least costly way to achieve objective
a. True
b. False
B - false
that would be Cost Effectiveness
Cost benefit is putting$ value on clincal outcomes and comparing outcome (“$”) and cost
Missing days of work due to illness is an example of direct non-medical cost
a. True
b. False
false - missing days is indirect
non medical would be transportation or lodging
Discounting allows the comparison of treatment costs that are spread over a number of years
a. True
b. False
A - True
use discount factor = 1 / [(1+r)^n]
r = discount rate
n = year in which costs or savings occur
Which of the following pharmacoeconomics analyses would be used when you want to determine best use of limited resources?
a. Cost minimization
b. Cost effectiveness
c. Cost benefit
d. Cost utility
Cost benefit
which one can only be utilized if the outcomes are thought to be about the same?
a. Cost minimization
b. Cost effectiveness
c. Cost benefit
d. Cost utility
cost minimization
T or F:
Statewide regulations have shown useful and have decreased the amount of opioid overdoses
True
__________ is important because clinical trials don’t have enough power to detect for uncommon side effects
Pharmacovigelence
Tinnuti and student said comparative effectiveness studies are best for people with ______ disease
chronic
Comparative effectiveness is best used on _______ rather than _______
Fill in the blanks with individuals or populations
populations
individuals
Medicare was signed into law in ___?
a. 1910
b. 1935
c. 1950
d. 1965
e. 1974
1965
*gotta be 65 to enroll!
From 1991-2013 opioid rxs have increased by ____%
300%
tripled
Comparative _________ is for people taking the medication in the marketplace
a. Cost minimization
b. Cost effectiveness
c. Cost benefit
d. Cost utility
b - cost effectiveness
Diabetic testing supplies are covered under which part of medicare?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
B
When can seniors first enroll in medicare?
a. Any point after they turn 65 doesn’t matter time of year
b. 3 months before, month of and 3 months after 65th bday
c. 3 months before, month of, and 3 months after retirement
d. During October-december of year of 65th bday
b. 3 months before, month of and 3 months after 65th bday
For hospice care, physicians must certify terminally ill with how much time left to live?
a. <3 months
b. <6 months
c. <12 months
d. <18 months
e. <24 months
B - 6 mos
Which of the following about medicare in a LTCF is not correct?
a. Pt must have spent 3 consecutive days in hospital
b. Admission must be within 30 days of hospital discharge
c. Maximum of 200 days of coverage per year
d. Only skilled nursing or rehab care covered—not custodial care
C - max of 200
actually max of 100 days!!
Which of the following is covered under part D?
a. Drugs for weight loss
b. Injectable drugs for diabetes
c. Drugs to promote fertility in women
d. Non-rx drugs
B
Once the deductible is reached in medicare D they cover all drug costs from then on for medically accepted conditions?
a. True
b. False
B - false
they will still have copays (depending on plan) but just very small copays
Pt prescribed methotrexate for RA is covered under medicare D, if for cancer would be under __
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
B
Patients in HIP2.0 are required to pay small monthly premium each month
a. True
b. false
A - true
What is the main eligibility requirement for Medicaid in Indiana?
a. Medical condition
b. Age
c. Yearly income
d. Degree of disability
yearly income
What drug class does Medicaid pay the most money on in dollar amount?
a. ABX
b. Narcotic analgesic
c. Anticonvulsants
d. Antihypertensives
e. Atypical antipsychotics
e. Atypical antipsychotics
What is the largest group of enrollees in Medicaid?
a. Children
b. Young adults with mental disabilities
c. Blind/disabled
d. Adults 19-65
e. Adults >65
Children
A list of services covered by Medicaid differs from state to state
a. True
b. false
A - true
Who is considered a winner from the ACA?
a. Older pts on medicare
b. Working poor
c. Young healthy people
d. Businesses without employee insurance
working poor
Which is not a challenge faced by ACA to date?
a. Enrollment problems during rollout periods
b. Current congress and administration cutting revenue streams
c. Individuals choosing pay the penalty instead of enrolling
d. Supreme court ruling that all states must participate
d. Supreme court ruling that all states must participate
Indiana is one of the states that did not expand medicaid coverage under ACA
a. True
b. false
false!
we did aka why HIP 2.0 exists now
What was one impact of the 30 day readmission penalty has had on pharmacist role?
a. Encourage follow up call to patients before discharged
b. Eliminated meds to beds programs nationwide
c. Increased medication reconciliation during first follow up visit
d. Promoted medication counseling at time of discharge
d. Promoted medication counseling at time of discharge
Which of the following is not a required policy coverage according to the ACA?
a. Maternity/newborn care
b. Home visit care
c. Mental health
d. Ambulatory/preventative care
B - home visit care
Giving high doses of sedatives at end of life is example of which ethics
a. Beneficence
b. Non-malificence
c. Justice
d. autonomy
a - beneficence
and
b. Non-malificence
Medical mistakes that result in harm is a violation of
a. Autonomy
b. non-malificence
c. beneficence
d. justice
b. non-malificence
Not providing the most effective treatment for a curable disease is a violation of
a. Autonomy
b. Justice
c. Non-malificence
d. beneficence
d. beneficence (per Dr. Scott key)
Healthcare rationing is an example of which ethics
a. Autonomy
b. Justice
c. Non-malificence
d. beneficence
b - justice
There is a demand for pharmacists who practice in specialty pharmacy to become specialized in specific disease states, accreditation fulfillment and REMS programs
a. True
b. false
a - true
Which of the following best defines accredidation?
a. A process where specialty pharmacies are ranked in comparison to others
b. Evaluation of processes and performance to ensure they meet predetermined standards
c. An audit performed after an error is made in pharmacy
d. Evaluation of volume of rxs filled to assess productivity
b. Evaluation of processes and performance to ensure they meet predetermined standards
Payers cannot choose to contract with specialty pharmacies based on of they are credentialed or not
a. True
b. false
B - false
they can and do chose pharmacies based on credentials
Which of the following is an advantage of controlled distribution?
a. Greatest points of product access
b. MDs have a choice of where to send their rx
c. Consistency of services
d. Patients have a choice where to fill their rx
c. Consistency of services
REMS requirements are added to the FDA approval of some specialty drugs to assure which of the following?
a. Lowest cost
b. Assure communication and safest use
c. Adequate reimbursement
d. Proper storgage
b. Assure communication and safest use
Which of the following is true regarding specialty pharmacies?
a. Rxs filled at specialty pharmacies are high volume, low dollar
b. Specialty pharmacies are efficacy driven
c. Specialty pharmacies are quality driven and responsible for clinical and operational metrics
d. A traditional pharmacy dispensing specialty drugs is considered a specialty pharmacy
c. Specialty pharmacies are quality driven and responsible for clinical and operational metrics
An advantage of insourcing specialty pharmacy services in a hospital setting is transparency of data
a. True
b. False
A - true
US healthcare costs are the highest globally but the health outcomes are better than other industrialized countries
a. True
b. False
B - false
The cost to hire a new pharmacist at Ohio Health including benefits is approximately $180,000
a. True
b. False
A - true
The increase in pharmacist salaries has remained constant during the past 5 years
a. True
b. False
B - false
(we are one of the healthcare jobs that has not gotten an INCREASE in salary, or nothing close to other health care professionals)
Pharmacists at ohio health are leading the way in designing treatment guidelines for the use of newer highly-priced biologic agents used system wide
a. True
b. False
true
Which of the following is not a concept of pharmacy that brings value to the healthcare environment?
a. Cost analysis
b. Rx dispensing expertise
c. Reimbursement analysis
d. Comparative analysis
e. Pharmacoeconomic analysis
b. Rx dispensing expertise
bc robots can do it…
Out of pocket expenses have been increasing steadily in most managed care plans
a. True
b. False
A -true
bBrand named drugs not including biologics for which of the following disease states is responsible for the most of drug spending today?
a. HTN
b. ABX
c. DM
d. Lipids
e. Pain
C - DM
bc everyone is obese
The approval of biosimilars has had a major impact on lowering the drug spend on major brand name biologic agents
a. True
b. False
False
(some have been approved but the first company cut deals with hospitals to keep using their drug and no one else is using the new ones)
The lack of transparency with respect to drug pricing has resulted in greater scrutiny of government, payers and patients
a. True
b. false
true
