Final Material - Testing

Question 1

What is the difference between verification and validation?

Answer 1

Verification checks if we are building the product right and it conforms to specifications
Validation checks if we are building the right product that does what the user really requires

Question 2

What is the difference between inspection and testing?

Answer 2

Inspection is concerned with analysis of the static system representation to find problems.
Testing is concerned with exercising and observing product behaviour

Question 3

What is the difference between white box and black box testing?

Answer 3

Black box testing is tests in which the tester cannot see the code of the item being teste
White box testing is tests in which the tester is aware of the inner workings of the item being tested

Question 4

What is development testing?

Answer 4

The system is tested during development to find bugs and defects. It is performed by developers and the testing team and includes unit testing, integration testing, and system testing

Question 5

What is release testing?

Answer 5

Testing a particular release of a system intended for use outside of the development team. It is a form of black box testing that checks if the system meets requirements and is good for external use

Question 6

What is user testing?

Answer 6

Users or potential users are involved in testing the system. Involves alpha testing, beta testing, and acceptance testing

Question 7

What is unit testing?

Answer 7

Testing individual components in isolation. It is performed by the development team and is a form of white box testing

Question 8

What is integration testing?

Answer 8

Individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. it is performed by the SQA team and is a form of black box testing

Question 9

What is system testing?

Answer 9

Testing of the whole system after all modules are combined. It is performed by the SQA team and is a form of black box testing. It tests both functional and non-functional requirements whereas unit and integration testing only cover functional

Question 10

What is regression testing?

Answer 10

Testing the system to check that changes haven’t broken previously working code. This is expensive for manual testing but simple with automated testing

Question 11

What are the benefits of test automation?

Answer 11

1. Automated tests have a lower chance of being wrong
2. Tests are readily available for the rest of the project
3. Automated tests can be run frequently
4. Most useful in test-intensive practices like extreme programming
5. Automated tests improve chances of detecting problems at the earliest possible moment

Question 12

What is the difference between alpha and beta testing?

Answer 12

Alpha testing is when users work with the dev team to test at the dev site
Beta testing is when a release is made available to users to experiment in the environment and raise problems they discover

Question 13

What is acceptance testing?

Answer 13

Customers test the system to decide whether or not it is ready to be accepted from developers and deployed in the customer environment

Question 14

What is structured basis testing?

Answer 14

A method that tests each statement in a program at least once. We identify a set of linearly independent paths of execution and write a test case for each path

Question 15

How do we calculate the number of tests necessary for structured basis testing?

Answer 15

1. Start with 1 for the straight path through the routine
2. Add 1 for each keywork: if, while, repeat, for, and, or
3. Add 1 for each case in a case statement, if it doesn’t have a default case, add 1 more

Question 16

What is a control flow graph

Answer 16

Gives a graphical representation of the structure of a program

Question 17

What is cyclomatic complexity and how do we calculate it?

Answer 17

It is a metric to calculate the complexity of a program

M = E - N + 2 where M is complexity, E is number of edges, and N is number of nodes

Question 18

What is equivalence partitioning?

Answer 18

Allows us to reduce the number of total test cases by partitioning input and output into different classes where the program behaves in the same way for each class member

Question 19

What is boundary analysis?

Answer 19

Choose test cases on each side of the boundaries for partitions discovered in equivalence partitioning. We also include cases close to the midpoint of the partition

Question 20

What is a mock object?

Answer 20

A class that is dummied so it can be used by another class being tested

Question 21

What is a stub routine?

Answer 21

A dummy low level routine used by other routines being used

Question 22

What are some possible actions of mock objects and stub routines?

Answer 22

1. Return control immediately with no action
2. Test data fed into it
3. Print diagnostic messages
4. Return standard answer regardless of input
5. Burn up number of clock cycles allocated to the object or routine
6. Function as a simple or less accurate version of the real object or routine