Final Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Voir Dire

A

The process in which a potential jury panel is questioned by the prosecution and the defense in order to select jurors who are unbiased and objective

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2
Q

Challenge of Cause

A

Dismissal of a prospective juror by either the prosecution or the defense because he or she is biased, because he or she has prior knowledge about a case, or for other reasons that demonstrate the individual’s inability to render a fair and impartial judgment

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3
Q

Peremptory challenge

A

Dismissal of a prospective juror by either the prosecution or the defense for unexplained, discretionary reasons

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4
Q

Jury nullification

A

A jury’s refusal to render a verdict according to the law and fact regardless of the evidence presented

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5
Q

Writ of habeas corpus

A

A judicial order re question that a person who detains another person produce the body of the prisoner and give reasons for his or her capture and detention. Known as “the great writ”. A device used to request that a judicial body review the reasons for a person’s confinement and the conditions of confinement.

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6
Q

History of Punishment

A

pgs. 422-424

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7
Q

Corporeal Punishment

A

Use of physical pain, injury, discomfort, or humiliation to penalise unruly or criminal behavior. (ex: caning or flogging)

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8
Q

Penitentiary and reformatory

A

Penitentiaries–State or federal correctional institution for incarceration of felony offenders for terms of one year or more. Were established in 1820 and were also known as reformatories.

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9
Q

Deterrence/ deterrent effect

A

The assumed ability of the threat of criminal sanctions to discourage crime before it occurs

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10
Q

Incapacitation

A

The policy of keeping dangerous criminals in confinement to eliminate the risk of their repeating their offense in society

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11
Q

Concurrent/Consecutive sentences

A

Prison sentences for two or more criminal acts, served simultaneously and run together

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12
Q

Determinant

A

A fixed term of incarceration, such as three years’ imprisonment. Felt by many to be too restrictive for rehab purposes

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13
Q

Mandatory Sentences

A

A statutory requirement that a certain penalty shall be set and carried out in all cases upon conviction for a specified offense or series of offenses

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14
Q

Truth in sentencing Laws

A

Laws requiring convicted felons to spend a significant portion of their sentence behind bars

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15
Q

Victim Impact Statement

A

A post conviction statement by the victim of crime or the victim’s family that may be used to guide sentencing decisions

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16
Q

Race & Punishment

A

pg. 441 & the New Jim Crow?

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17
Q

Capital Punishment

A

Pg. 442

18
Q

Probation

A

A sentence entailing the conditional release of a convicted offender into the community under the supervision of the court, subject to certain conditions for a specified time

19
Q

Revocation

A

An administrative act performed by a parole authority that removes a person from parole, or a judicial order by a court removing a person from parole or probation, in response to a violation on the part of the parolee or probationer

20
Q

Suspended sentence

A

A prison term that is delayed while the defendant undergoes a period of community treatment. If the treatment is successful, the prison sentence is terminated

21
Q

Presentence Investigation

A

An investigation performed by a probation officer attached to a trial court after the conviction of a defendant

22
Q

Restitution

A

A condition of probation in which the offender repays society or the victim of crime for the trouble the offender caused

23
Q

Restorative Justice

A

A view of crim j that focuses on crime as an act against the community rather than the state. Justice should involve all parties affected by crime

24
Q

Jail

A

A correctional facility designed to hold pretrial detainees and misdemeanants serving their criminal sentence

25
Q

Pennsylvania System

A

A prison sytem developed in Penn during 19th century based on total isolation and individual penitence

26
Q

Medical Model

A

A view of corrections holding that convicted offenders are victims of their environment who need care and treatment to transform them into valuable members of society

27
Q

Max Security Prison

A

Houses dangerous felons and maintains strict security measure, high walls, and limited contact with the outside world

28
Q

Boot camp

A

A short-term, militaristic correction facility in which inmates undergo intensive physical conditioning and discipline

29
Q

Halfway House

A

Community-based correctional facility that houses inmates before their outright release so that they can become gradually acclimated to conventional society

30
Q

Total institution

A

A regimented, dehumanizing institution in which like-situated people are kept in social isolation, cut off from the world at large

31
Q

Private Prisons

A

Crime prevention, detection, and the apprehension of criminals carried out by private organizations or individuals for commercial purposes

32
Q

Inmate subculture

A

The loosely defined culture that pervades prisons and has its own norms, rules, and language

33
Q

Prison Industrial Complex

A

Term used to describe the overlapping interests of government and industry that uses surveillance, policing, and imprisonment as solutions to economic, social, and political problems.

34
Q

Hands off doctrine

A

The legal practice of allowing prison administrators a free hand in running the institution, even if correctional practices violate inmates’ constitutional rights; ended in 1960s

35
Q

Parole

A

The early release of a prisoner from imprisonment subject to conditions set by correctional authorities

36
Q

Gender & Punishment

A

Unlike male inmates, women usually do not present an immediate physical danger to staff and fellow inmates. Make-believe family groups in women’s prisons consist of masculine and feminine figures acting as fathers and mothers. Female correctional institutions do not get the same level of support as male facilities, and as a result, educational and vocational programs are deficient.

37
Q

Indeterminate

A

A term of incarceration with a stated minimum and maximum length, such as a sentence to prison for a period of from 3-10 years. Prisoner is eligible for parole after the minimum sentence has been served.

38
Q

Auburn system

A

Developed in NY during 19th century, based on group work during the day and separation at night

39
Q

Prison

A

A correctional facility designed to hold convicted felons while they serve their criminal sentence

40
Q

Supermax security Prison

A

Form of max-security prison which uses high-level security measures to incapacitate the nation’s most dangerous criminals. Most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours/day