final part 2

Question 1

Marbury v. Madison

Answer 1

the 1803 Supreme Court case that established the power of judicial review, which allows the Court to strike down laws passed by the other branches that it views to be in conflict with the Constitution

Question 2

Gibbons v. Ogden

Answer 2

Congress may regulate interstate commerce

Question 3

McCulloch v. Maryland

Answer 3

the 1819 case that established that the necessary and proper clause justifies broad understandings of enumerated powers

Question 4

US v. Lopez

Answer 4

case in which the US Supreme Court ruled the national Gun-Free School Zones Act unconstitutional and affirmed that state governments have the right to establish gun-free school zones

Question 5

full faith and credit clause

Answer 5

the constitutional clause that requires states to comply with and uphold the public acts, records, and judicial decisions of other states

Question 6

equal protection clause

Answer 6

the Fourteenth Amendment clause stating that no state shall “deny to any person within its jurisdiction to the equal protection of the laws”

Question 7

due process

Answer 7

the legal safeguards that prevent the government from arbitrarily depriving citizens of life, liberty, or property; guaranteed by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments

Question 8

privileges and immunities clause

Answer 8

the Constitution’s requirement that a state extend to other states’ citizens the privileges and immunities it provides for its citizens

Question 9

dual federalism

Answer 9

the initial model of national and state relations in which the national government takes care of its enumerated powers while the state governments independently take care of their reserved powers.

Question 10

cooperative federalism

Answer 10

intergovernmental relations in which the national government supports state governments’ efforts to address the domestic matters reserved to them

Question 11

conflicted federalism

Answer 11

Intergovernmental relations in which elements of dual federalism, cooperative federalism, and centralized federalism are evident in the domestic policies implemented by state and local governments.

Question 12

process for amending the constitution

Answer 12

1. congress can propose an amendment by a 2/3 vote in each house or national convention can propose an amendment by 2/3 of the states
2. state legislatures can ratify an amendment by a vote of 3/4 of the states or state conventions can ratify an amendment by a vote of 3/4 of the states

Question 13

criminal law

Answer 13

the body of law dealing with conduct so harmful to society as a whole that it is prohibited by statute, and is prosecuted and punished by the government

Question 14

civil law

Answer 14

the body of law dealing with disputes between individuals, between an individual and corporations, between corporations, and between individuals and their governments over harms caused by a party’s actions or inactions

Question 15

tort

Answer 15

situation when a person’s body or property is harmed by another person’s negligence or other wrongful act, other than the violation of a contract.

Question 16

reapportionment

Answer 16

reallocation of seats in the House of Representatives to each state based on changes in state populations since the last census.

Question 17

redistricting

Answer 17

the redrawing of congressional district boundaries within each state, based on the reapportionment from the census

Question 18

gerrymandering

Answer 18

the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit an incumbent, a political party, or another group.

Question 19

fairness doctrine

Answer 19

the requirement that stations holding broadcast licenses present controversial issues of public importance and do so in a manner that was honest, fair, and balanced; done away with during Reagan administration

Question 20

how many amendments are there?

Answer 20

27

Question 21

amendment 1

Answer 21

Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

Question 22

amendment 2

Answer 22

Right to bear arms; have guns

Question 23

amendment 3

Answer 23

No quartering for soldiers- not in peace time

Question 24

amendment 4

Answer 24

Protection of property. Must have warrant searches or seizures

Question 25

amendment 5

Answer 25

Self Incrimination; don’t have to give yourself up, get a attorney, don’t have to take stand against yourself

Question 26

amendment 6

Answer 26

Right to a lawyer, fair, and speedy trial

Question 27

amendment 7

Answer 27

Right to a jury trial during a civil court case

Question 28

amendment 8

Answer 28

No cruel and unusual punishment
-cannot be excessive (cutting off your hand)

Question 29

amendment 9

Answer 29

Rights not listed in the constitution do exist and you have a right to them

Question 30

amendment 10

Answer 30

Any rights not in the constitution are up to the state

Question 31

amendment 14

Answer 31

Citizenship for African Americans, due process, equal protection

Question 32

amendment 25

Answer 32

(who becomes pres. after the pres. dies) Vice president- speaker of house of representatives

Question 33

republic

Answer 33

a government that derives its authority from the people and in which citizens elect government officials to represent them in the processes by which laws are made; a representative democracy

Question 34

democracy

Answer 34

government in which supreme power of governance lies in the hands of its citizens.

Question 35

devolution

Answer 35

the process whereby the national government returns policy responsibilities to state or local governments.

Question 36

oligarchy

Answer 36

government in which an elite few hold power.

Question 37

totalitarianism

Answer 37

system of government in which the government essentially controls every aspect of people’s lives

Question 38

monarchy

Answer 38

government in which a member of a royal family, usually a king or queen, has absolute authority over a territory and its government.

Question 39

authoritarianism

Answer 39

system of government in which the government holds strong powers but is checked by some forces.

Question 40

socialism

Answer 40

an ideology that advocates economic equality, theoretically achieved by having the government or workers own the means of production (businesses and industry).

Question 41

libertarianism

Answer 41

an ideology whose advocates believe that government should take a “hands off” approach in most matters

Question 42

conservatism

Answer 42

an ideology that emphasizes preserving tradition and rely on community and family as mechanisms of continuity in society.

Question 43

liberalism

Answer 43

an ideology that advocates change in the social, political, and economic realms to better protect the well-being of individuals and to produce equality within society.

Question 44

enumerated powers

Answer 44

the powers of the national government that are listed in the Constitution

Question 45

reserved powers

Answer 45

the matters referred to in the Tenth Amendment over which states retain sovereignty

Question 46

centralized federalism

Answer 46

intergovernmental relations in which the national government imposes its policy preferences on state and local governments

Question 47

Miranda rights

Answer 47

a criminal procedural rule, established in the 1966 case Miranda v. Arizona, requiring police to inform criminal suspects, on their arrest, of their legal rights, such as the right to remain silent and the right to counsel; these warnings must be read to suspects before interrogation

Question 48

necessary and proper clause (elastic clause)

Answer 48

a clause in Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution that gives Congress the power to do whatever it deems necessary and constitutional to meet its enumerated obligations; the basis for the implied powers.

Question 49

Article 1

Answer 49

Establishes the Legislative Branch with a Senate and House of Representatives.

Question 50

Article 2

Answer 50

Establishes the Executive Branch which the President is a member.

Question 51

Article 3

Answer 51

Establishes the Judicial Branch which created the federal court system, including the Supreme Court.

Question 52

populism

Answer 52

a philosophy supporting the rights and empowerment of the masses as opposed to elites.