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xray final review notes > final notes > Flashcards

final notes Flashcards

1
Q

what three characteristics are needed to describe a photon?

A

velocity, frequency and wavelength

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2
Q

The longer the wavelength the__

A

the lower the frequency

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3
Q

The shorter the wavelength the __

A

the higher the frequency

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4
Q

Frequency x velocity =

A

wavelength

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5
Q

the distance between two crests in a wave __

A

wavelength

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6
Q

the number of crests or cycles per second __

A

frequency ** measured in hertz**

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7
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

energy in motion

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8
Q

As ___ increases, both intensity and energy are increased

A

kinetic energy

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9
Q

unit of electrical charge

A

coulomb

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10
Q

unit of electrical potential

A

volts

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11
Q

unit of electrical current

A

amperage

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12
Q

unit of electrical resistance

A

OHMS

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13
Q

unit of electrical power

A

watts

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14
Q

Electrostatic force is measured in__

A

newtons

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15
Q

Resistance depends on?

A

material, length, cross sectional area and temperature

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16
Q

Most used and advanced transformer, both primary and secondary coils wound around a central core for maximum effiency

A

shell type

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17
Q

What voltage is needed to drive electrons across the tube with sufficient speed?

A

30,000-150,000 /30 to 150kv

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18
Q

constant high voltage showing 6 pulses per second 1/60 sec

A

three phase

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19
Q

single phase ripple

A

100%

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20
Q

3 phase, 6 pulse ripple

A

13% –voltage never falls below 87%

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21
Q

3 phase 12 pulse rippl

A

3.5% voltage never falls below 96.5%

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22
Q

high frequency ripple

A

less than 1%

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23
Q

x-ray tube acts as rectifier, no diodes, 100ma to 100kvp, used in dental offices

A

self rectification

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24
Q

1 or 2 diodes, out puts 60 pulses per second

A

half-wave

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25
Q

used in all stationary x-ray machines, positive voltage always impressed across tube, atleast 4 diodes

A

full rectification

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26
Q

Only allows current flow when higher potential placed on the P-side

A

p-n junction

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27
Q

Loosely bound electrons (arsenic or phosphorus doped)

A

N-type

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28
Q

contain electron traps (gallium or boron doped)

A

P-type

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29
Q

the x-ray tube window is how many cm?

A

5 cm squared

30
Q

thermionic emission is controlled by?

A

filament current

31
Q

Focusing cup works on__

A

electrostatic repulsion

32
Q

Electrical conductor, thermal conductor, mechanical support

A

anode

33
Q

Thermal conductor ____% of kinetic energy is heat and __% energy is x-rays

A

99% and 1 %

34
Q

Rotating anode target angle ranges from

A

5-15 degrees

35
Q

Anode diameter is __ larger= increases workload

A

3-5 inches

36
Q

The lower the target angle the ___ the____, the greater the hear load

A

smaller, effective fss

37
Q

Vacuum tube is made of

A

pyrex

38
Q

tungstens high melting point is

A

3410 C

39
Q

A filament made of and is how big?

A

tungsten, 2mm diameter 1 or 2 cm long

40
Q

When electrons interact with target atoms at various depths

A

heel effect

41
Q

radiation intensity is greater on the cathode side

A

heel effect

42
Q

The heel effect is less pronounced at ?

A

increased SID, as size of film decreased, larger FSS

43
Q

The image intensified is located where during flouro?

A

above table

44
Q

The x-ray tube is located where during flouro?

A

under table

45
Q

The x-ray tube is operated at less than ___ mA during flouro

A

5 mA

46
Q

Brightness gain is

A

the ability of image itensifier to increase the illumination level of the image

47
Q

Brightness gain =

A

minification gain x flux gain

48
Q

Receives remnant x-ray beam
converts it into light
converts light into electron image
Finally conversion of electron image back to light image of increased brightness

A

Image intensifier tube

49
Q

when high energy electrons interact with the image intensifier screen, the output phosphor, it produces how much light

A

5000 to 20,000 brighter

50
Q

what is flux gain?

A

increase in brightness due to acceleration of electrons

51
Q

what is minification gain?

A

increase in brightness as a result of minification of the image

52
Q

The unit of electrostatic charge is ?

A

coulomb

53
Q

The unit of electrostatic force is ?

A

newton

54
Q

Normal power supple in US is

A

120 V , 60 hz single phase

55
Q

P= IV

A

power

56
Q

The number of turns in a conductor (copper) , the induced EMF is directly _______

A

proportional to the # of turns in the coil

57
Q

The left hand rule determines the what?

A

the direction of the induced current

58
Q

EMF is expressed in what?

A

volts

59
Q

What are wavelengths measure in?

A

Angstroms

60
Q

Anode cooling chart formula for single phase

A

kvp x ma x time

61
Q

Anode cooling chart formula for 3 phase / high frequency

A

kvp x ma x time x 1.40

62
Q

Laying in the prone position the barium will be where ?

A

barium in body of stomach

63
Q

laying supine , barium will be where ?

A

in the fundus

64
Q

peristalis occures best in what position

A

RAO

65
Q

which flexure is lower?

A

right

66
Q

area with more cancers?

A

sigmoid

67
Q

what helps with peristalis in colon?

A

haustra

68
Q

creatine and bun levels

A

creatine .6 to 1.5 BUN 10-20

69
Q

upper poles of the kidney are more__

A

posterior

70
Q

lower poles of kidney are more __

A

anterior

xray final review notes (1 decks)

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