final part 1 Flashcards
Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?
The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.
When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa’s inability to taste?
Sensory interaction
Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors?
Describing one’s immediate sensations while looking at a rose
Receptors for olfaction are located
in the nasal cavity.
A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that
the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete.
Joel’s pupils become dilated, his digestion is reduced, and his skin becomes cold. Which system is controlling bodily changes?
Sympathetic
Janice creates training programs to develop the emotional intelligence of her company’s sales force. This is done to increase sales and to help the climate of her workplace. Which of the following best describes the field in which Janice works?
Industrial-organizational psychology
Which of the following would most likely result from an injury to the medulla?
A life-threatening disruption of heartbeat and breathing
Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by
top-down processing.
The numbers below represent the quiz results for a psychology class.
10, 3, 5, 7, 10, 3, 10, 5, 2
5
In a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean?
It contains the middle 68% of the distribution.
Reuptake of a neurotransmitter refers to
absorption of the neurotransmitter into the terminal buttons of the sending neuron.
- Which of the following is a statistical approach concerned with forming conclusions about the effect of the independent variable on variations in the dependent variable?
Inferential
In the figure below, where do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have their initial effect?
C
In extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?
Epilepsy
À participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called
electroencephalography (EEG)
A person with damage to Broca’s arca would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
Difficulty with speech production
In the figure below, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect?
E
In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. This phenomenon occurs because the rods located in the retina are
more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea.
Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?
Hammer, anvil, and stirrup
Which monocular depth clue is illustrated in the figure below? ( vertical)
Linear Perspective
One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely
an inborn distaste for bitter that protects us from potential poisons in the environment.
Which of the following is true regarding visual information processing?
Bipolar cells relay information to ganglion cells that form the optic nerve.
What is the correct chronological order of the following perspectives of psychology, from past to present?
III, II, I IV Structuralism, Psychoanalysis, Behaviorism,
Negative afterimages are explained by
the opponent-process theory.
Which of the following psychologists would have been likely to say, “I do not care about the unconscious or
hidden motives I want to study behavior directly”?
John Watson
After an electrode implanted in a cat’s brain stimulates the cat’s amygdala, the cat will most likely do which of the following?
Immediately withdraw in fear
Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork.
Which of the following best explains her difficulty?
Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light.
Which of the following conditions most often results from having an extra copy of chromosome 21?
Down syndrome
The ability to see a cube in the diagram below is best explained by which of the following?
Gestalt principles of closure and continuity.
The function of dendrites is to
receive information from other neurons.
Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research
may reveal a causal relation.
Luz, a math major, sees the drawing below as a Venn Diagram. Her brother, an art major, sees is as two circles, The difference in perception is an example of
top-down processing.
À research psychologist generalizes from a particular sample to an entire population. This is an example of
statistical inference
The nature-nurture issue is best exemplified by which of the following questions?
Is level of intelligence the result of one’s environment and specific learning, or is it a
result of biological maturation?
Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?
Autonomic…sympathetic and parasympathetic
While watching TV with his son, Min is asked to turn up the volume. After doing so, he is asked to turn it up again. Evidently, the first increase was below his son’s
difference threshold.
The pitch of a sound is analogous to which of the following features of light?
Hue
In the figure below, a patient has been asked to draw a slash through each circle. The pattern of responses suggests that the patient has most likely experienced damage in which of the following areas?
Right hemisphere
A rescarcher is trying to determine whether a new painkilling medicine is effective in reducing headaches. Twenty adult participants sit in a noisy environment for 30 minutes and then rate the severity of their headaches on a scale from O (none) to 5 (intense). Group M (the medicine group) receives a normal dose of the medicine. Group C (the control group) rests quietly. After 20 minutes, all participants again complete the headache rating scale. The statistically significant differences in headache severity on the posttest appear in the graph below.
The medicine
Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?
Aftweimages
Carlos sees the figure below as six unified columns, not four unified rows. Which of the following Gestalt principles is operating most strongly?
Similarity
As a ballerina, Betty has a sense of when she needs to move a part of her body to get a position just right. This sense of one’s bodily position in space is known as
kinesthesis.
All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:
Research may not involve deception
The process by which information is changed from physical information to neural information that can be processed by the brain is known as
transduction
Which of the following would a social learning theorist be most likely to propose as a cause for a fear of flying?
A person observed someone else’s fear of flying.
In right-handed individuals, which of the following abilities is predominantly a function of the right hemisphere of the brain?
Spatial reasoning
Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her?
Linear perspective
Research has shown that a major reason for poor performance while multitasking is that while multitasking, people
switch their attention rapidly from task to task, so they miss critical information
associated with a task that is not receiving their attention.
On a test, the mean score for a class of 100 students is 80 and the standard deviation of the scores is 10. The professor who gave the test then realizes that she made a scoring error, which she corrects by adding 5 points to each student’s score. The standard deviation of the students new scores is
10
It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster
is very sensitive to hot peppers.
When viewed from the window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than do more distant objects. This cue for depth perception is called
motion parallax.
Immediately after firing a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as
the absolute refractory phase.
Which of the following theories most accurately explains pitch perception?
II and III only Frequency and place
The psychological experience of pitch is related to a sound wave’s
frequency
A researcher asks participants to identify red shapes presented on a video screen. Following this, novel objects of various colors are depicted on the screen. Participants correctly identified red objects more quickly than objects of a different color. The result illustrates
primiing
Standard deviation is a measure of how much
scores in a group differ from the mean of that group.
An evolutionary psychologist would explain that humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for
survival
Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off by specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement. Where in the visual system are these feature detectors located?
Occipital Cortex
A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the
other ear. These cues help individuals determine the
location of the source.
A trait that appears in an organism only when both parents possess the gene for that trait is referred to as
recessive
While reviewing scores from a chapter test, a teacher discovered that the mean score was higher than the median.
Which of the following statements is most likely correct?
The distribution of scores for the test is positively skewed
Consistent with the concept of neural plasticity, neurons in mammals have been found to change the way they function as a result of repeated stimulation by doing which of the following?
Growing new dendrite spines
Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phone requires
selective attention
While at a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word “exactly.” Zach’s response is an example of
the cocktail party effect.
People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion than are people who live in environments without such angles and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that
people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives.
In visual perception, size constancy occurs as an object comes closer to the viewer because the
perceived distance of the object becomes smaller.
Which of the following statements about the perception of taste is true?
Older adults frequently experience decreases in the sense of smell that make it more difficult to perceive the flavor of food.
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?
A decrease in heart rate
Samir attends several loud concerts over the course of a year. At the end of the year he notices that he is having trouble hearing and his doctor diagnosis him With nerve deafness. What part of his ear was most likely damaged by the loud music?
Cochlea
Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?
experimental
After spending hours in her kitchen preparing dinner, Rebecca no longer notices the strong smell of garlic until her guests arrive and mention the smell. Her failure to notice the smell of garlic illustrates
sensory adaptation.
Eleanor Gibson and Richard Wal used a visual cliff with a glass-covered drop-off to examine behavior with crawling infants. Even when coaxed by their mothers to crawl onto the glass covering, most infants refused to do so, indicating that they had developed which of the following?
depth perception
Although Sasha sees her AP Psychology teacher every day, she didn’t recognize the teacher when she ran into her at the movie theatre. This best illustrates
context effects
The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches?
Psychodynamic
Ernst Weber’s and Gustav Fechner’s psychological laws concern the relation between which of the following?
The intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation.
George was involved in an accident and experienced head trauma. Although his eyes were functioning normally, he was unable to see. Which area of the brain was most likely affected by the accident?
The occipital lobe
In an experiment to test the effects of hunger on aggressive behavior, aggressive behavior would be the
dependent variable.
